December 1971

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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December 16, 1971: Pakistan surrenders its province of East Pakistan, Republic of Bangladesh is created
December 25, 1971: Daeyeonggak Hotel fire in South Korea kills 158 people[1]
December 2, 1971: United Arab Emirates founded as federation of seven oil-rich sheikhdoms

The following events occurred in December 1971:

December 1, 1971 (Wednesday)

December 2, 1971 (Thursday)

  • The United Arab Emirates was founded by the six of the seven Trucial Sheikhdoms (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain; Ras Al Khaimah joined later) of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Sheik Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Emir of Abu Dhabi, was selected as the UAE's first president, and Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, was vice president. Saeed's son, Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, was named as the prime minister.[4]
  • The Mars 3 lander, released by the orbiting Soviet spacecraft of the same name, made the first soft landing on the planet Mars. It began transmitting data to the orbiter on December 5, but failed after only 20 seconds. Scientists quoted in Pravda speculated that the lander had either encountered a dust storm or that there was another problem in the landing area.[5]
  • An explosion in Taiwan, fire and carbon monoxide poisoning killed 40 underground coal miners near the port city of Keelung. The blast happened 7,260 feet (2,210 m) below ground in the Seven Star mine.[6]
  • Chile's President Salvador Allende decreed emergency rule after riots in the capital, the day after the "March of the Empty Pots" by women in Santiago, injured more than 150 people. Allende authorized General Augusto Pinochet, commander of the Chilean Army garrison in Santiago, to put down the rebellion.[7]
  • Alan Enver, a 52-year old hiker who had survived being stranded for six days with his wife Maibritt on a snow-covered mountain in New South Wales in Australia,[8] died when he lost his balance while waving to a rescue helicopter. Mr. Enver and his wife had been hiking in Kosciuszko National Park, with their dog, on November 28 and had gotten lost while on Mount Kosciuszko. They were "walking along a narrow path on the side of a deep gorge" when the RAAF rescue copter came over the ridge, and as Mr. Enver "waved vigorously to the crew to attract attention" he slipped and fell 100 feet (30 m) into a stream below.[9][10]
  • Died:
    Twenty Questions in 1946 on the Mutual Broadcasting System radio network, and later for the DuMont television network. The show debuted on February 2, 1946 and ran until May of 1955.[11]

December 3, 1971 (Friday)

  • The
    Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 began as Pakistan carried out air attacks on at least seven Indian airbases. The next day India launched a massive invasion of East Pakistan.[12]
  • A squad of about 200 Pakistani Army troops in East Pakistan began a massacre in six villages on the west bank of the Buriganga River, about 10 miles (16 km) from the Bengali capital of Dhaka, indiscriminately killing thousands of residents, both Hindu and Muslim, and destroying homes.[13]
  • The Pakistan Navy submarine PNS Ghazi sank under mysterious circumstances[14] with all 93 personnel onboard. The Indian Armed Forces denied responsibility for the sinking, and its commander, Lieutenant-General J. F. R. Jacob, said that he had first gotten notice in a call from Vice Admiral Krishnan, Commander of the Eastern Naval Command, who investigated reports that fishermen had found floating wreckage. The debris included a lifebelt with the identification "Diablo", the name of a U.S. Navy submarine that had been sold to the Pakistan Navy and renamed PNS Ghazi. Quoting Krishnan, Commander Jacob said that "the sinking of the Ghazi was an act of God" and that the Indian Navy had been unaware that the Ghazi had sunk. Jacob implied that the aircraft carrier INS Vikrant had been the prime target of PNS Ghazi.[15] Indian historians have long claimed that the Indian Navy destroyer INS Rajput (former HMS Rotherham) sank the PNS Ghazi.[citation needed]
  • The Bangladesh Air Force, composed of Bengali pilots and technicians defecting from the Pakistan Air Force, launched attacks on depots and communication lines, flying light aircraft donated by India.[citation needed]
  • Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu was installed as eighth monarch of the Zulus at a traditional ceremony at Nongoma in South Africa, attended by 20,000 people.[16]
  • The United States and Canada signed an extradition treaty providing for each nation to return persons wanted for hijacking or for an attack on a diplomat, as a waiver of the traditional "political exclusion clause" used refusing a request for return. U.S. Secretary of State William P. Rogers and Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs Mitchell Sharp signed on behalf of their respective nations at the U.S. State Department in Washington.[17]
  • Juilliard School of Music in New York.[citation needed
    ]

December 4, 1971 (Saturday)

December 5, 1971 (Sunday)

  • The Soviet Union vetoed a UN Security Council Resolution, calling for both India and Pakistan to enter an immediate ceasefire and to withdraw their forces from each other's nations.[25] The vote came at about 1:15 in the morning after an eight hour session in which the 10-member Security Council listened to the statements of the representatives for both nations.
  • Died: Andrei Andreyev, 76, former member of the ruling Politburo of Soviet Union from 1932 until 1952, when he was demoted along with other associates of Joseph Stalin.

December 6, 1971 (Monday)

  • In the United States, the first
    Seaboard Coast Line.[27] The first run, which departed 12 minutes late but arrived at 11:00 the next morning as scheduled, carried 95 passengers and only 28 automobiles on its double-decker enclosed cars, but had plans to carry up to 104 autos and more than 400 passengers.[28]
  • South Korea's President Park Chung Hee declared a state of national emergency throughout the Asian nation. In a statement read by Chu Yong, his Minister of Culture and Information, Park said that the six-point declaration was made necessary by "the rapid changes in international situations, including the recent admission of Communist China to the United Nations, its effect upon the Korean peninsula and the various fanatic moves by North Korean Communists."[29]
  • The U.S. Senate voted, 89 to 1, to confirm
    Hugo L. Black. The lone vote against Powell, a private attorney in Richmond, Virginia, with no prior judicial experience, was by Senator Fred R. Harris of Oklahoma.[30]
  • Born: Richard Krajicek, Dutch tennis player, in Muiderberg
  • Died: Mathilde Kschessinska, 99, Russian ballerina

December 7, 1971 (Tuesday)

December 8, 1971 (Wednesday)

  • The
    Nguyen Van Thieu addressed the troops from the flight deck of Sydney to bid them farewell.[34]
  • The Indian Navy launched Operation Python as a follow-up to Operation Trident.
  • U.S. President Richard Nixon ordered the 7th Fleet to move towards the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean.
  • In Northern Ireland, Sean Russell, an off-duty member of the Ulster Defence Regiment, was shot dead by members of the Irish Republican Army at his home in Belfast, thus becoming the first Catholic member of the Ulster Defense Regiment to be killed in the conflict.[35]
  • The Pakistani submarine PNS Hangor sank the Indian frigate INS Khukri

December 9, 1971 (Thursday)

  • Indian Air Force planes, attempting to bomb the airport at Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), struck an orphanage instead in an early morning run that had been targeting air and rail transport. At least 350 children were asleep in the Islam Mission Orphanage in Dhaka in an air raid that took place at about 4:00 in the morning local time, burying at least 300 orphans in the rubble of the brick and concrete building.[36] The Indian Air Force also mounted its Meghna Heli Bridge operation to airlift troops of IV Corps of the Indian Army from Brahmanbaria to Raipura and Narsingdi over the Meghna River.
  • Died:
    • Ralph Bunche, 68, American political scientist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate[37]
    • Sergey Konenkov, 97, Russian sculptor
    • Iftikhar Janjua
      , Pakistani general, died when the helicopter he was in was shot down by Indian forces.

December 10, 1971 (Friday)

December 11, 1971 (Saturday)

  • Seventeen construction workers were killed in an explosion while boring an underground tunnel beneath Lake Huron near Port Huron, Michigan, and eight more were injured.[39]
  • The 2nd Parachute Battalion Group of the Indian Army carried out the Tangail Airdrop, aiming to take Poongli Bridge on the Jamuna and to cut off the retreat of the 93rd Brigade of the Pakistani Army.[40]
  • Nihat Erim, who had resigned on December 3 after 13 of his ministers quit, formed a new government.[41]
  • The Libertarian Party was created as a third political party in the United States by an 8-member committee that met at the home of Luke Zell in Colorado Springs, Colorado, though the name was not agreed upon until January 31.[42]
  • Poland's Communist leader, General Secretary Edward Gierek of the Polish United Workers Party, replaced four older members of the 11-member PUWP Politburo, dismissing President Jozef Cyrankiewicz, Foreign Minister Stefan Jedrychowski, and former Minister of the Interior Mieczyslaw Moczar. They were replaced by younger men, including a future General Secretary, Wojciech Jaruzelski.[43]

December 12, 1971 (Sunday)

  • The Soviet Union announced the completion of the world's largest hydroelectric plant, located on the Yenisei River at the town of Divnogorsk, which was specifically built for the construction workers in the project, near Krasnoyarsk.[44]
  • Died:
    Sarnoff in 1954 ad
    • David Sarnoff, 80, American broadcasting pioneer who had served as Chairman of RCA (the Radio Corporation of America) and its radio and television subsidiary, NBC (the National Broadcasting Company).[45]
    • John Barnhill, 63, Northern Ireland Senator since 1962, was assassinated in his home at Strabane by a pair of gunmen who shot him, then planted a gelignite bomb beside his body after dragging it into the mansion and detonated it. Barnhill had been an outspoken member of parliament in denouncing the Irish Republican Army.[46][47]

December 13, 1971 (Monday)

  • People's Republic of China for 19 years, was allowed to leave the Communist nation along with Mary Ann Harbert, who had been imprisoned for more than three years. The two crossed into neighboring Hong Kong at 2:00 in the afternoon. Another American prisoner, John T. Downey, remained incarcerated, but China announced that his life sentence had been commuted and that he would be released in 1976.[48] The action came after an appeal made by U.S. President Nixon to the Chinese government.[49]
  • The Socialist Party of Ireland was formed in Dublin. It would be dissolved in 1982.
  • Died: Ivan Hristov Bashev, Bulgarian politician and diplomat, 55, died of exposure and hypothermia after being caught in a snowstorm while skiing on Mount Vitosha

December 14, 1971 (Tuesday)

December 15, 1971 (Wednesday)

Judge Kerner

December 16, 1971 (Thursday)

December 17, 1971 (Friday)

December 18, 1971 (Saturday)

December 19, 1971 (Sunday)

  • The made-for-television film The Homecoming: A Christmas Story, was broadcast as the CBS Sunday Night Movie and achieved high enough ratings to be adapted to a long-running television series,
    Earl Hamner, Jr.
    , about a similar family, the Spencers.
Malcolm McDowell

December 20, 1971 (Monday)

New Pakistani President Bhutto
  • Having lost the
    war with India and the entire eastern part of his nation, General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan was forced to resign as President of Pakistan and, was replaced by Foreign Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, returning Pakistan to civilian rule for the first time since 1965. Bhutto was also appointed the "Chief Martial-Law Administrator", giving him powers of military and civilian rule. His first act as the Administrator was to order the retirement of General Yahya Khan and six other high ranking Pakistan Army officers whom he described as "the fat and flabby generals" who had lost the war.[75]
  • Died:

December 21, 1971 (Tuesday)

Waldheim[78]
Korea's Crown of Gaya[79]
  • The United Nations Security Council approved Kurt Waldheim of Austria as the new Secretary-General of the United Nations, after China withdrew an earlier veto of his nomination. Waldehim's appointment, as the successor to U Thant, who was retiring at year's end, followed four days of voting among candidates from seven nations.[80] Initially, all but one candidate— Gunnar Jarring of Sweden — had been vetoed by at least one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, but Jarring was unable to receive the required three-fifths majority from all 15 members. The final vote was 11 for Waldheim, one against, and three abstentions.
  • The crash of a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines airliner killed 28 of the 73 people on board when the Ilyushin Il-16 turboprop fell immediately after takeoff from Sofia for a flight to Algiers.[81] The flight was carrying members of the Sofia Orchestra to a concert tour of Algeria during the New Year's Day holiday. According to one report, the airplane was making its first flight after undergoing extensive maintenance, and the elevator controls had been wired incorrectly, causing the plane to pitch forward when the pilot was attempting to ascend.[82] The dead included the star attraction, popular Bulgarian singer Pasha Hristova, who was 25 years old.
  • In hopes of stopping Bangladesh from separating from the rest of Pakistan, President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto appointed a Bengali resident Nurul Amin as his vice president. Nurul Amin had declined an attempt by President Yahya Khan to serve as prime minister earlier in the month.[83] Bhutto also announced that secessionist leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman would be transferred from prison to house arrest.
  • The
    National Treasure of South Korea
    .
  • Born: Brett Scallions, American rock musician (Fuel), in Brownsville, Tennessee[84]

December 22, 1971 (Wednesday)

  • Bangladeshi leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who had been incarcerated in a Pakistani prison in Rawalpindi since March 25, was released and transferred house arrest in an undisclosed location.[85]
  • At the United Nations, India's Foreign Minister Swaran Singh called on the world's nations to "recognize the reality of Bangladesh", and said that Indian troops would not withdraw from the former East Pakistan until the Bangladesh was accepted as an independent nation.[86]
  • KUAC-TV in Fairbanks, Alaska went on the air, bringing public broadcasting to Alaska.

December 23, 1971 (Thursday)

  • The Ordonnance réglant l'utilisation du nom «Suisse» pour les montres set the legal definition of a “
    Swiss watch”, as well as the circumstances under which a watch movement could be considered Swiss made.[87]
Hoffa
  • U.S. President Nixon commuted the 13-year prison sentence of Jimmy Hoffa, the former president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, limiting him to time served on condition that he not "engatge in the direct or indirect management of any labor organization" until March 6, 1980, when his sentence would have concluded. Hoffa, who would disappear in 1975, was released from the federal penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania after having served four years and 9+1⁄2 months in jail.[88]
  • Born:

December 24, 1971 (Friday)

  • Pucallpa, on a multistop flight to Iquitos, killing 90 of the 91 people aboard.[89] A 17-year-old girl, Juliane Koepcke, survived after falling into the Amazon rainforest while strapped to her seat, and walked through the jungle for the next 10 days until she was rescued by local lumbermen.[90][91] Those killed in the crash included Juliane's mother, noted ornithologist Maria Koepcke
    .
President Leone

December 25, 1971 (Saturday)

December 26, 1971 (Sunday)

December 27, 1971 (Monday)

December 28, 1971 (Tuesday)

  • The
    British India
    until India achieved its independence in 1947, as well as ending privileges and the "privy purse", payments made by the government to former Indian nobility.
  • The city of Irvine, California, which would have a population of almost 290,000 people by 2021, was incorporated as a municipality in Orange County.[105]
  • "The Dæmons" became the very first Doctor Who serial to be rebroadcast by the BBC complete, in omnibus form. The broadcast attracted 10.5 million viewers, giving the show its highest rating since 1965.

December 29, 1971 (Wednesday)

  • A spokesman for the British Ministry of Defence announced that the United Kingdom would withdraw the 3,500 British troops from the Mediterranean island nation of Malta and close its bases after a 170-year presence. The announcement came after Malta's Prime Minister, Dom Mintoff, demanded that the UK pay Malta eleven million dollars for continued use of the naval base and two airfields there. [106]
  • Giovanni Leone was sworn in as the 6th President of Italy since the founding of the Italian Republic in 1946.[107] As one of his first acts, Leone rejected the resignation offered by Prime Minister Emilio Colombo and his ministers and asked them to continue.
  • Boys in the Sand, the first gay porn film, made its theatrical debut, at the 55th Street Playhouse in New York City.
  • Died: John Marshall Harlan II, 72, retired Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court[108]

December 30, 1971 (Thursday)

  • In separate statements,
    Holy Communion. The two church leaders approved the issuance of the "Agreed Statement on Eucharistic Doctrine" prepared by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission.[109]
  • The Getxo boat club in the Basque region of Spain was attacked by an ETA bomb, the second of three such attacks on the same club over the years.
  • Born:
    Paras, Crown Prince of Nepal, in Kathmandu
  • Died: Vikram Sarabhai, 52, Indian physicist and space scientist

December 31, 1971 (Friday)

  • U Thant completed his 11-year tenure as Secretary-General of the United Nations.
  • The ornate
    Turgenevskaya
    station opened on the Moscow subway.
Pete Duel

References

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  2. ^ Lewis, Anthony (December 2, 1971). "Commons Accepts Rhodesia Accord— Approves Home's Effort on Ending Rift With Smith". The New York Times. p. 1.
  3. ^ "Cambodia's Drive Collapses in Face of Enemy Attack— Half of 20,000-Man Force is Termed All but Wrecked as a Fighting Unit". The New York Times. December 3, 1971. p. 1.
  4. ^ "An Arab State Is Born Amid Persian Gulf Unrest", The New York Times, December 3, 1971, p. 12
  5. ^ "Soviet Says Mars Signal Lasted 20 Seconds", The New York Times, December 20, 1971, p. 20
  6. ^ "Coal Mine Explosion Kills 40 on Taiwan", The New York Times, December 3, 1971, p. 3
  7. ^ "Allende Decrees Emergency Rule as Riots Continue— General in Control of Public Order in Chile's Capital", The New York Times, December 3, 1971, p. 1
  8. ^ "Copter Search for Two Missing on Icy Slopes", The Age (Melbourne), December 2, 1971, p. 1
  9. ^ "Death fall as lost man signals 'copter", The Age (Melbourne), December 3, 1971, p. 3
  10. ^ "He Dies Waving to Rescuer", The New York Times, December 3, 1971, p. 15
  11. ^ "Fred Van Deventer Dead at 67; Originated Radio '20 Questions'", The New York Times, December 4, 1971, p. 34
  12. ^ "India Reports a Full-Scale War Has Been Started by Pakistan; Both Charge Incursions in West". The New York Times. December 4, 1971. p. 1.
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  16. ^ "King of Zulus Confirmed". Miami Herald. December 6, 1971. p. 13-A.
  17. ^ "U.S. and Canada in Pact on Hijackers". The New York Times. December 4, 1971. p. 14.
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  20. ^ "Each Side Blaming the Other For Ulster Bombing Fatal to 15". The New York Times. December 6, 1971. p. 4.
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  30. ^ "Senate Confirms Powell by 89 to 1 for Black's Seat", by Fred P. Graham, The New York Times, December 7, 1971, p. 1
  31. ^ "Libya Seizes British Oil Concern, Charging a London Conspiracy in Iran's Occupation of 3 Islands", by Raymond H. Anderson, The New York Times, December 8, 1971, p. 11
  32. ^ "5 in Jersey Family Slain; Husband Sought", by Richard J. H. Johnston, The New York Times, December 8, 1971, p. 1
  33. ^ "18-year-old murder case resolved— TV tip leads to arrest", by Steve Chambers, Asbury Park (NJ) Press, June 2, 1989, p. 1
  34. ^ "Thieu Bids Farewell To Australian Troops", The New York Times, December 9, 1971, p. 4
  35. ^ "Belfast Gunman Kills a Part-Time Soldier Before Children's Eyes", The New York Times, December 10, 1971, p. 11
  36. ^ "Death Toll of 300 Feared In Orphanage in Pakistan", The New York Times, December 10, 1971, p. 1
  37. ^ "Dr. Bunche of U.N., Nobel Winner, Dies", The New York Times, December 10, 1971, p. 1
  38. ^ "Rehnquist Confirmed by Senate, 68-26", The New York Times, December 11, 1971, p. 1
  39. ^ "17 Workers Dead in Michigan Blast; 22 Escape in Explosion in Water Tunnel Being Built Under Lake Huron", The New York Times, December 12, 1971, p. 1
  40. ^ "Indians Closer to Dacca, Land Paratroop Brigade; Report 3,000 Prisoners, by Charles Mohr, The New York Times, December 12, 1971, p. 1
  41. ^ "Turkey's Premier Forms Government, Says Crisis Is Over", The New York Times, December 12, 1971, p. 11
  42. ^ "1971-2001: The Libertarian Party's 30th Anniversary Year— Remembering the first three decades of America's "Party of Principle", by Bill Winter, Libertarian Party website]
  43. ^ "Gierek Puts Four Younger Men on Polish Politburo", The New York Times, December 12, 1971, p. 2
  44. ^ "Soviet Finishes Big Siberia Plant— Power Unit on the Yenisei Called World's Largest", by Theodore Shabad, The New York Times, December 13, 1971, p. 6
  45. ^ "David Sarnoff of RCA Is Dead; Visionary Broadcast Pioneer", The New York Times, December 13, 1971, p. 1
  46. ^ "Rightist Ulster Senator Slain by Gunmen in Home", The New York Times, December 13, 1971, p. 1
  47. ^ "I.R.A. Concedes Killing Ulster Senator", The New York Times, December 14, 1971, p. 3
  48. ^ "Chinese Release Fectau but Keep Downey in Prison", The New York Times, December 13, 1971, p. 1
  49. ^ "Nixon Made Appeal To china to Release American Captives", The New York Times, December 14, 1971, p. 1
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  55. ^ "Federal Judge Kerner Indicted On Bribe, Perjury, Tax Charges", The New York Times, by Seth S. King, December 16, 1971, p. 1
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  77. ^ "Chile politician is stricken, dies", Wilmington (DE) Morning News, December 22, 1971, p. 51
  78. ^ attribution: Spaarnestad Photo
  79. ^ attribution: pressapochista
  80. ^ "Security Council Names Waldheim to Succeed Thant", by Henry Tanner, The New York Times, December 22, 1971, p. 1
  81. ^ "28 Killed in Crash of Airliner in Sofia", The New York Times, December 23, 1971, p. 9
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  84. ^ "Monday, December 21: Happy Birthday Brett Scallions of Fuel". 21 December 2015.
  85. ^ "Sheik Mujib Moved From Prison to House Arrest", The New York Times, December 23, 1971, p. 8
  86. ^ "India Links World Recognition Of Bangladesh to Troop Pullout", The New York Times, December 23, 1971, p. 8
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  89. ^ "Plane With 92 Lost On Peruvian Flight", The New York Times, December 26, 1971, p. 1
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  93. ^ "141 Die in Seoul as Hotel Burns", The New York Times, December 26, 1971, p. 5
  94. ^ "82 Mintuees to Victory: In the Long Run, Dolphins Win by a Toe", by Edwin Pope, Miami Herald, December 26, 1971, p. 1
  95. ^ "Jesse Jackson PUSHes Start Of New Operation", Sacramento (CA) Bee, December 26, 1971, p. A6
  96. ^ "Christmas gift for Trudeaus: a 6 lb. 9 oz. boy", Montreal Gazette, December 27, 1971, p. 1
  97. ^ "Rep. George Andrews, Dixie Democrat, Dies", Los Angeles Times, December 26, 1971, p. B-8
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  105. ^ "Irvine Timeline 1971-2016", City of Irvine website
  106. ^ "British Announce Pullout In Dispute on Malta Bases", by Anthony Lewis, The New York Times, December 30, 1971, p. 1
  107. ^ "Leone Installed As Italy's Head", The New York Times, December 30, 1971, p. 6
  108. ^ "Harlan Dies at 72; On Court 16 Years", by Lesley Delsner, The New York Times, December 30, 1971, p. 1
  109. ^ "Catholic-Anglican Dispute Over Communion Is Ended", by Edward B. Fiske, The New York Times, December 31, 1971, p. 1
  110. ^ "Pete Duel, TV Star, Found Shot To Death", Charlotte (NC) Observer, January 1, 1972, p. 1
  111. ^ "TV's Pete Duel Found Shot; Suicide 'Probable'— 'Alias Smith' Star Killed With Own Gun, Police Report", by Doug Shuit, Los Angeles Times, January 1, 1972, p. I-5
  112. ISBN 978-0-7864-3062-8
    .
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