Deinococcota
| Deinococcota | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Subkingdom: | Negibacteria |
| Phylum: | Deinococcota Weisburg et al. 2021[2] |
| Class: | Deinococci Garrity and Holt 2002[1] |
| Orders & families | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Deinococcota (synonym, Deinococcus-Thermus) is a
extremophiles.[4]
These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them
Taxonomy
The phylum Deinococcota consists of a single class (Deinococci) and two orders:
- The Deinococcaceae and Trueperaceae), with three genera, Deinococcus, Deinobacterium and Truepera.[8][9][10] Truepera radiovictrix is the earliest diverging member of the order.[8] Within the order, Deinococcus forms a distinct monophyletic cluster with respect to Deinobacterium and Truepera species.[11] The genus includes several species that are resistant to radiation; they have become famous for their ability to eat nuclear waste and other toxic materials, survive in the vacuum of space and survive extremes of heat and cold.[12]
- The Thermales, Meiothermus and Thermus species form a monophyletic cluster, with respect to Marinithermus, Oceanithermus, Vulcanithermus and Rhabdothermus that branch as outgroups within the order.[11] This suggests that Meiothermus and Thermus species are more closely related to one another relative to other genera within the order. Thermus aquaticus was important in the development of the polymerase chain reaction where repeated cycles of heating DNA to near boiling make it advantageous to use a thermo-stable DNA polymerase enzyme.[14]
Though these two groups evolved from a common ancestor, the two mechanisms of resistance appear to be largely independent.[11][15]
Molecular signatures
Molecular signatures in the form of
Deinococcales species may be associated with radioresistance.[17] Two CSPs that were found uniquely for all members belonging to the Deinococcus genus are well characterized and are thought to play a role in their characteristic radioresistant phenotype.[11]
These CSPs include the DNA damage repair protein PprA the single-stranded DNA-binding protein DdrB.
Additionally, some genera within this group, including Deinococcus, Thermus, and Meiothermus, also have molecular signatures that demarcate them as individual genera, inclusive of their respective species, providing a means to distinguish them from the rest of the group and all other bacteria.[11] CSIs have also been found specific for Truepera radiovictrix .
Phylogeny
 | This section may be too technical for most readers to understand. (January 2024) |
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Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[24] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[25]
- Phylum Deinococcota Oren and Garrity 2021
- Class Deinococci Garrity & Holt 2002 ["Deinococcia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020; "Thermi" Rinke et al. 2013; "Thermia" Cavalier-Smith 2020]
- Order DeinococcalesRainey et al. 1997 [Trueperales García-López et al. 2020]
- Family DeinococcaceaeBrooks and Murray 1981 emend. Rainey et al. 1997
- Genus Deinococcus Brooks and Murray 1981 emend. Rainey et al. 1997
- Genus Deinobacterium Ekman et al. 2011
- Family Trueperaceae Rainey et al. 2005
- Genus Truepera da Costa, Rainey and Albuquerque 2005
- Family
- Order ThermalesRainey and Da Costa 2002
- Family Thermaceae Da Costa and Rainey 2002
- Genus Allomeiothermus Jiao et al. 2023
- Genus Calidithermus Raposo et al. 2019
- Genus Marinithermus Sako et al. 2003
- Genus Meiothermus Nobre et al. 1996 emend. Albuquerque et al. 2009
- Genus Oceanithermus Miroshnichenko et al. 2003 emend. Mori et al. 2004
- Genus Rhabdothermus Steinsbu et al. 2011
- Genus Thermus Brock and Freeze 1969 emend. Nobre et al. 1996
- Genus Vulcanithermus Miroshnichenko et al. 2003
- Family Thermaceae Da Costa and Rainey 2002
- Order
- Class Deinococci Garrity & Holt 2002 ["Deinococcia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020; "Thermi" Rinke et al. 2013; "Thermia" Cavalier-Smith 2020]
Sequenced genomes
Currently there are 10 sequenced genomes of strains in this phylum.[26]
- Deinococcus radiodurans R1
- Thermus thermophilus HB27
- Thermus thermophilus HB8
- Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300
- Deinococcus deserti VCD115
- Meiothermus ruber DSM 1279
- Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946
- Truepera radiovictrix DSM 17093
- Oceanithermus profundus DSM 14977
The two Meiothermus species were sequenced under the auspices of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project (GEBA), which aims at sequencing organisms based on phylogenetic novelty and not on pathogenicity or notoriety.[27]
See also
References
- ^ Garrity GM, Holt JG. (2001). "The Road Map to the Manual". In Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM. (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. pp. 119–166.
- S2CID 239887308.
- PMID 16834776.
- ^ PMID 18076002. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-06-14.
- PMID 21717204.
- S2CID 10721294.
- PMID 20637628.
- ^ PMID 15927420.
- ^ a b Garrity GM, Holt JG. (2001) Phylum BIV. "Deinococcus–Thermus". In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 395-420. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-: New York.
- ^ a b Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn TG. (2005) Phylum BIV. The revised road map to the Manual. In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 159-220. Eds Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Springer-: New York.
- ^ PMID 27506333.
- PMID 10470044.
- ^ "Classification of bacteria". www.bacterio.cict.fr. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27.
- PMID 2530914.
- PMID 16242020.
- S2CID 15695915.
- 'PMID 15454524.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Deinococcota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Deinococcus-Thermus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
- ^ "Microbial Genomes".
- PMID 20033048.
