Delta State

Coordinates: 5°30′N 6°00′E / 5.500°N 6.000°E / 5.500; 6.000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the state in Nigeria. For other uses, see Delta State (disambiguation).
Delta State
State
UTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
320001
Dialing Code+234
ISO 3166 codeNG-DE
HDI (2021)0.662[4]
medium · 3rd of 37
Websitewww.deltastate.gov.ng
Asaba roundabout, Asaba, Delta state

Delta State is a

River Niger on the northeastern end of the state, while the state's economic center is Warri
on the southwestern coastline.

Of the

River Niger and its distributary, the Forçados River, which flow along Delta's eastern and southern borders, respectively; while fellow Niger distributary, the Escravos River, runs through Warri and the coastal areas are riddled with dozens of smaller Niger distributaries that make up much of the western Niger Delta. Much of the state's nature contain threatened dwarf crocodile, Grey parrot, African fish eagle, mona monkey, and African manatee populations along with potentially extirpated populations of African leopard and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee.[6][7] Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are populations of Lesser African threadfin, crabs, and blue mussel along with various cetacean species.[7]

What is now Delta State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the

British Nigeria. However, colonial forces did not gain permanent control of modern-day Delta State until the 1910s, due to the uprisings of the Ekumeku Movement. Notably, Delta has one of the few parts of now-Nigeria to have been under French control as the UK leased the enclave of Forcados
to France from 1903 to 1930.

After independence in 1960, the area of now-Delta was a part of the post-independence

Bendel State. In 1991, Bendel State was split with the north becoming Edo State and the south becoming Delta State.[8]

Economically, Delta State is based around the production of

oil palm, yam, and cassava crops along with fishing and heliciculture. In large part due to its vast oil revenues, Delta has the fourth highest Human Development Index in the country; however, disputes between oil companies and local communities along with years of systemic corruption have lead to hostilities that are often tied to the lack of development in host communities.[10][11]

Geography

The State covers a landmass of about 18,050 km2 (6,970 sq mi), of which more than 60% is land. The state lies approximately between 5°00' and 6°45' E and 5°00' and 6°30' N.

coastline. Delta State is generally low-lying without any remarkable hills. The state has a wide coastal belt inter-laced with rivulets and streams, which form part of the Niger Delta.[14][15][16]

Climate

An important characteristics of the Climate of Delta State is flooding.[17] The ecological attributes of Delta State also include heavy rainfall, which makes the state, like other states in the Niger-Delta Nigeria to be regarded as lowland rainforest, feshwater swamp and mangrove swamp. Delta State has a mean rainfall of 36.9 mm, as well as increase in rainfall which in year 2015 resulted to inundation of farmlands in the state.[18] 2015 was also the year the state had the highest rainfall, amounting to 3183.6 mm. In year 2007, the state had the lowest rainfall over the 11-year period, amounting to an annual rainfall of 2030.58 mm. While January has the lowest rainfall in the state, in July, rainfall is very high at 423.2 mm.[18]

History

Delta State was defined out of the former

Bendel" (Ben-Del) was coined from the old Benin and Delta Provinces of Western Region-Delta to reflect the integration of Benin and Delta provinces.[22]

Politics

The State government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The Capital city of the State is Asaba.[23]

Electoral system

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[24]

Demographics

Delta State is predominantly inhabited by the

Itsekiri and the Olukumi people.[20]
The population of other groups in the state are negligible.

The

Ukwuani, Ika and Aniocha-Oshimili(Igbo) people of Delta State with a population of about 1.8 million spanning across 9 Local government areas who are sometimes referred to as the Anioma people.[25][26][20] The Itsekiri speak a language very closely related to Yoruba but have been culturally influenced by the Edo from neighbouring Edo state, as well as the Urhobo, and Ijaw.[20]

The

Okpe is a dialect of Urhobo language. The Okpe people occupy two local government areas (Sapele
and Okpe) in Delta Central.

The Ijaws are a group of people related to the predominant people of neighbouring Bayelsa State,[27] while the Olukumi are becoming culturally and linguistically extinct,[28] due to acculturation and assimilation.[citation needed]

The vast majority of inhabitants are

traditional religions.[25]

The Catholic Church includes the Diocese of Warri (1964) with 135 parishes under Bishop Anthony Ovayero Ewherido (2022), and parts of Bomadi (1991) under Bishop Hyacinth Oroko Egbebo (2009), both suffragans of the Archdiocese of Benin City.

The

Anglican Church of Nigeria under Archbishop Cyril Odutemu (2020) includes the Dioceses of Asaba (1977) led by Bishop Kingsley Chukwakanadu Obuh (2022), Ika (2001) led by Bishop Godfrey Ifeanyichukwu Ekpenisi (2018), Ndokwa (2008) led by Bishop David Obiosa (died 2022), Sapele (2009) led by Bishop Blessing Erifeta (2009), Ughelli led by Bishop Cyril Odutemu, Warri (1980) led by Bishop Christian Esezi Ide (2006) and Western Izon (2005) led by Bishop Edafe Emamezi
until 2021.

Administration

People's Democratic Party, was elected Governor and chief executive of Delta State in March 2023. His deputy is Monday Onyeme. The state has three National Senatorial Districts (South, North and Central). In 2011 and 2013, the elected senators were James Manager
,
Pius Ewherido who died in 2013 at National Hospital, Abuja.[29] In 2015, Chief Ighoyeta Amori was elected Senator of Delta Central but his election
was annulled and Senator
Asaba with a government house annex in Warri.[citation needed
]

Past & present administrations

Local Government Areas

See also: List of villages in Delta State

Delta State consists of 25 Local Government Areas (shown with 2006 population figures):

Delta Central Senatorial District 1,575,738 Delta North Senatorial District 1,293,074 Delta South Senatorial District 1,229,282
Ethiope East 200,942 Aniocha North 104,062 Bomadi 86,016
Ethiope West 202,712 Aniocha South 142,045 Burutu 207,977
Okpe 128,398 Ika North East 182,819 Isoko North 143,559
Sapele 174,273 Ika South 167,060 Isoko South 235,147
Udu 142,480 Ndokwa East 103,224 Patani 67,391
Ughelli North 320,687 Ndokwa West 150,024 Warri North 136,149
Ughelli South 212,638 Oshimili North 118,540 Warri South 311,970
Uvwie 188,728 Oshimili South 150,032 Warri South West 116,538
Ukwuani
 119,034
See also:
Delta State Executive Council

Local Governments/Indigenous people

Indigenous ethnic groups of Delta State listed by LGA:[40]

LGA Indigenous people
Aniocha North
Igbo Enuani, Olukumi, Ika
Aniocha South
Igbo Enuani
Burutu Ijaw
Bomadi Ijaw
Ethiope East Urhobo
Ethiope West Urhobo
Ika North East Ika
Ika South Ika
Isoko North Isoko
Isoko South Isoko
Ndokwa East Ukwuani, Isoko
Ndokwa West Ukwuani
Oshimili North Igbo Enuani, Igala, Ika
Oshimili South Igbo Enuani
Okpe Urhobo
Patani Ijaw, Urhobo
Sapele
 Urhobo
Udu Urhobo
Ughelli North Urhobo
Ughelli South Urhobo
Ukwuani Ukwuani
Uvwie Urhobo
Warri North
Itsekiri, Ijaw
Warri South
Itsekiri, Urhobo
Warri South West
Itsekiri, Ijaw

Economy

The state is one of the richer and more developed ones in Nigeria and has the second-lowest incidence of extreme poverty (around 3% of the population against a national average of 31%) according to World Bank data from 2018.[41]

Natural resources

There are various solid

sanitary wares, decorative stone cutting and quarrying,[43] but these minerals are under-utilized.[44]

Delta state also has huge deposits of

crude oil and is also one of the largest producers of petroleum products in Nigeria.[45] Sales of petroleum products is what majorly drives its economy.[citation needed
]

Higher education

Delta state Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta state

Institutions of higher learning in Delta state include:[20]

Transportation

Federal Highways are:

  • A2 as the Elele-Alimini-Patani East-West Rd across the Forçados River from Bayelsa State by the 850 m bridge (2014) at Patani and north via Warri to Benin City,
  • Trans-African Highway 8 Lagos-Mombasa) east from Edo State via Agbor and Asaba to Onitsha by the 1,404 m River Niger Bridge
    (1965).

Other major roads include

Airports:

Shell Oil
in 1999.

Tourist attractions

Delta State has some historical, cultural and socio-political tourist centres that attract visitors from around the globe. Some of these sites of tourism include:[20]

Sports

Delta State is known to have produced several sportsmen and women, notably

Efetobore Sodje Blessing Okagbare, Jonathan Akpoborie, and Ogenekaro Etebo.[81]

Notable people

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External links

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