Deir Hanna

Deir Hanna

דֵיר חַנָּא‎
دير حنا
Deir Hanna דֵיר חַנָּא‎; دير حنا;
Local council (from 1975)
Hebrew transcription(s)
• ISO 259	Deir Ḥannaˀ
• Also spelled	Deir Hana (official); Dayr Hanna (unofficial)
	Deir Hanna Deir Hanna
	Coordinates: 32°51′45″N 35°22′16″E / 32.86250°N 35.37111°E
Grid position	184/252 PAL
District	Northern
Government
• Head of Municipality	Saied Hussein
Area
• Total	7,500 dunams (7.5 km2 or 2.9 sq mi)
Population (2022)
• Total	10,747
• Density	1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
Name meaning	The Convent of St. John

Deir Hanna (

Arab-Muslims and the remaining 10% are Arab-Christians.^[3]

Etymology

In Arabic, "Deir" is a convent or monastery. "Deir Hanna" means “the Convent of St. John”.^[4]^[5]^[2]

History

Some scholars identify Deir Hanna with the ancient Jewish town of Kfar Yochana (Hebrew: כפר יוחנא; alternatively spelled as Kfar Yohanan, Kfar Hanun, Kfar Hanina, Kfar Hana, Kfar Hanan, Kfar Hanin). The town held significance as a center of rabbinic learning, being the home of numerous sages.^[6] Kfar Yochana was the seat of Jachin, a priestly family, following the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD.^[7]

Crusaders

In the

casalia (villages) given to Phillipe le Rous.^[9] In 1236 descendants of Phillipe le Rous confirmed the sale of the fief of Deir Henna.^[10] According to architectural researcher Andrew Petersen, no traces of Crusader occupation were found in the village.^[11]

Ottoman Empire

Remains of Zaydani mosque and fortress of Deir Hanna, built by Sa'd el-Omar, brother of Zahir al-Umar

Deir Hanna became a base for the

Arraba.^[12] The two villages served as the rural stronghold of the Zaydani family, and before taking the port town of Acre, Zahir resided in Deir Hanna and used it as his principal base of operations. Sa'd commissioned the construction of most of Deir Hanna's fortifications and in 1732-33, he built its mosque.^[13] When Sa'd died in 1767, Zahir's son Ali requested control over the village, but Zahir refused, earning him Ali's resentment.^[14]

Following Zahir's defeat and death at the hands of the

Niha. On 22 July, heavy damage to the fort by Ottoman cannon fire forced the remaining defenders to surrender. The surviving defenders of Deir Hanna were expelled from the village with their families by Jezzar, who subsequently demolished large parts of the village's fortress.^[15]

Sa'd el-Omar is credited with the construction of the village fort's high inner walls, which at the time had 12 towers. Zahir is credited with the construction of the outer walls, while Ali al-Zahir had two towers built off of the eastern and western sides of the fort. Both of the latter towers were separated from the fortress and were meant to serve as additional protection in the event of a siege.

namesake mosque in Acre.^[16]

Local peasants re-inhabited Deir Hanna sometime after Jezzar's assault, but the village did not recover its prominence and no longer posed a threat to Ottoman authority.[17]

In 1838, Deir Hanna was noted as a Christian and Muslim village in the Esh-Shagur district, located between

Greek Orthodox Christian families living in Deir Hanna.^[19] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village and the building works of the Zahir al-Umar era as: "High walls all around the village, which is built of stone. The walls have round towers ..." It is situated on the top of a high ridge, and contains about 400 Christians. It is surrounded by olive-groves and arable land. Water is obtained from cisterns and an old paved birkeh [pool] to the north of the village."^[20]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Deir Hanna had about 365 inhabitants; 280 Muslims and 85 Catholic Christians.[21]

British Mandate

In the

Orthodox.^[23] By the 1931 census the population had increased to 563; 427 Muslims and 136 Christians, in a total of 117 houses.^[24]

In the 1945 statistics, its population was estimated by 750 Arab inhabitants; 540 Muslims and 210 Christians,^[25] with a total of 15,350 dunams of land.^[26] Of this, 2,799 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,242 used for cereals,^[27] while 38 dunams were built-up land.^[28]

Israel

During

Israeli army. Many of the inhabitants fled north but some stayed and were not expelled by the Israeli soldiers.^[29] Deir Hanna remained under Martial Law

until 1966.

Deir Hanna forms the

Arraba. The town has been through a thorough modernization process in the last 10 years, and now has a full education system, health care facilities and sports playgrounds. ^{[citation needed}

]

Landmarks

Deir Hanna has a castle from the Zahir al-Umar era. Parts of the castle are still standing, as are the town walls, the old village church and a mosque, and it is considered a tourist attraction.

Notable people

Hiam Abbass, actress

References

^ ^a ^b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Palmer, 1881, p. 125
^ דייר חנא 2014
^ "דיר חנא היא כפר חנון או כפר יוחנה היהודי". רבקה שפק ליסק. 2011.
^ "דיר חנה". Ariel – Entziklopediya Lidiyat HaAretz. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Hareuveni, Imanuel (2010). Eretz Israel Lexicon. CET. p. 232.
ISSN 0333-5844
.

^ Frankel, 1988, p. 255

^ Strehlke, 1869, p. 8, No. 7; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 137, No. 517; cited in Ellenblum, 2003, p. 109, note 16 and Frankel, 1988, p. 255

^ Strehlke, 1869, p. 64, No.81; cited Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 269, No. 1069; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 265

^ ^a ^b Petersen, 2001, p. 132

^ Philipp, 2013, p. 33

^ Sharon, 2004, pp. 56-57.

^ Joudah, 1987, pp. 53-54.

^ ^a ^b Sharon, 2004, p. 57

^ ^a ^b Sharon, 2004, p. 58

^ Orser, 1996, p. 465

^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 133

^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 463 -464; translated in Sharon, 2004, pp. 55-56

^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 364

^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 174

^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 37

^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.50

^ Mills, 1932, p. 100

^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4

^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40

^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80

^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130

^ Morris, 1987, p. 226

Bibliography

Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.

Cohen, Amnon (1973). Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration. Jerusalem: Magnes Press,
ISBN 1-59045-955-5
. (p. 95, Cited in Petersen, 2001)

Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Edwards, C., Livingstone, K., and Petersen, A. D. (1993), Dayr Hanna: an Eighteenth-Century Fortified Village in Galilee, in Levant, 25, pp 63–92 (Cited in Petersen, 2001)

Frankel, Rafael (1988). "Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period". Israel Exploration Journal. 38 (4): 249–272.

Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.

Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.

Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.

Joudah, Ahmad Hasan (1986). Revolt in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: The Era of Shaykh Zahir Al-ʻUmar. Kingston Press.
ISBN 9780940670112
.

Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.

ISBN 0-521-33028-9
.

Orser, Charles E. (1996). Images of the Recent Past: Readings in Historical Archaeology. Rowman Altamira.
ISBN 9780761991427
.

Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). Vol. I.
ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0
.

Philipp, Thomas (2013). Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730-1831. Columbia University Press.
ISBN 9780231506038
.

Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.

Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.

Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.

ISBN 90-04-13197-3
.

Strehlke, Ernst, ed. (1869). Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum. Berlin: Weidmanns.

ISBN 9789652081070
.

Volney, C.-F. (1788). Travels Through Syria and Egypt, in the Years 1783, 1784, and 1785: containing the Present Natural and Political State of Those Countries, Their Productions, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce : with Observations on the Manners, Customs, and Government of the Turks and Arabs : Illustrated. Vol. 2.(p 265 in the 1959-edition, p. 136
here)

External links

Welcome To Dayr Hanna

Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: IAA, Wikimedia commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_Hanna&oldid=1215501540"

[Israelpopulations-1] "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.

[Palmer125-2] Palmer, 1881, p. 125

[3] דייר חנא 2014

[4] "דיר חנא היא כפר חנון או כפר יוחנה היהודי". רבקה שפק ליסק. 2011.

[5] "דיר חנה". Ariel – Entziklopediya Lidiyat HaAretz. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[:0-6] Hareuveni, Imanuel (2010). Eretz Israel Lexicon. CET. p. 232.

[7] ISSN 0333-5844
.

[8] Frankel, 1988, p. 255

[9] Strehlke, 1869, p. 8, No. 7; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 137, No. 517; cited in Ellenblum, 2003, p. 109, note 16 and Frankel, 1988, p. 255

[10] Strehlke, 1869, p. 64, No.81; cited Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 269, No. 1069; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 265

[Petersen132-11] Petersen, 2001, p. 132

[12] Philipp, 2013, p. 33

[13] Sharon, 2004, pp. 56-57.

[14] Joudah, 1987, pp. 53-54.

[Sharon57-15] Sharon, 2004, p. 57

[Sharon58-16] Sharon, 2004, p. 58

[17] Orser, 1996, p. 465

[18] Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 133

[19] Guérin, 1880, pp. 463 -464; translated in Sharon, 2004, pp. 55-56

[C&K-20] Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 364

[21] Schumacher, 1888, p. 174

[Census1922-22] Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 37

[23] Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.50

[Census1931-24] Mills, 1932, p. 100

[25] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4

[Hadawi40-26] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40

[27] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80

[28] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130

[29] Morris, 1987, p. 226

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