Democracy and Education

Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education is a 1916 book by John Dewey.^[1]

Synopsis

In Democracy and Education, Dewey argues that the primary ineluctable facts of the birth and death of each one of the constituent members in a social group determine the necessity of education. On one hand, there is the contrast between the immaturity of the new-born members of the group (its future sole representatives) and the maturity of the adult members who possess the knowledge and customs of the group. On the other hand, there is the necessity that these immature members be not merely physically preserved in adequate numbers, but that they be initiated into the interests, purposes, information, skill, and practices of the mature members: otherwise the group will cease its characteristic life.

Dewey observes that even in a "savage" tribe, the achievements of adults are far beyond what the immature members would be capable of if left to themselves. With the growth of civilization, the gap between the original capacities of the immature and the standards and customs of the elders increases. Mere physical growing up and mastery of the bare necessities of subsistence will not suffice to reproduce the life of the group. Deliberate effort and the taking of thoughtful pains are required. Beings who are born not only unaware of, but quite indifferent to, the aims and habits of the social group have to be rendered cognizant of them and actively interested. According to Dewey, education, and education alone, spans the gap.

Reception

Dewey's ideas were never broadly and deeply integrated into the practices of American public schools, though some of his values and terms were widespread.

Some^[

A criticism of this approach is that it does not account for the origin of cultural institutions, which can be accounted for by the aesthetic. Language and its development, in Dewey's philosophical anthropology, have not a central role but are instead a consequence of the cognitive capacity.^[3]

Legacy

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While Dewey's educational theories have enjoyed a broad popularity during his lifetime and after, they have a troubled history of implementation.

public intellectual, he was often misinterpreted, even by fellow academics. Many enthusiastically embraced what they mistook for Dewey's philosophy, but which in fact bore little or a distorted resemblance to it.^{[citation needed][4]}

Simultaneously, other progressive educational theories, often influenced by Dewey but not directly derived from him, were also becoming popular, such as Educational perennialism which is teacher-centered as opposed to student-centered. The term 'progressive education' grew to encompass numerous contradictory theories and practices, as documented by historians like Herbert Kliebard.

Several versions of progressive education succeeded in transforming the educational landscape: the utter ubiquity of guidance counseling, to name but one example, springs from the progressive period. Radical variations of educational progressivism were troubled and short-lived, a fact that supports some understandings of the notion of failure.^{[citation needed][5]} But they were perhaps too rare and ill-funded to constitute a thorough test.

See also

• List of publications by John Dewey

References

Wikiquote has quotations related to Democracy and Education.

1. ^ Dewey, John (1916). Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York: Macmillan. Retrieved 4 May 2016 – via Internet Archive.
2. ^ ^{a b} Fifty Major Thinkers on Education (From Confucius to Dewey). Routledge, February 2002, Edited by Joy Palmer, Liora Bresler, David Edward Cooper. pp 177-178
3. ^ ^{a b} Theodora Polito, Educational Theory as Theory of Culture: A Vichian perspective on the educational theories of John Dewey and Kieran Egan Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, 2005
4. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.1958.tb01239.x
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5. ISBN 978-0230338975
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External links

• Democracy and Education at Standard Ebooks
• Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education public domain book at Wikisource