Degrassi Junior High
Degrassi Junior High | |
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Teen drama[1] | |
Created by | |
Written by |
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Starring | See list of characters |
Theme music composer | Wendy Watson |
Composers |
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Country of origin | Canada |
Original language | English |
No. of seasons | 3 |
No. of episodes | 42 ( list of episodes ) |
Production | |
Executive producer | Kate Taylor |
Producers |
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Production locations | Toronto, Canada |
Running time | 30 minutes (including commercials)[2] |
Production company | Playing With Time, Inc. |
Original release | |
Network |
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Release | 18 January 1987 27 February 1989 | –
Related | |
Degrassi Junior High is a Canadian television series created by
The series was developed by Hood and Schuyler in response to what they perceived to be a lack of proper educational programming targeted toward teenagers. It centres on an
Initially a modest commercial success, it received glowing reviews from critics who hailed it as a superior alternative to American teen media. In late 1987, it was moved to a prime-time slot and subsequently became the top-rated domestic drama series in Canada, averaging over a million viewers a week; in 1988, the series won four Gemini Awards. Cast members drew a fanaticism likened to Beatlemania. It was broadcast and later syndicated in nearly a hundred countries, with considerable overseas success in Australia. Several episodes were withheld by the BBC, who later dropped the show altogether.
The show experienced renewed interest in the 1990s due to re-runs and syndication, resulting in the proliferation of an online fandom. This resurgence, coupled with a televised reunion on the CBC's Jonovision in 1999, led to its revival as Degrassi: The Next Generation (2001–15), where several original characters returned in recurring adult roles. In 2017, the series was named by the Toronto International Film Festival as one of Canada's most significant contributions to the cinematic landscape.
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Main series
Television movies
Other series
Episodes
Characters
Novelizations
Creative personnel
Related
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Premise
The show centred around an ethnically and economically diverse group of students from East End
Each episode would begin with a 30–60-second
The first two seasons span an entire year, with some characters in Grade 7, and others in Grade 8.[10] For the third season, Grade 9, which is typically the first year of high school in Canada,[11] was added to the junior high school as a creative decision.[12] In the third season, which is set the year after the first two seasons, the Grade 9 students attend a nearby high school part-time, and new Grade 7 characters are introduced.[12]
In the series finale, the Degrassi Junior High School building is destroyed by a fire started by a faulty boiler, during a school dance.[13][14]
Cast
Repertory company
Degrassi Junior High did not have a fixed cast. In 1976, Ontario schoolteacher Linda Schuyler, an aspiring filmmaker, and her partner Kit Hood, an editor, founded the company Primary and secondary characters
Teachers and other adults
Development
Concept
In January 1984, Linda Schuyler told the Toronto Star that they were "planning another series, Degrassi Junior High, and we're starting with the idea of doing 26 episodes. There's no such school, but who cares? We're negotiating seriously with CBC."[43] In November 1985, she again told the Toronto Star that they would "launch a new series in about one year – Degrassi Junior High. The very last segment [of the series] shows the kids graduating. Where are they going? Degrassi Junior High!".[44] The show was not a direct sequel, but instead a spinoff of the previous series.[45] To help with the development, Schuyler hired a young writer named Avrum Jacobson.[46] Schuyler explained to Jacobson that she was looking for a school version of Hill Street Blues, of which she "loved the intertwined storylines, some of which were resolved at the end of an episode and others which carried on to the next. I loved the moral dilemmas characters faced, often pitting 'what’s right' against 'what works'".[46] Development of Degrassi Junior High commenced in early 1986.[47][48]
Casting
Degrassi Junior High is noted for casting actors similar in age to their characters, as opposed to the practice of casting young adults in teenage roles commonly observed in media. Brodie Lancaster of the Sydney Morning Herald stated that this was a "rare occurrence in the genre" of teen drama.[49] Schuyler has spoken of the inauthenticity of this practice on multiple occasions; during Degrassi Junior High's development in 1986, she told the Toronto Star about how "so much of the American stuff set in high schools is played by late teens and early 20s – and then some".[48] In 2016, she further elaborated to IndieWire: "I like to talk about the fact that you can take a 25-year-old who looks 15 and have them play a role, but that actor is bringing 10 more years of life experience to that role. By having our cast be age-appropriate, they bring the freshness and the authenticity of that age."[50]
During the development stage, Schuyler and Hood held a "pow-wow" with the cast of The Kids of Degrassi Street at the Playing With Time offices and offered them a choice between retaining their original characters, or auditioning for new characters.[51] According to Kit Hood, the kids "wanted to leave behind the baggage, personalities and families of where they'd been"[51] and decided to play new characters instead.[51] Many of the actors who were regulars on Degrassi Street at this time, including Anais Granofsky, Neil Hope, and Stacie Mistysyn, returned in new roles.[52][5]
Auditions took place throughout schools in Toronto; an estimated 300 kids auditioned and fifty-four were selected. Pat Mastroianni, who played Joey Jeremiah, was the first to audition. These actors constituted the Playing With Time Repertory Company (referred to by Kathryn Ellis as "the Repco"[17]). The actors underwent a three-week acting workshop from 26 May to 13 June 1986,[53] which taught them basic acting techniques.[6] These workshops were repeated annually before the filming of each season, as new actors joined, and established actors took advanced workshops.[17] Characters would be developed based on the strengths of the actors, and those who did exceptionally well would have their roles expanded upon. The idea of the repertory company meant that there was no bias towards a particular set of actors on screen; major characters could be background extras in one episode, as minor characters could get a major role or focus, a practice rare in television.[15] The actors would also earn school credits for being in the repertory company.[15] The actors were required to avoid missing more than eight days of their real school,[15] but those with prominent roles usually missed three to four days a week.[54] A tutor was used on set to help the actors with their studies.[54] On set, the teenage actors would also usually run errands, including washing dishes and moving sandbags.[55]
Production and filming
Following the first
The series was filmed entirely on-location throughout the
Makeup and wardrobe
In an unconventional practice for television, Degrassi Junior High did not have a makeup and wardrobe department.
Opening sequence
The "documentary-style"[77] opening sequence follows the show's 30–60-second cold open.[9] The sequence begins with a stop-motion live-action scene of a person picking up a group of textbooks, labeled "History", "Geography", "Math" and "English", and walking away.[78] It mostly consists of scenes from various episodes of the characters in and around the school, juxtaposed with images of students with blackboard-esque transitions.[79][77] The opening sequence does not credit the cast members.[77] Kelley criticised this: "The opening needs to be a little cheat sheet to all of them. Give us a little clue to their personality. Here we’ve just got some random smiling and a set of twins that are ALWAYS in the same shot together."[80]
Theme song and music
Wendy Watson and Lewis Manne, composers of the music to The Kids Of Degrassi Street, composed, arranged and performed all of the original music for Degrassi Junior High, including its theme song, which was sung by Watson.[81] The theme is composed in C major and is driven by synthesizers and guitars. It begins with a pessimistic tone, with the narrator feeling uncertain about going to school.[82] The lyrics turn optimistic as the narrator notices "that someone is smiling right at me".[82] It concludes with the lyrics "Everybody can succeed, all you need is to believe/Be honest with yourself, forget your fears and doubts/Come on give us a try at Degrassi Junior High!".[83][80]
Anne Weiss of Cinema Canada magazine described the theme song as having a "chirpy, almost inane melody".[79] Shamus Kelley of Den of Geek called it "inspirational",[80] opining: "It’s where the song shifts from talking about what’s going to happen at Degrassi and focuses on you. Come on, you can do it. This show will give you all the tools you need. Come on; sit down with us for half an hour so we can show you why getting pregnant in middle school is a SUPER drag. For a show that’s all about slice of life and dealing with big problems, it’s perfect."[80] An instrumental variation of the opening theme is used in the end credits, and it was later reworked for Degrassi High.[81][80] Watson and Manne recorded the show's incidental and diegetic music using a drums, bass, guitar and keyboard arrangement.[81] Songs by various Canadian recording artists, including Watson and Manne's own music, were used in the background of school dances and on radios.[81]
A frequent plot point in the series concerns
Episodes
Degrassi Between Takes
Degrassi Between Takes is a half-hour documentary special that aired on 30 October 1989, a week before the premiere of the sequel series Degrassi High, on CBC.[93][94] The documentary is a behind-the-scenes look at Degrassi Junior High, shot during the show's third season and narrated by Peter Gzowski.[95] The special focuses on the development and impact of the series, with footage of the cast at the Gemini Awards, working on set, socializing in public and on publicity tours.[96]
Release
Original broadcast run
The series premiered on CBC on 18 January 1987[97][98] and concluded after three seasons and 42 episodes on 27 February 1989.[92] It originally ran on Sundays at 5:00 p.m. Starting from its second season, due to a budget squeeze, it was then moved to Monday nights at 7:30 p.m,[99] and then later by then-new CBC programming chief Ivan Fecan, a supporter of the show,[100][101] to primetime at 8:30 p.m,[102] between the popular American series Kate & Allie and Newhart.[103] Fecan viewed Degrassi Junior High as a standard for Canadian television writers; in 1988, he stated that there was "nothing bogus about that show", and that he wished that he had "20 more shows like it".[104] When Fecan called Schuyler to inform her of the move, she reportedly disagreed,[105] feeling that the series wasn't ready for prime time.[105] She eventually agreed to the decision,[105] under the condition that if the move was unsuccessful, the series wouldn't be cancelled and instead be moved back to its original timeslot.[105] Following its move to prime time, the viewership increased 40 percent.[106]
In the United States, the
By November 1988, Degrassi Junior High was being shown in over forty countries, including Australia,
In France, Junior High and High were aired under the banner
Re-runs and syndication
In Canada, the series re-ran on CBC starting from summer 1991.
Novel adaptations
Starting from 1988, a series of mass-market paperback novelizations were released by James Lorimer & Co.[135][136] The books would often centre on a particular character on the show and expanded upon storylines from the series, although the novel Exit Stage Left, which centres around various students as they organize a school play, is original.[137] A thirteenth book, based on the characters Arthur Kobalewscuy and Yick Yu and written by Kathryn Ellis, remains unreleased.[138]
The books were also published in other places; in Australia, they were published by
Home media and streaming
The series has seen multiple home video releases as well as releases to streaming. In the United States, the series is distributed on home video by WGBH Boston Home Video, who released a twenty-one volume VHS boxset in 2000.[140][141] WGBH would later release it on DVD in Region 1 in 2005.[142][143] Each season was released separately followed by a complete 9-disc boxset.[144] The 2005 WGBH box set,[145] as well as the individual sets, include various special features, including the Degrassi Talks series, the 1989 Degrassi Between Takes documentary, printable materials, wallpapers, and a pop quiz.[146][143]
In Region 4, the show's home media releases are distributed by
In July 2023, Degrassi Junior High was made available on Amazon Prime Video in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.[151]
Season | Set details | DVD release dates | Special features | ||
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Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 4 | |||
Degrassi Junior High: Season One |
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1 February 2005 [152] |
30 April 2007 [153][154] |
1 October 2005 [155][156] |
Region 1:
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Degrassi Junior High: Season Two |
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7 June 2005 [157][158] |
1 October 2005 [159] |
Region 1:
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Degrassi Junior High: Season Three |
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27 September 2005 [160][161] |
1 October 2005 [162][163] |
Region 1:
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The Complete Collection/Series |
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25 October 2005 [164] 11 October 2016 |
Special features from individual sets | ||
The Complete Degrassi High (Degrassi High & Degrassi Junior High) |
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2 November 2016 [166] |
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Reception and impact
Contemporary critical reception
I’ve watched four episodes, and though they vary in quality and texture from knock-you-over-the-head-bluntness to subtle sensitivity, they’re always earnest and well-intentioned.
Best perhaps, they avoid being glib, reflexive and simplistic. They show life is not black and white, but shades of gray, that it’s full of choices and that growing up means making those choices and finding that there are no easy answers to eternal questions.
Steve Sonsky, Miami Herald, 3 Oct 1987.[167]
Degrassi Junior High was immediately acclaimed by most critics upon release. Favourable reviews regularly came from the
Critics commonly viewed it as a superior alternative to other television programs, particularly American shows, that were more heavy-handed and moralistic in their portrayals of adolescent issues. Robert James of the Times Colonist stated: "Unlike the wholesome role models that populate most TV series in the increasingly conservative '80s, these teenagers often learn from their own mistakes."[175] Writing for the Edmonton Journal, Bob Remington felt Degrassi Junior High was an exception to "unrealistically antiseptic" television series such as The Cosby Show and Our House.[176] Dave Rhein, in a review for wire service Gannett, declared it to be a "diamond in the rough, that puts to shame commercial network efforts to create a show aimed at teenagers".[177]
Praise was also given to the show's technical aspects; Anne Weiss of
Although more of a low-key affair in the United States,
Television ratings
By 1988, Degrassi Junior High was the highest-rated drama show in Canada.[109] It frequently exceeded a million viewers per week; in her memoir, Schuyler stated that at the time, "a show in Canada (population of 27 million) was considered very successful if it broke through the one million mark".[180] By season 2, Degrassi Junior High was receiving an average of 1.4 million viewers with a peak of 1.9 million.[181][182] At the end of season 2 in April 1988, Toronto Star's Jim Bawden reported that its viewership "hovered around 1.2 million a week, one of the brightest spots on Canadian TV".[183] The season 3 premiere drew 1.7 million viewers, which accounted for 21 percent of the entire audience during that slot.[181][184]
In the United Kingdom, where several episodes drew controversy and weren't aired in its regular slot, the series amassed six million viewers, making it the highest-rated children's program at the time.[185]
Promotion and fan reaction
In Canada, the series became a cultural phenomenon, and turned its cast members into national celebrities,[54] who drew a fanaticism likened to Beatlemania.[109] They made numerous publicity trips around North America and in Europe to promote the show.[186] They were accompanied by publicist Kathryn Ellis. When travelling by plane, one of the actors would be in charge of checking the others through the airport. They were warmly received in other places and participated in cultural activities.[186] According to Ellis, the cast members frequently visited Halifax.[186] Cast members also participated in local public service events; for instance, Bill Parrott, who played Shane McKay, co-hosted the launch of the Kids Help Phone hotline in Toronto.[187] They also participated in meet-and-greets and book signings.
Some actors from the series were frequently conflated with their characters. Amanda Stepto, who played teenage mother Spike, was often sent baby products by fans who genuinely believed that she was pregnant.[188] Kit Hood stated in Degrassi Between Takes of his concern that "the audience sometimes expects the kids to have knowledge about their characters that they don't have in real life".[189] Despite their international fame, many of the actors' teachers and parents were not perturbed by this.[54] Pat Mastroianni recalled that his geography teacher gave him a low grade despite succeeding in other subjects; Rebecca Haines recalled her parents threatening to remove her from the show if her grades were low enough.[54] Speaking to the Edmonton Journal, Haines stated: "Some teachers can be jerks about it. [...] When you get home at eight at night, after working all day, you don't feel like writing an essay".[54]
In 1989, UNICEF Canada entered a partnership with Degrassi Junior High, and the entire cast were made UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors. The cast members would make various appearances and appear in several public service announcements.[190] Pat Mastroianni and Amanda Stepto flew to New York City to tour the Headquarters of the United Nations and meet other ambassadors.[191] That same year, coinciding with the declaration of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a ten-minute video called The Degrassi Kids Rap On Rights was distributed to schools nationwide.[192] The video, narrated by Amanda Stepto,[193] focused on the impending ratification of the Convention and highlighted the childhood experiences of several cast members in refugee camps and natural disasters.[194]
Use in schools
The series was often shown in schools as part of health and sex education curricula.[195][196][197] Educational materials relating to the series were released by WGBH in the United States during its original run, including discussion & activity guides.[198][199] 25,000 copies of the Degrassi Junior High Discussion and Activity Guide were distributed to educators.[197] In 1989, ten schools in Omaha, Nebraska were reported as using the first season of the series in their seventh and eighth grade human growth and development curriculum.[200]
Awards and nominations
Degrassi Junior High won thirty-seven awards,
Out of the eight Gemini Awards won by the series, including one won in 1987 for Best Children's Series,[210] it won four in 1988, including Best Continuing Dramatic Series, and Best Direction in a Dramatic Comedy Series for Kit Hood. When one award was announced, thirty four cast members took the stage.[184] Furthermore, actors Pat Mastroianni and Stacie Mistysyn won the Best Leading Actor and Best Leading Actress in a Dramatic Role awards in 1988 and 1989 respectively.[211][212] Mastroianni's win in particular was considered an upset, as he had beaten several established Canadian actors such as Scott Hylands and Donnelly Rhodes.[213][212] Nineteen members of the cast, including Mastroianni, Mistysyn, Amanda Stepto, Stefan Brogren and Neil Hope were nominated for the Young Artist Award for Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in 1990, but lost to A Mother's Courage: The Mary Thomas Story.[214]
Legacy and influence
Retrospective assessments
Degrassi Junior High is regarded as one of Canada's greatest television achievements.[215][216] In 2017, the series was named by the Toronto International Film Festival as one of Canada's 150 most significant contributions to the cinematic landscape.[217] The series is also credited with establishing the overall popularity and longevity of the Degrassi franchise.[218] The series has continued to receive critical acclaim. Ian Warden of The Canberra Times, speaking of its continued re-runs on the ABC in Australia, asserted in 1995 that it was "perhaps the best sustained piece of children's television drama ever made".[129] In 2000, Leah McLaren of The Globe and Mail recalled having disliked the series with her friends as a teenager, before later appreciating the "raw beauty" of the series as an adult. In addition, McLaren called it "way ahead of its time, both aesthetically and conceptually".[169] Ottawa Citizen critic Tony Atherton, in a mixed review of the premiere episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation, made numerous comparisons between the characters of the older and newer series, and felt that due to the "deluge of teen dramas since". Next Generation would not make the same impact as the "groundbreaking" original series.[1]
Reviewing the DVD release of its first season in 2007, Andrew Mickel of Den of Geek felt the show still held up twenty years after its debut, and stated that its "real strength" is that "it is massively unfair, and the moral lessons aren’t hammered into each episode with a patronising mallet".[219] He further elaborated that even though Degrassi: The Next Generation "still tries to do the hard-hitting stuff",[219] he felt Degrassi Junior High was "much more of a labour of love"[219] because of the lengths the production crew went to produce it the first time around.[219] Exclaim!'s Noel Dix, also reviewing the DVD release, remarked: "Even to this day most shows geared towards teenagers would rather deal with absurd and unrealistic scenarios for sensationalistic results than deal with problems their viewers may experience", and that "instead of it feeling like a stuffy educational show, Degrassi felt warm because its characters were real, awkward and somewhat unattractive, just like real high school!"[215] In 2016, David Berry of the National Post noted the difference between the show and the "slicker" Next Generation, saying that it was "like someone snuck a piece of avant-garde socialist realism onto mainstream network airwaves".[220] In 2023, Denis Grignon of the Toronto Star wrote that having rewatched the series, he "expected a pleasant, but outdated, TV time capsule, and was pleasantly surprised that it was easy to look past the mullets, hairspray and phones fixed to kitchen walls to observe themes I now witness as an occasional high school supply teacher."[221]
Influence on the teen drama genre
One of the first drama series in Canada to exclusively target teenage audiences,[222] Degrassi Junior High has been described as an early teen drama and an influence on later and better-known series such as Beverly Hills, 90210, of which Degrassi Junior High is frequently compared to.[223][169][224] Michelle Byers, editor of Growing Up Degrassi, writes that while generally unacknowledged in most discussions about teen drama,[3] Degrassi Junior High was a progenitor of the genre.[3] According to the book The Greatest Cult Television Shows of All Time, the series was a trailblazer for future teen-oriented drama series "mainly because it understood teenage culture better than almost any other show produced before or since".[225]
A popular urban legend, which reportedly originated on the 1999 Jonovision cast reunion special,[220] states that American producer Aaron Spelling unsuccessfully tried to adapt the series for an American audience, which led to the development of Beverly Hills, 90210.[226] Both Linda Schuyler[227] and Kit Hood have denied this.[228] The Guardian's Sarah Hughes suggested that Beverly Hills, 90210 was "Spelling's answer" to Degrassi Junior High.[229] Writing about the death of actor Neil Hope, the New York Times's Paul Vitello said the show anticipated Beverly Hills 90210 as well as the MTV's The Real World.[223] It has also been named as an influence on Dawson's Creek, 7th Heaven, and Felicity.[230] There have academic studies on the comparisons between Degrassi Junior High and American teen drama series.[77][231][232]
In popular culture
American filmmaker Kevin Smith was a particular fan of Degrassi Junior High, having discovered it while working at a convenience store in New Jersey, and acknowledged an infatuation with Stacie Mistysyn and her character Caitlin Ryan.[233] Smith wrote a piece about his enthusiasm for the series for Details magazine in November 1996, where it is claimed that he spent $3,000 on the series on home video.[234] Smith has referenced the series several times in his work, including Clerks, which features a character named Caitlin Bree, and Chasing Amy.[235][236]
He wanted Mistysyn to appear in Mallrats, but Universal Pictures wanted a better-known actress and vetoed him. As a compromise, Shannen Doherty, who was cast in the role Smith wanted for Mistysyn, is seen wearing a Degrassi jacket in the film.[75][237] Smith, along with Jason Mewes, guest-starred on and wrote several episodes of Degrassi: The Next Generation, in which they play fictional versions of themselves filming a Jay and Silent Bob movie at the school. Smith later wrote the introduction to The Official 411: Degrassi Generations by Kathryn Ellis.[233]
Cult following
Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High developed a significant cult following after their initial broadcast. The 1990s saw the proliferation of an online fandom, which took form on a network of fanmade websites. One of these sites, Degrassi Online, maintained by University of Waterloo student Mark Aaron Polger, was particularly comprehensive, hosting multimedia and a collection of user-submitted fanfiction. Epitome Pictures, who were now handling the Degrassi series, sent Polger a draft statement of claim in December 2000, claiming he was confusing the public with his website.[238] After he sent a press release to several media outlets and garnered the support of other fans, Epitome withdrew the claim.[238] Polger criticised Epitome Pictures for showing a lack of gratitude for the online community's impact on the show's continued success.[239] In 1996, Sharon Mulholland created the website Degrassi Update,[239] which listed public sightings of cast members from the show.[240]
On 24 August 1999, several fans hosted a small reunion event at the Centennial College where Degrassi High was filmed,[238] and the cast reunited on the CBC youth show Jonovision, hosted by Jonathan Torrens, on 24–25 December 1999.[241][242] With people from as far as San Francisco attending the taping, it became Jonovision's highest-rated episode[241] and is now regarded as a catalyst for the development of the revival Degrassi: The Next Generation.[243][244] Pat Mastroianni, who had spent most of the 2010s appearing at fan conventions across Canada,[245] later organized Degrassi Palooza, a convention celebrating the legacy of the 1980s Degrassi series and featuring a reunion of 26 cast and crew members, at the Westin Toronto Airport Hotel in mid-June 2019.[246][247]
See also
- The Kids Of Degrassi Street— predecessor to Degrassi Junior High featuring some of its actors in different roles
- Degrassi High — sequel series of Degrassi Junior High, following the same characters in high school
- Degrassi: The Next Generation — 2001 reboot of the series, featuring several characters from Degrassi Junior High as adults/
References
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- ^ "Cable Listings". The Indianapolis Star. 18 September 1988. p. 204. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ a b c Byers 2007, pp. 261–262
- ^ "Degrassi.tv". degrassi.tv. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Burns, John (5 February 1989). "'Degrassi': A Series For Children That Goes for the Gut". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ a b c Posesorski, Sherie (17 January 1987). "No glib one-liners in Degrassi Jr. High". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Bayin, Anne (30 October 1989). Degrassi Between Takes (Television production). Canada: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Event occurs at 21:30–21:38.
- ^ Bayin, Anne (30 October 1989). Degrassi Between Takes (Television production). Canada: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Event occurs at 19:36–19:42.
- ^ a b c d e f Ellis 2005, pp. 22
- ^ Ellis 2005, pp. 167
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- ^ a b Ellis 2005, pp. 164
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- ^ Ellis 2005, pp. 8–10
- ^ Adilman, Sid (29 January 1984). "Local kids to star in Britain". The Toronto Star. p. 82. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
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- ^ a b Schuyler 2022, pp. 78
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Works cited
- Byers, Michelle (30 December 2007). "Degrassi". In Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (eds.). Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 261–262. ISBN 9780313084447.
- Ellis, Kathryn (2005). The official 411 Degrassi generations. Fenn Pub. Co. OCLC 59136593.
- Hamburg, David A.; Hamburg, Beatrix A. (2004). Learning to live together : preventing hatred and violence in child and adolescent development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 58992746.
- Kenter, Peter (2001). TV North : everything you wanted to know about Canadian television. Vancouver: Whitecap. p. 39. OCLC 45190705.
- Olson, Christopher J.; Reinhard, CarrieLynn D. (2020). The Greatest Cult Television Shows of All Time. ISBN 9781538122563.
- Schuyler, Linda (15 November 2022). The Mother Of All Degrassi: A Memoir. OCLC 1309065167.
- Stohn, Stephen (2018). Whatever it takes : life lessons from Degrassi and elsewhere in the world of music and television. Christopher Ward. Toronto: Dundurn. OCLC 1022792148.
Further reading
- Byers, Michelle. Growing up Degrassi: Television, identity and youth cultures. Sumach Press. OCLC 757048732.