December 1960

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December 19, 1960: Fire on the USS Constellation kills 46 workers while docked in Brooklyn Navy Yard
December 7, 1960: A new weapon in war, the remote-controlled flying drone passes its first test

The following events occurred in December 1960:

December 1, 1960 (Thursday)

  • The Soviet Union launched
    Sputnik 6, a 5-ton satellite, into orbit with two dogs, Pchelka ("Little Bee") and Mushka ("Little Fly"), plus mice, insects and plants. The next day, the capsule was reported to have burned up on re-entry into the atmosphere at too steep an angle.[1] According to later reports, a self-destruct system had been built to destroy the satellite if it did not re-enter at the correct time, in order to prevent it from landing outside the Soviet Union.[2]
  • The Congolese Army arrested Patrice Lumumba, deposed premier of the Congo, while he was on his way to Stanleyville to meet his supporters.[3] Lumumba would be moved around the country and then shot to death on January 17, 1961.[4]

December 2, 1960 (Friday)

December 3, 1960 (Saturday)

Julie Andrews and Richard Burton in Camelot

December 4, 1960 (Sunday)

December 5, 1960 (Monday)

  • In the case of
    U.S. Supreme Court declared, by a 7 to 2 vote, that a law requiring permitting bus stations to exclude patrons on the basis of race, was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. The case had arisen when a law student at Howard University, Bruce Boynton, was fined for refusing to leave a "whites only" restaurant at the Trailways bus terminal in Richmond, Virginia.[12]
  • Born: Sarika, Indian film actress; as Sarika Thakur in New Delhi

December 6, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • Public Land Order 2216 established the 498,000-acre (2,020 km2) Izembek National Wildlife Range, which included Izembek Lagoon and its entire watershed near the tip of the Alaska Peninsula as "a refuge, breeding ground, and management area for all forms of wildlife."[13]
  • U.S. Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton issued Public Land Order 2214, reserving 9,500,000 acres (38,000 km2) of land as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[14]

December 7, 1960 (Wednesday)

December 8, 1960 (Thursday)

December 9, 1960 (Friday)

Hyperion
  • Died: Hyperion, 30, British thoroughbred racehorse who won the British Triple Crown (2,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Derby and St Leger Stakes) in 1943 and later a champion sire.

December 10, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The first underwater park within the United States, the John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, was formally dedicated. The park covers 178 square miles (460 km2) and protects coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves inside its boundaries.[27]
  • Born: Kenneth Branagh, Northern Irish actor and film director; in Belfast

December 11, 1960 (Sunday)

  • Richard Paul Pavlick, a 73-year-old postal clerk from New Hampshire, loaded his car with dynamite and then parked outside the Kennedy family estate in Palm Beach, Florida, and prepared to kill President-elect John F. Kennedy, waiting for Kennedy to depart for Sunday mass. Pavlick changed his mind after seeing that Kennedy was accompanied by his wife and two small children.[28] Pavlick was arrested four days later by Palm Beach city police.[29]

December 12, 1960 (Monday)

  • Television came to the South American nation of Ecuador as Red Telesistema de Ecuador (RTS) began regular broadcasting at 5:00 in the afternoon on Channel 4 in Guayaquil. José Rosenbaum, a German-born radio station owner in Ecuador, had purchased three cameras and other TV equipment while visiting a trade fair in West Germany and then spent more than a year with engineers in setting up the station.[30]
  • The revision of the most commonly used Spanish-language version of the
    Reina-Valera, was released, and would soon outsell the o. The original version had been published in 1569. A more recent, but not as popular, revision would be released in 1995.[31]

December 13, 1960 (Tuesday)

December 14, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • The first "Tied Test" in the history of Test cricket took place at the end of the match in Brisbane between the West Indies and Australia. At the end of the First Innings on December 10, Australia had a 505–453 lead. In the Second Innings, however, the West Indies had outscored Australia 284 to 232. When Australia's last batter, Lindsay Kline, came up for the 7th and final ball, the score had closed to 737 to 737. Kline hit the ball bowled by Wes Hall, and Ian Meckiff dashed toward the wicket for what would have been the winning run, but Joe Solomon fielded the ball and hit the stumps for the last out. "Until today," Percy Beames wrote in Melbourne's newspaper The Age, "there had not been a tie in Test cricket."[36]
  • The five-member electoral board of Illinois, with a majority of Republican members, unanimously certified the results of the November 6 popular balloting in the U.S. presidential election and awarded Democrat John F. Kennedy the state's 27 electoral votes. The board had considered Republican charges of voter fraud in Cook County and denied a request for a further election recount. Before the award of the Illinois block, Kennedy had 273, three more than the necessary 270 needed to win.[37]
  • In Stanleyville, Congo, Antoine Gizenga proclaimed himself to be the successor to Patrice Lumumba. For four months, Gizenga's forces controlled the Orientale and Kivu provinces, called Free Republic of the Congo, but on April 17, he surrendered in return for a post as a vice premier in the central government.[38]
  • By a vote of 89–0, the
    UN General Assembly Resolution 1514, the "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples" was adopted by the UN member nations. The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, and five other nations abstained.[39]
  • The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was created by the signing of an international convention by 18 European nations and the United States and Canada.[40]

December 15, 1960 (Thursday)

December 15, 1960: Belgium's King Baudouin of Belgium marries Fabiola of Belgium
  • In a royal wedding at the
    Fabiola de Mora y Aragon. Earlier in the day, the two had married in a private civil ceremony at the royal palace.[41]
  • After a 19-month experiment in democracy, King Mahendra of Nepal deposed the elected government and restored the absolute monarchy.[42] based on the Panchayat system. Prime Minister B. P. Koirala, who had taken office on May 27, 1959 as the Himalayan kingdom's first elected head of government, was arrested on orders of King Mahendra, along with 11 other government ministers.[43]
  • Died:
    Seyum Mangasha
    , Ethiopian prince and military commander, was killed by rebels during an attempted military coup against the Emperor's government.

December 16, 1960 (Friday)

picture1
Picture 2
Wreckage of United Flight 826 and TWA Flight 266 in the aftermath of the mid-air collision in New York
  • TWA Flight 266 5,200 feet (1,600 m) over Staten Island at 10:37 a.m.[44] The United DC-8 jet crashed in Brooklyn at the intersection of 7th Avenue and Sterling Place. Stephen Baltz, 11, was pulled conscious from the wreckage, but died the next day. The TWA plane, a Lockheed Super-Constellation with 39 passengers and five crew, had been on its way from Columbus, Ohio, to New York's La Guardia airport, and crashed on a vacant area at the Miller Field U.S. Army base on Staten Island. In addition to the 128 passengers and crew on both planes, eight more people on the streets of Brooklyn were killed by the falling debris.[45][46]

December 17, 1960 (Saturday)

  • At 2:10 in the afternoon,
    a U.S. Air Force plane crashed into a crowded street in Munich, West Germany, killing 32 people on the ground and all 20 people on board the airplane. The plane, whose 13 passengers were American college students returning home, lost power after takeoff and clipped the steeple at the St. Paul's Church, then fell onto a streetcar on Martin Greif Straße, near the intersection with Bayerstraße.[47]
  • Died: Abebe Aregai, 57, Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 1957, was killed by machine-gun fire as the army stormed the Genetta Leul palace where he was being held hostage by rebels.

December 18, 1960 (Sunday)

December 19, 1960 (Monday)

December 19, 1960: Launch of the first Project Mercury rocket in the U.S.

December 20, 1960 (Tuesday)

The Viet Cong flag
  • The National Liberation Front (NLF) was created as a Communist political organization in South Vietnam, to oppose the government of President Ngo Dinh Diem, who gave the group the nickname "Viet Cong". As the NLF gained adherents, it began carrying out military attacks against the South Vietnamese Army, and against U.S. forces during the Vietnam War.[53]
Commandant Baer

December 21, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and his cabinet of ministers were dismissed from his job as Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia by his older brother, King Saud, who assumed the job as head of government in addition to his monarchial role as head of state.[55] Faisal retained his position as Crown Prince and would regain the position of Prime Minister on October 31, 1962, which he would continue during his reign as king upon Saud's death on November 2, 1964.
  • In the Japanese city of Kumamoto, a fire on the third floor of a cabaret killed 14 people, nine of whom were hostesses, at a party to celebrate the end of the year. The fire spread to adjacent houses and left 100 people homeless.[56]
  • All nine crew on a U.S. Navy P2V Neptune patrol plane were killed when the aircraft plummeted into the Atlantic Ocean at a point 67 miles (108 km) south of the Canadian town of
    Argentia, Newfoundland.[57]
  • Eileen Derbyshire, 30, first played the role of Emily Bishop on the British soap opera Coronation Street. She would portray the character for more than fifty years.

December 22, 1960 (Thursday)

  • The Vostok-K rocket made its maiden flight, carrying a satellite with two dogs, Kometa and Shutka. An attempt to put the payload into orbit failed when the third stage failed seven minutes into launch, but the dogs survived the landing.[58]
  • The crash of Philippine Air Lines Flight 85 killed 28 of the 37 people aboard. The twin-engine DC-3 took off from Cebu City at the start of a scheduled flight to Davao on Mindanao Island when one of its engines failed.[59][60]
  • Massachusetts U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy resigned from his job in preparation for his January 20 inauguration as President of the United States.[61]
  • Born:
  • Died: Sir Ninian Comper, 96, Scottish architect

December 23, 1960 (Friday)

December 24, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The Boston Celtics set an NBA record for most rebounds by a team, 109 rebounds, in a 150–106 win over the visiting Detroit Pistons. Only 2,046 people turned out to Boston Garden to watch the Christmas Eve game.[66]
  • A roof collapse killed 21 coal miners in Iran at the Shemshak mine, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Tehran.[67]
  • Born:

December 25, 1960 (Sunday)

December 26, 1960 (Monday)

  • Eleven days after ending an experiment with an elected government, Nepal's absolute monarch, King Mahendra Bir Birkam installed a new government with himself as Prime Minister and nine people as cabinet ministers, including Nepal's Ambassador to the U.S., Rishikesh Shah, and former Foreign Minister Tulsi Giri.[71]
  • The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Green Bay Packers, 17–13, to win the 1960 NFL championship.[72] The AFL title game, between the Houston Oilers and the Los Angeles Chargers, would not take place until New Year's Day 1961.
  • In the Soviet Union, all 17 people aboard an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop were killed when the flight was preparing to land at Ulyanovsk after its departure from Kuybyshev.[73]
  • Born: Andrew Graham-Dixon, English art historian; in London
  • Died: Tetsuro Watsuji, 71, Japanese philosopher

December 27, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • After being forced to leave West Germany, The Beatles made a triumphant return to Liverpool, playing at the ballroom at the Litherland Town Hall. Author Hunter Davies, who wrote the authorized biography of the band, commented that "If it is possible to say that any date was the watershed, this was it. All their development, all their new sounds and new songs, suddenly hit Liverpool that evening. From then on, as far as a devoted fanatical following was concerned, they never looked back."[74]

December 28, 1960 (Wednesday)

December 29, 1960 (Thursday)

  • A former U.S. Defense Department employee was arrested by the FBI after taking almost 200 classified documents from the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group division at the Pentagon.[77] Arthur Rogers Roddey, a mathematician who had top secret clearance, was sentenced to eight years in prison on March 22, 1961.[78]
  • Born:

December 30, 1960 (Friday)

  • In the Mexican city of Chilpancingo in the state of Guerrero, government troops fired into a crowd of anti-government demonstrators, killing 13 people and wounding 37 others. The protest began after a Mexican Army officer shot and killed a man who was tacking up a poster criticizing the Governor of Guerrero.[79]
  • The Third Test match of the series between India and Pakistan began at Eden Gardens, Calcutta.[80]
  • Died: Angelo Donati, 75, Italian banker, philanthropist and diplomat known for saving thousands of French Jews from extermination during World War II.

December 31, 1960 (Saturday)

References

  1. . 3 December 1960.
  2. ^ Hall, Rex; Shayler, David (2001). The rocket men: Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights. Springer. pp. 128–129.
  3. ^ "Congo Ex-Premier Nabbed in Escape". Oakland Tribune. December 2, 1960. p. 1.
  4. ^ de Witte, Ludo (2002). The Assassination of Lumumba. Verso. p. 54.
  5. ^ "Pope John XXIII Receives Archbishop of Canterbury". Oakland Tribune. December 2, 1960. p. 1.
  6. Continuum International
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  7. ^ Mordden, Ethan (2002). Open a New Window: The Broadway Musical in the 1960s. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 26–27.
  8. ^ a b c d Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART II (B) Research and Development Phase of Project Mercury January 1960 through May 5, 1961". Project Mercury – A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  9. ^ Sweet Home Cook County (PDF). Cook County Clerk. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Africans Demand U.N. Admit Nation", Daytona Beach Morning News, December 19, 1960, p5
  11. ^ UN website Archived 2009-05-27 at the Wayback Machine UN website Archived 2014-07-12 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Negroes Win Right to Eat in Bus Depots", Chicago Daily Tribune, December 6, 1960, p10
  13. ^ "Alaska – Izembek National Wildlife Refuge". Archived from the original on 27 February 2010.
  14. ^ "Arctic Refuge's 50th Anniversary", U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  15. ^ "The DASH Weapon System", GyrodyneHelicopters.com
  16. ^ Roger Daniels, Guarding the golden door: American immigration policy and immigrants since 1882 (Macmillan, 2005) p195
  17. ^ "Appeal of Soviet to Aid Lumumba Up in U.N. Today", New York Times, December 7, 1960, p1
  18. ^ "Burma Ratifies Red Chinese Border Treaty". Los Angeles Times. December 9, 1960. p. I-8.
  19. ^ "Congolese Blockade Stuns U.N.— All Military Surface Transport Faces Paralysis". Los Angeles Times. December 9, 1960. p. I-1.
  20. ^ NDSU History Archived 2009-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Gallagher, William (December 8, 2000). "40 Years on the Street". BBC News.
  22. ^ Leonard, James (2012). Living the Faith: A Life of Tom Monaghan. University of Michigan Press. pp. 41–55.
  23. ^ "Philippines, Japan Sign Amity Treaty". Los Angeles Times. December 9, 1960. p. I-1.
  24. ^ "Screaming Algerian Mob Blasted by Tanks". Pasadena Star-News. December 10, 1960. p. 1.
  25. ^ "Troops in Algiers Kill 61 in Rioting". The New York Times. December 12, 1960. p. 1.
  26. ^ Marsh, Jeff (April 6, 2021). "Why do they call you "Swampy"?". @mmonogram – via TikTok.
  27. ^ "Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary site". Archived from the original on 2010-10-17. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  28. ^ "JFK: the assassin who failed", by Philip Kerr, New Statesman, November 27, 2000
  29. ^ "Man Accused of Plotting to Assassinate Kennedy", Spartanburg (SC) Herald-Journal, December 17, 1960, p1
  30. ^ " "RTS: 50 años Sintonia" (RTS: 50 Years of Broadcasting), El Universio (Guayaquil), December 5, 2010
  31. ^ Calvin George, The History of the Reina-Valera 1960 Spanish Bible (Literatura Bautista, 2004) p35
  32. ^ Saheed A. Adejumobi, The History of Ethiopia (Greenwood Press, 2006) p102
  33. ^ "Texas Recount is Denied; 24 Kennedy Electors OK'd", San Antonio Express, December 13, 1960, p1
  34. ^ and breaking the former mark in 1957 of 70,310 feet (21,430 m) by over 4 miles (6 km). HistoryCentral.com Archived 2007-08-12 at archive.today
  35. ^ SICA History
  36. ^ "TEST ENDS IN TIE ON SECOND-LAST BALL". The Age. Melbourne. December 15, 1960. p. 24.
  37. San Mateo Times. San Mateo, California
    . December 14, 1960. p. 1.
  38. ^ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 239.
  39. ^ UnitedNations.org
  40. ^ OECD website
  41. ^ "Baudoin Weds in 2 Ceremonies". The New York Times. December 16, 1960. p. 1.
  42. ^ U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights
  43. ^ "King Takes Over in Nepal, Orders Cabinet Seized", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 15, 1960, p.2
  44. ^ Aviation Safety Database.
  45. ^ "WORST AIR CRASH KILLS 133; 19 FROM CHICAGO AREA DIE— O'Hare Jet Collides with Liner Over N.Y.", Chicago Daily Tribune, December 17, 1960, p1
  46. ^ "On This Day in History" Archived 2011-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, Brooklyn Daily Eagle online
  47. ^ "U.S. Plane Falls in Munich; 50 Die". Reading Eagle. Reading, Pennsylvania. December 17, 1960. p. 1.
  48. ^ National Museum, New Delhi History Archived March 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Peaslee, Amos J.; Xydis, Dorothy Peaslee, eds. (1974). International Governmental Organizations: Constitutional Documents. Vol. 1. Brill Archive. p. 1162.
  50. ^ "Electors Certify Kennedy Victory". The New York Times. December 20, 1960. p. 1.
  51. ^ "Blazing Ship Traps Dozens", Pasadena Star-News, December 19, 1960, p1; "Carrier Death Toll 46", December 20, 1960, p1
  52. ^ "Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action". Naval History and Heritage Command. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  53. ^ DeFronzo, James (2007). Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements (3d. ed.). Westview Press. pp. 165–166.
  54. ^ "Nazi Death Camp Chief Captured". Pasadena Star-News. December 21, 1960. p. 1.
  55. ^ Los Angeles Times. December 22, 1960. p. I-4. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ^ "14 Die in Japan Cabaret Place". Los Angeles Times. December 22, 1960. p. I-2.
  57. ^ "Navy Plane, 9 Aboard, Falls in Sea". Los Angeles Times. December 22, 1960. p. I-2.
  58. ^ "Soyuz Chronology" Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, Astronautix.com
  59. ^ "28 Killed in Philippine Plane Crash". Los Angeles Times. December 22, 1960. p. I-1.
  60. ^ Aviation Safety Database
  61. ^ "Kennedy Resigns His Senate Seat", New York Times, December 23, 1960, p1
  62. ISSN 0362-4331
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  63. . Retrieved April 4, 2021.(subscription required)
  64. ^ "Nasser Threatens Israel on A-Bomb", New York Times, December 24, 1960, p1
  65. ^ Maria Rost Rublee, Nonproliferation Norms: Why States Choose Nuclear Restraint (University of Georgia Press, 2009) p109
  66. NBA.com. Archived from the original
    on 5 July 2014.
  67. . AP. December 26, 1960. p. 1.
  68. from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  69. ^ "Soviet Aids Ceylon", Daily News (New York), December 26, 1960, p.16
  70. .
  71. ^ "Cabinet Installed By Nepalese King", Washington Star, December 26, 1960, p.6
  72. ^ "EAGLES WIN NFL TITLE: Clock Stops Packers in 17 to 13 Tilt", Milwaukee Sentinel, December 27, 1960, p1
  73. ^ Aviation Safety Database
  74. ^ Hunter Davies, The Beatles (1968, W. W. Norton & Company, 1996) p92
  75. ^ "Rebel Tribesmen in Congo Massacre 20 Aboard Train", San Antonio Express, December 29, 1960, p1
  76. ^ Stone, Matt (January 26, 2007). "On the mend, Chad McQueen returns to Daytona". MotorTrend Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
  77. ^ "200 Secret Papers Stolen From Pentagon", San Antonio Express, December 30, 1960, p1
  78. ^ "Ex-Pentagon Aide Sentenced to 8 Years for Document Theft", New York Times, March 23, 1961, p1
  79. ^ "Mexican Troops Fire on Crowd, Killing 13", Los Angeles Times, December 31, 1960, p.I-3
  80. ^ "Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs India 3rd Test 1960/61 – Score Report". ESPNcricinfo.com.
  81. ^ "Andorra— Heads of State", in Heads of States and Governments Since 1945, by Harris M. Lentz (Routledge, 2014) p31
  82. ^ [1] "The last recruits report for their National Service duty", ThisIsExeter.co.uk, July 12, 2008