Decapoda

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses of "decapod", see Decapod (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Decapodiformes.

Decapoda
Temporal range: Devonian–recent
From left to right:
Brachyura), Coconut crab (Anomura), Lysmata amboinensis (Caridea), Homarus gammarus (Astacidea
).
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Eucarida
Order: Decapoda
Latreille, 1802
Suborders

Dendrobranchiata
Pleocyemata
See text for superfamilies.

The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species.[1] Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder.[1] The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.

Anatomy

Main article: Decapod anatomy

Decapods can have as many as 38 appendages,

pleopods. There is one final pair called uropods, which, with the telson, form the tail fan.[2]

"Decapoda" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904

Evolution

A 2019

Late Devonian.[4]

The cladogram below shows the internal relationships of Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al. (2019).[3]

 Decapoda 
                

Dendrobranchiata (prawns)

 Pleocyemata 

Stenopodidea (boxer shrimp)

Procarididea

Caridea (true shrimp)

 Reptantia 

Achelata (spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters)

Polychelida (benthic crustaceans)

Astacidea (lobsters, crayfish)

Axiidea (mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, or burrowing shrimp)

Gebiidea (mud lobsters and mud shrimp)

Anomura (hermit crabs and others)

Brachyura (crabs)

 (crawling / walking decapods) 

In the cladogram above, the

sister clade to Polychelida, within Reptantia.[3]

Classification

Classification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop, giving rise to two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. The Dendrobranchiata consist of prawns, including many species colloquially referred to as "shrimp", such as the "white shrimp", Litopenaeus setiferus. The Pleocyemata include the remaining groups, including "true shrimp".[5] Those groups that usually walk rather than swim (Pleocyemata, excluding Stenopodidea and Caridea) form a clade called Reptantia.[6]

This classification to the level of superfamilies follows De Grave et al.[1]

Whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Dendrobranchiata: Penaeoidea)
Heterocarpus ensifer (Caridea: Pandaloidea)
Austropotamobius pallipes (Astacidea: Astacoidea)
Upogebia deltaura (Gebiidea: Upogebiidae)
Palinuridae
)
Polycheles sculptus (Polychelida: Polychelidae
)
Paguroidea
)
Brachyura: Portunoidea
)

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802

See also

References

  1. ^
    Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
  2. ^ a b c "Decapoda characters and anatomy". University of Bristol: Decapoda characters. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  3. ^
    PMID 31014217
    .
  4. S2CID 226229304. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  5. ISBN 978-1-57808-529-3
    .
  6. doi:10.1006/zjls.1995.0011
    .

External links

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