Democratic Action Party

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)
)

Democratic Action Party
National ChairmanLim Guan Eng
National Deputy ChairmanGobind Singh Deo
National Vice-Chairmen
Deputy Secretaries-General
  • Tengku Zulpuri Shah
  • Founders
    • Chief minister of states
    1 / 13
    Election symbol

    except DAP Sarawak

    DAP Sarawak only
    Party flag
    Website
    www.dapmalaysia.org

    The Democratic Action Party (

    2020 Malaysian political crisis. At the 2022 Malaysian general election
    , the PH coalition which the DAP was part of was returned to power again, albeit without a majority, leading it to form a unity government with political rivals.

    The DAP was founded in 1965 by Malaya–based members of the

    civic nationalist Malaysian Malaysia, which the DAP would continue to espouse.[3] Following the expulsion, the PAP was elected as the ruling government of a newly sovereign Singapore, and would continue to operate on a platform of civic nationalism.[3]

    The DAP draws much of its support from

    2018 Malaysian general election, the party contested in 47 federal and 104 state constituencies under the banner of its ally the People's Justice Party,[nb 1]
    winning 42 and 102 seats respectively, except in Sarawak, where the party's state branch chose to contest under its own banner.

    History

    Anthony Loke Siew Fook, Member of Parliament for Seremban and Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly for Chennah, has served as the 6th Secretary-General, the most powerful position of the party since March 2022.

    Formation

    The party is the direct successor of the Malaysian branch of the Singapore–based People's Action Party (PAP), which was then known as the People's Action Party of Malaya. Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia led to its deregistration in 1965 by the Registrar of Societies (RoS).[3] The deregistered party's leadership consisted of Devan Nair (secretary-general), Chen Man Hin (chairman), D. P. Xavier (assistant secretary-general), Goh Hock Guan (vice-chairman), Seeveratnam Sinnathamby (treasurer), who was the younger brother of Singapore minister S. Rajaratnam, with Zain Azahari bin Zainal Abidin, Chin Chan Sung, Michael Khong Chye Huat, Tan Chong Bee and Too Chee Cheong as committee members.[8]

    The Democratic Action Party was officially formed on 11 October 1965 by the remnants of the People's Action Party of Malaya.[3][9] However, the registration of the party was delayed to 18 March 1966[3] while the ruling Alliance Party laid out new conditions for the registration of political parties in the Societies Act 1966. While awaiting the party's registration, party chairman Chen Man Hin won the state constituency of Rahang, Negeri Sembilan as an independent in December 1965.[9]

    In the August 1966 the official party organ, The Rocket, was first published.

    The party adopted the Setapak Declaration at the first DAP National Congress held on 29 July 1967, declaring itself "irrevocably committed to the ideal of a free, democratic and socialist Malaysia, based on the principles of racial and religious equality, social and economic justice, and founded on the institution of

    Zurich, Switzerland.[10]

    Early electoral success

    In 1967, the party was involved in discussions to form a united front of opposition parties against the Alliance coalition ahead of the 1969 general election without success.[11][12]

    In March 1968, the party negotiated an agreement with the People's Progressive Party(PPP) to avoid contesting against each other in the state of Perak for the upcoming general election.[13] The DAP sought to achieve a similar agreement with the United Democratic Party (UDP), whose stronghold was Penang, but failed to come to an understanding with its leader Lim Chong Eu, who sarcastically thanked DAP secretary-general Goh Hock Guan for "his very smug condescension."[14] The same month, the DAP was approached by the newly formed Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, then led by Syed Hussein Alatas, which suggested the DAP merge into the new party.[15]

    Devan Nair, who was amongst those who founded the DAP, returned to Singapore in 1969 after being withdrawn as a candidate for the 1969 general election,[16] later becoming its president in 1981. Lee Kuan Yew, then Prime Minister of Singapore under the PAP, explained in 1981 that "the Cabinet decided that Singapore-Malaysia relations would always be bedevilled if Devan Nair remained a DAP leader. I persuaded him to come back".[17]

    The DAP contested a

    1969 together with both the People's Progressive Party and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia in an electoral pact.[18] In line with their commitment to equality, the DAP originally campaigned against Bumiputera privileges, such as those afforded to them by Article 153 of the Constitution. They also continued Lee Kuan Yew's campaign for a "Malaysian Malaysia",[19][20] the idea of which was originally conveyed by Lee in Parliament: "Malaysia – to whom does it belong? To Malaysians. But who are Malaysians? I hope I am, Mr Speaker, Sir. But sometimes, sitting in this chamber, I doubt whether I am allowed to be a Malaysian".[21][22]

    The DAP went on to win 13

    13 May Incident, resulting in the suspension of parliament and the formation of the National Operations Council, which governed the country until 1971 in place of the elected government.[23]

    When parliament reconvened, it passed pieces of legislation such as the

    Sedition Act that criminalized the discussion of repealing certain portions of the Constitution. Most of these concerned Bumiputra privileges, such as Article 153. The DAP and the People's Progressive Party were the only parties that voted against the Act, which passed by a vote of 125 to 17.[24] After the 1969 election, the DAP would never come close to repeating its past successes for the next 38 years. Although the DAP remained a major opposition party, the ruling coalition had clung solidly to its two-thirds parliamentary majority. The DAP, however, continued campaigning on its platform of abolishing the Bumiputra privileges, securing equal rights for all Malaysians, and establishing a democratic socialist state in Malaysia.[25][26]

    1970–2007

    The party boycotted the National Consultative Council, a body formed in the aftermath of the 1969 racial riots to "establish positive and practical guidelines for inter-racial co-operation and social integration", in protest of the government's continued detention of its secretary-general, Lim Kit Siang, under the Internal Security Act.[27][28]

    In 1978, the party experienced a split when founding member and Penang state chairman Yeap Ghim Guan left and formed the Socialist Democratic Party after attempts by the national leadership to take over the party's state leadership. Yeap was joined by the entire state committee and member of parliament for Petaling Oh Keng Seng. They were later joined by party stalwart Fan Yew Teng, who had served as acting secretary-general while Lim was detained under the Internal Security Act[29] and was the member of parliament for Menglembu. Those who had left the party all labelled Lim's leadership as "dictatorial".[30]

    The party suffered more defections in the lead-up to the 1978 Malaysian general election, when one of its most prominent Malay members, Daing Ibrahim Othman, left the party in protest of the leadership's decision to move him to another constituency, which was followed by a number of resignations in Negeri Sembilan for similar reasons.[30]

    During the

    Mahathir administration in 1987, several DAP leaders, including Parliamentary Opposition Leader Lim Kit Siang, were detained by the government without trial during Operation Lalang, under the accusation of being a national security threat. It is widely believed they were arrested for protesting the expansion of the New Economic Policy.[31]

    In 1995, the party ran what has become widely known as the "Robocop" campaign to wrest Penang from the Barisan Nasional. Despite the hype, the campaign was a failure as the party only won one state and three parliamentary seats. The strategy backfired when Prime Minister Mahathir, BN leaders and the media criticised Lim Kit Siang as a "robot" and "soulless" person.[32]

    Following the ousting of Deputy Prime Minister

    1999 election; the DAP managed to win only 5% (10 out of 193) of the seats in Parliament. PAS became the leading opposition party in Parliament. It left the coalition in 2001 due to a disagreement with PAS over the issue of an Islamic state.[33][34][unreliable source?
    ]

    In the

    2004 general election, the DAP managed to capture 12 seats in Parliament, while PAS and Keadilan suffered major setbacks, with PAS losing 20 of the 27 seats it had held after the 1999 elections, and Keadilan lost all seats except one returned after a recount. The eventual outcome saw Lim Kit Siang, who had been elected in his constituency of Ipoh Timur with a majority of 10,000 votes, formally elected as the leader of the opposition in Parliament, a post he had lost to the president of PAS in 1999.[35]

    In the

    2006 Sarawak state election, the Democratic Action Party won 6 of the 12 seats it contested and narrowly lost three other seats with small majorities.[36] Up til then it was the party's best showing ever in the history of Sarawak
    's state elections since 1979.

    2008–2015

    2008 general election, the DAP won 13% (28 out of 222) of the seats in the Dewan Rakyat, with PAS and PKR making substantial gains as well with 23 seats and 31 seats respectively. In total, the taking of 82 seats (37%) by the opposition to Barisan Nasional's 140 seats (63%), makes it the best performance in Malaysian history by the opposition, and denied Barisan Nasional the two-thirds majority required to make constitutional changes in the Dewan Rakyat.[37] DAP advisor Lim Kit Siang expressed surprise at the election results but declared it to be the true power of the voice of the Malaysian people for the leaders of the country to hear them.[38] In addition, DAP, having secured all its contested seats in the state of Penang, formed the Penang state government with its alliance partners PKR and PAS, the Chief Minister being DAP's Lim Guan Eng, son of Lim Kit Siang.[39]

    In the

    2013 general election when DAP went on to win 17% (38 out of 222) of the seats in the Dewan Rakyat and the PR coalition won the popular vote, giving the BN government its worst election showing since independence. In 2015, the PR alliance broke up after a PAS Muktamar (General Assembly) motion unanimously approved the breaking of ties with DAP due to disagreements over PAS's decision to propose a private member's bill to implement "hudud" (Islamic penal code).[40] Following PAS's decision to cut ties with DAP, DAP announced that PR had "ceased to exist".[41][42]

    At the DAP election in December 2012, Vincent Wu, who was initially declared to have secured the sixth spot with 1,202 votes, dropped to 26th place because he had actually secured only 669. Zairil Khir Johari was elected to the central executive committee (CEC) with 803 votes to secure the 20th spot. The glitch, reportedly because of a vote tabulation error due to the copy-and-paste method in Microsoft Excel, had raised suspicion.[43] The DAP admitted to the counting error after discovering the mistake. The DAP election fiasco had caused unease among party members and led to protests to the Registrar of Societies (RoS). Two dissatisfied life members of the DAP then lodged reports with the RoS on the party elections following the revelations.[44] Following the report the RoS had informed DAP of the dispute by its members and in turn as provided for under Section 3A of the Societies Act 1966 did recognise the office-bearers of the committee formed in the party elections on 15 December 2012, the point of contention.[45]

    DAP chairperson Karpal Singh said DAP will contest under the PAS logo for the Peninsula and PKR logo in Sabah and Sarawak in the 13th general election, following the Registrar of Societies' (RoS) failure to respond on the withdrawal letter of RoS informing that it does not recognise the party's top leadership line-up. DAP had appealed to the RoS to withdraw its letter to suspend the party's existing central executive committee (CEC) but the department was silent on the matter.[46]

    On 19 April 2013, DAP secretary-general Lim Guan Eng informed all its 51 parliament and 103 state candidates to use the rocket symbol first during nomination tomorrow, and show the Election Commission the letter of authorisation signed by secretary-general Lim Guan Eng. If the rocket symbol is rejected, then use the letter of authorisation signed by PAS secretary-general Mustafa Ali for Peninsula Malaysia and PKR letter of authorisation for Sabah and Sarawak. This came after the DAP decided to use PAS and PKR symbols for the coming general election on 5 May.[46] He said the DAP headquarters in Kuala Lumpur received a letter by hand from the RoS at 10 p.m. on 19 April, stating that it had no objections to the DAP using the logo, and that the Election Commission (EC) had informed all returning officers to accept nominations from the DAP.[47]

    On 29 September 2013, DAP held a special congress to vote for a new Central Executive Committee.[48]

    2015–2019

    On 22 September 2015, the

    2016 Sarawak state election
    , the party lost its gains from the previous election, retaining only 7 of the 12 seats it had won in 2011, while Pakatan Harapan as whole won 10 state seats and 30.16% of the popular vote.

    On 12 February 2017,

    Melaka, Goh (Duyong), Lim Jack Wong (Bachang), and Chin Choong Seong (Kesidang), announced their resignation from the party, citing a lack of trust in the party's leadership.[49]

    The party participated in the

    Kulasegaran Murugeson as Minister of Human Resources, Yeo Bee Yin as Minister of Energy, Teresa Kok as Minister of Primary Industries, and Gobind Singh Deo as Minister of Communications and Multimedia
    .

    2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis

    On 24 February 2020, the DAP became the largest party in the Dewan Rakyat for the first time after 11 of the People's Justice Party's 50 MPs resigned during the political crisis. UMNO had also lost 16 of its 54 MPs over several months, mostly through defections to Bersatu. Though the political crisis resulted in the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government, it retained its 42 MPs. However, over the course of the crisis, a number of state assemblymen defected to opposing coalitions. On 9 March 2020, Paul Yong and A Sivasubramaniam left the party to join the new Perikatan Nasional state government in Perak.[56] The next day on 10 March, DAP expelled Norhizam Hassan Baktee, assemblyman for Pengkalan Batu, over his support for the new Perikatan Nasional government in Melaka.[57] The party also expelled Sabah assemblyman Ronnie Loh for his support of Perikatan's attempt to replace Sabah state government led by Shafie Apdal and his Warisan Plus coalition.[58]

    Separately, the party's Sarawak vice-chairman and Padungan assemblyman Wong King Wei resigned on 27 July 2020, claiming the party had deviated from its objectives and citing his disillusionment with party leadership. He continued to hold his seat as an independent until his term ended in 2021.[59]

    Ethnic diversity

    DAP was founded by

    Kadazandusun) legislator in the 2013, Edwin Jack Bosi, who sat in Sabah State Legislative Assembly.[63] The lack of Malay members within the party has led to DAP being viewed as a "racist" or "anti-Malay" party by political opponents in that it is exclusively concerned with the issues of the Chinese or Indian communities.[64]

    Allegations of racism and chauvinism

    Despite constant rebuttals by party leaders, DAP has been depicted by their political opponents, especially from UMNO, as a party that favours the Malaysian Chinese minority above others.[65] This allegation of racial chauvinism culminated in a two-piece television program broadcast on government-controlled TV channel Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) entitled "Bahaya Cauvinisme", which translates to "Dangers of Chauvinism". The program forced then party leader Lim Kit Siang to issue a formal media statement to counter the allegations.[66]

    On 15 November 2011, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, the Malaysian Minister for Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism, accused DAP's publicity chief, Tony Pua of racism for making repeated attacks against the Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia, a government initiative to supply cheap retail products to Malaysian consumers. Tony Pua was criticised for singling out Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia, whose suppliers to the store generally come from the Malaysian Bumiputra community, and for not investigating the quality of products supplied by Malaysian-Chinese suppliers or making similar accusations against independent Malaysian-Chinese stores.[67]

    Allegations of racism have forced DAP party leader Lim Guan Eng to issue a formal denial in the Penang High Court.[68]

    Party symbols

    The symbol or logo of the DAP (see above) is the rocket, which it has used since the 1969 general election. Its components are symbolised as follows:

    • The red rocket symbolises the Party's aspiration for a modern, dynamic and progressive society
    • The four rocket boosters represent the support and drive given to the Party objectives by the three major ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, Indian) and others
    • The blue circle stands for the unity of the multi-racial people of Malaysia
    • The white background stands for purity and incorruptibility

    Ubah mascot

    Ubah bird, the official mascot of DAP

    In 2008, DAP initially introduced "Rocket Kid", a rocket as the party's official mascot during the

    Malay costume for Hari Raya, Indian costume for Deepavali, Chinese costume for Chinese New Year, Santa Claus costume for Christmas, and a Superman costume that depicts the power of the people.[71][72] On 13 July 2013, a gigantic float known as the "Ubah Inflatable Bird (Water Ubah)" was officially launched at IJM Promenade, Jelutong, Penang by DAP Secretary General Lim Guan Eng.[69][73]

    Songs

    DAP's official party anthem is Berjuang Untuk Rakyat Malaysia (Fighting for the Malaysian People).[74]

    Other than the official party anthem, DAP has also unveiled several theme songs and music videos mostly with an Ubah theme such as "Ubah" with over 1,000,000 views, 明天 with over 500,000 views and "Ubah Rocket Style" with over 300,000 views, which is a parody of the viral YouTube hit "Gangnam Style".[75]

    Leadership structure

    Central Executive Committee

    Lim Guan Eng, current National Chairman
    Anthony Loke, current Secretary-General

    The Central Executive Committee (CEC) serves as the party's executive body and its 30 members are elected by party delegates during a national congress held every three years. The CEC, in turn, elects the party's national leadership from among its own members, including the Secretary-General, in whom executive power is vested. The current Secretary-General is Minister of Transport Anthony Loke. The latest leadership structure can be found below.[5][76][77]

    Lists of the leaders of the Democratic Action Party

    Life Advisor

    No. Portrait Life Advisor

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    1 Chen Man Hin
    (1924–2022)
    MP for Seremban, 1974–1982 & 1983–1990
    MP for Seremban Timor, 1969–1974
    MLA for Rahang, 1965–1982
    3 December 1999 17 August 2022 13th (1999)
    22 years, 257 days 14th (2004)
    15th (2008)
    16th (2012, 2013, 2017)
    17th (2022)

    Advisor

    No. Portrait Advisor

    (Lifespan)
    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    1 Tan Kok Wai
    (born 1957)
    MP for Sungai Besi, 1986–1995
    MP for Cheras, since 1995
    20 March 2022 Incumbent 17th (2022)
    2 years, 8 days

    Mentor

    No. Portrait Mentor

    (Lifespan) Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    1
    Ipoh Timor, 2004–2013
    MP for Gelang Patah, 2013–2018
    MP for Iskandar Puteri, 2018–2022
    MLA for Kubu, 1974–1982
    MLA for Kampong Kolam, 1986–1990
    MLA for Padang Kota
    , 1990–1995
    20 March 2022 12 April 2022 17th (2022)
    23 days

    National Chairmen

    No. Portrait National Chairman

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    National Deputy Chairman
    1 Chen Man Hin
    (1924–2022)
    MP for Seremban, 1974–1982 & 1983–1990
    MP for Seremban Timor, 1969–1974
    MLA for Rahang, 1965–1982
    18 March 1966 3 December 1999 1st (1967)
    33 years, 260 days 2nd (1969)
    12th (1995)
    2
    Ipoh Timor, 2004–2013
    MP for Gelang Patah, 2013–2018
    MP for Iskandar Puteri, 2018–2022
    MLA for Kubu, 1974–1982
    MLA for Kampong Kolam, 1986–1990
    MLA for Padang Kota
    , 1990–1995
    3 December 1999 4 September 2004 13th (1999)
    4 years, 276 days
    3 Karpal Singh
    (1940–2014)
    MP for Jelutong, 1978–1999
    MP for Bukit Gelugor, 2004–2014
    4 September 2004 29 March 2014 14th (2004) Tan Kok Wai

    (–2014)
    9 years, 206 days 15th (2008)

    16th (2012, 2013)

    4 Tan Kok Wai
    (born 1957)
    MP for Sungai Besi, 1986–1995
    MP for Cheras, since 1995
    29 March 2014 20 March 2022 – 16th (2017) Gobind Singh Deo

    (since 2017)
    7 years, 356 days
    5 Lim Guan Eng
    (born 1960)
    MP for Kota Melaka, 1986–1999
    MP for Bagan, since 2008
    MLA for Air Putih, since 2008
    20 March 2022 Incumbent 17th (2022)
    2 years, 8 days

    Secretaries-General

    No. Portrait Secretary-General

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    Deputy Secretary-General
    1
    Bangsar
    , 1964–1969
    18 March 1966 30 July 1967 D. P. Xavier
    1 year, 134 days
    2
    Bangsar
    , 1969–1974
    30 July 1967 1 October 1969 1st (1967)
    2 years, 63 days
    3
    Ipoh Timor, 2004–2013
    MP for Gelang Patah, 2013–2018
    MP for Iskandar Puteri, 2018–2022
    MLA for Kubu, 1974–1982
    MLA for Kampong Kolam, 1986–1990
    MLA for Padang Kota
    , 1990–1995
    1 October 1970 3 December 1999 2nd (1969) Lim Guan Eng

    (1995–2004)
    29 years, 63 days 12th (1995)
    4 rowspan="4" rowspan="4" | Kerk Kim Hock
    (1956–2017)
    MP for Pasir Pinji, 1990–1999
    MP for Kota Melaka, 1999–2004
    MLA for Durian Daun, 1986–1990
    3 December 1999 5 May 2002 13th (1999)
    2 years, 153 days
    22 September 2002 28 March 2004
    1 year, 188 days
    5 Lim Guan Eng
    (born 1960)
    MP for Kota Melaka, 1986–1999
    MP for Bagan, since 2008
    MLA for Air Putih, since 2008
    4 September 2004 20 March 2022 14th (2004) Chong Eng

    (–2017)
    Ramasamy Palanisamy

    (–2017)
    Ngeh Koo Ham

    (–2017)
    Nga Kor Ming

    (2017–2022)
    15th (2008)
    16th (2012 & 2013 & 2017)
    Teresa Kok Suh Sim

    (2017–2022)
    17 years, 197 days V. Sivakumar

    (since 2017)
    6
    Anthony Loke Siew Fook
    (born 1977)
    MP for Rasah, 2008–2013
    MP for Seremban, since 2013
    MLA for Lobak, 2004–2013
    MLA for Chennah
    , since 2013
    20 March 2022 Incumbent 17th (2022)
    2 years, 8 days Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji

    (since 2022)
    Liew Chin Tong

    (since 2022)

    Acting Secretaries-General

    No. Portrait Acting Secretary-General

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    Deputy Secretary-General
    1 Fan Yew Teng
    (1942–2010)
    MP for Kampar, 1969–1974
    MP for Menglembu, 1974–1978
    MLA for Petaling Jaya, 1974–1978
    1 October 1969 1 October 1970 – 2nd (1969)
    1 year, 0 days
    2 Chong Eng
    (born 1957)
    MP for Bukit Mertajam, 1999–2013
    MLA for Batu Lancang, 1995–1999
    MLA for Padang Lalang, 2013–2023
    5 May 2002 22 September 2002 – 13th (1999)
    140 days
    3
    Ipoh Barat
    , since 2004
    28 March 2004 4 September 2004
    184 days

    Note: The Acting Secretary-General is appointed when the Secretary-General is incapable of carrying out their duties or if the position is vacated before an election can be held.. Lim Kit Siang was elected as Secretary-General in October 1969 while detained under the ISA and Fan Yew Teng was Acting Secretary-General. Chong Eng took over for Kerk Kim Hock while the latter sought treatment for rectal cancer. M. Kulasegaran was Acting Secretary-General after Kerk Kim Hock lost his seat in parliament and resigned before Lim Guan Eng was elected Secretary-General.

    Chairman of the Central Policy and Strategic Planning Commission

    No. Portrait Chairman of Central Policy and

    Strategic Planning Commission

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    1
    Ipoh Timor, 2004–2013
    MP for Gelang Patah, 2013–2018
    MP for Iskandar Puteri, 2018–2022
    MLA for Kubu, 1974–1982
    MLA for Kampong Kolam, 1986–1990
    MLA for Padang Kota
    , 1990–1995
    4 September 2004 Incumbent 14th (2004)
    19 years, 206 days 15th (2008)
    16th (2012, 2013, 2017)
    17th (2022)

    Note: Chairman of the Central Policy and Strategic Planning Commission is a newly created position on 2004 when Lim Kit Siang refused to be re-elected as Chairman of DAP.

    Parliamentary Leaders

    No. Portrait Parliamentary Leader

    (Lifespan)

    Office

    Term of office & mandate

    (Duration in years and days)

    1
    Ipoh Timor, 2004–2013
    MP for Gelang Patah, 2013–2018
    MP for Iskandar Puteri, 2018–2022
    MLA for Kubu, 1974–1982
    MLA for Kampong Kolam, 1986–1990
    MLA for Padang Kota
    , 1990–1995
    5 March 2008 11 July 2018 15th (2008)

    16th (2012, 2013, 2017)

    10 years, 128 days
    2
    Anthony Loke Siew Fook
    (born 1977)
    MP for Rasah, 2008–2013
    MP for Seremban, since 2013
    MLA for Lobak, 2004–2013
    MLA for Chennah
    , since 2013
    11 July 2018 20 March 2022 – 16th (2012, 2013, 2017)
    3 years, 252 days
    3 Nga Kor Ming
    (born 1972)
    MP for Taiping, 2008–2018
    MP for Teluk Intan, since 2018
    MLA for Pantai Remis, 1999–2013
    MLA for Kepayang, 2013–2018, since 2022
    MLA for Aulong, 2018–2022
    20 March 2022 Incumbent 17th (2022)
    2 years, 8 days

    Elected representatives

    Dewan Negara (Senate)

    Senators

    Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

    Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

    DAP has 40 members in the House of Representatives.

    State No. Parliament Constituency Member Party
     Penang P043 Bagan Lim Guan Eng DAP
    P045 Bukit Mertajam
    Steven Sim Chee Keong
    DAP
    P046 Batu Kawan Chow Kon Yeow DAP
    P048 Bukit Bendera Syerleena Abdul Rashid DAP
    P049 Tanjong Lim Hui Ying DAP
    P050 Jelutong Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer DAP
    P051 Bukit Gelugor Ramkarpal Singh DAP
     Perak P060 Taiping Wong Kah Woh DAP
    P064
    Ipoh Timor
    Howard Lee Chuan How
    DAP
    P065
    Ipoh Barat
    Kulasegaran Murugeson DAP
    P066 Batu Gajah Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu DAP
    P068 Beruas Ngeh Koo Ham DAP
    P070 Kampar Chong Zhemin DAP
    P076 Teluk Intan Nga Kor Ming DAP
     Pahang P080 Raub Chow Yu Hui DAP
    P089 Bentong Young Syefura Othman DAP
     Selangor P102 Bangi Syahredzan Johan DAP
    P103 Puchong Yeo Bee Yin DAP
    P106
    Damansara
    Gobind Singh Deo DAP
    P110 Klang Ganabatirau Veraman DAP
     Kuala Lumpur P114 Kepong Lim Lip Eng DAP
    P117 Segambut Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan DAP
    P120
    Bukit Bintang
    Fong Kui Lun DAP
    P122 Seputeh Teresa Kok Suh Sim DAP
    P123 Cheras Tan Kok Wai DAP
     Negeri Sembilan P128 Seremban
    Loke Siew Fook
    DAP
    P130 Rasah Cha Kee Chin DAP
     Malacca P138 Kota Melaka Khoo Poay Tiong DAP
     Johor P142 Labis Pang Hok Liong DAP
    P145 Bakri Tan Hong Pin DAP
    P152 Kluang Wong Shu Qi DAP
    P162 Iskandar Puteri Liew Chin Tong DAP
    P163 Kulai Teo Nie Ching DAP
     Sabah P172 Kota Kinabalu Chan Foong Hin DAP
    P186 Sandakan Vivian Wong Shir Yee DAP
     Sarawak P192
    Mas Gading
    Mordi Bimol DAP
    P195
    Bandar Kuching
    Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen DAP
    P196 Stampin Chong Chieng Jen DAP
    P211
    Lanang
    Alice Lau Kiong Yieng
    DAP
    P212 Sibu
    Oscar Ling Chai Yew
    DAP
    Total Penang (7), Perak (7), Pahang (2), Selangor (4), F.T. Kuala Lumpur (5), Negeri Sembilan (2), Malacca (1), Johor (5), Sabah (2), Sarawak (5)

    Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

    Malaysian State Assembly Representatives

    State No. Parliament Constituency No. State Constituency Member Party
     Kedah P9 Alor Setar N13
    Kota Darul Aman
    Teh Swee Leong DAP
     Penang P43 Bagan N7
    Sungai Puyu
    Phee Syn Tze DAP
    N8 Bagan Jermal Chee Yeeh Keen DAP
    N9 Bagan Dalam Kumaran Krishnan DAP
    P45 Bukit Mertajam N13
    Berapit
    Heng Lee Lee DAP
    N15 Padang Lalang Daniel Gooi Zi Sen DAP
    P46 Batu Kawan N16 Perai Sundarajoo Somu DAP
    P47 Nibong Tebal N19 Jawi Jason H’ng Mooi Lye DAP
    P48 Bukit Bendera N22 Tanjong Bunga Zairil Khir Johari DAP
    N23 Air Putih Lim Guan Eng DAP
    N25 Pulau Tikus Joshua Woo Sze Zeng DAP
    P49 Tanjong N26 Padang Kota Chow Kon Yeow DAP
    N27 Pengkalan Kota Wong Yuee Harng DAP
    N28 Komtar Teh Lai Heng DAP
    P50 Jelutong N29 Datok Keramat Jagdeep Singh Deo DAP
    N30 Sungai Pinang Lim Siew Khim DAP
    N31 Batu Lancang Ong Ah Teong DAP
    P51 Bukit Gelugor N32 Seri Delima Connie Tan Hooi Peng DAP
    N33 Air Itam Joseph Ng Soon Siang DAP
    N34 Paya Terubong Wong Hon Wai DAP
     Perak P60 Taiping N17 Pokok Assam Ong Seng Guan DAP
    N18 Aulong Teh Kok Lim DAP
    P62 Sungai Siput N22 Jalong Loh Sze Yee DAP
    P64 Ipoh Timor N25 Canning Jenny Choy Tsi Jen DAP
    N26 Tebing Tinggi Abdul Aziz Bari DAP
    N27 Pasir Pinji Goh See Hua DAP
    P65 Ipoh Barat N28 Bercham Ong Boon Piow DAP
    N29 Kepayang Nga Kor Ming DAP
    N30 Buntong Thulsi Thivani Manogaran DAP
    P66 Batu Gajah N31 Jelapang Cheah Poh Hian DAP
    N32 Menglembu Chaw Kam Foon DAP
    N33 Tronoh Steven Tiw Tee Siang DAP
    P68 Beruas N37 Pantai Remis Wong May Ing DAP
    N38 Astaka Jason Ng Thien Yeong DAP
    P70 Kampar N41 Malim Nawar Bhavani Veraiah DAP
    N42 Keranji Angeline Koo Haai Yen DAP
    P76 Teluk Intan N55
    Pasir Bedamar
    Woo Kah Leong DAP
    P77 Tanjong Malim N57 Sungkai Sivanesan Achalingam DAP
     Pahang P78 Cameron Highlands N1 Tanah Rata Ho Chi Yang DAP
    P80 Raub N7 Tras Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji DAP
    P88 Temerloh N30 Mentakab Woo Chee Wan DAP
    P89 Bentong N33 Bilut Lee Chin Chen DAP
    N34 Ketari
    Thomas Su Keong Siong
    DAP
    P90 Bera N36 Triang Leong Yu Man DAP
     Selangor P93 Sungai Besar N4 Sekinchan Ng Suee Lim DAP
    P94 Hulu Selangor N6 Kuala Kubu Baharu Lee Kee Hiong DAP
    P100 Pandan N22 Teratai Yew Jia Haur DAP
    P102 Bangi N27 Balakong Wayne Ong Chun Wei DAP
    P103 Puchong N28 Seri Kembangan Wong Siew Ki DAP
    P104 Subang N30 Kinrara Ng Sze Han DAP
    N31 Subang Jaya
    Michelle Ng Mei Sze
    DAP
    P105 Petaling Jaya N34 Bukit Gasing Rajiv Rishyakaran DAP
    P106 Damansara N35 Kampung Tunku Lim Yi Wei DAP
    N36 Bandar Utama Jamaliah Jamaluddin DAP
    P110 Klang N45 Bandar Baru Klang Quah Perng Fei DAP
    N47 Pandamaran Tony Leong Tuck Chee DAP
    P111 Kota Raja N50 Kota Kemuning Preakas Sampunathan DAP
    P112 Kuala Langat N52 Banting Papparaidu Veraman DAP
    P113 Sepang N56 Sungai Pelek Lwi Kian Keong DAP
     Negeri Sembilan P126 Jelebu N1 Chennah
    Anthony Loke Siew Fook
    DAP
    P127 Jempol N8 Bahau Teo Kok Seong DAP
    P128 Seremban N10 Nilai Arul Kumar Jambunathan DAP
    N11 Lobak Chew Seh Yong DAP
    N12 Temiang Ng Chin Tsai DAP
    P130 Rasah N21 Bukit Kepayang Nicole Tan Lee Koon DAP
    N22 Rahang Siau Meow Kong DAP
    N23 Mambau Yap Yew Weng DAP
    N24 Seremban Jaya Gunasekaren Palasamy DAP
    P132 Port Dickson N30 Lukut Choo Ken Hwa DAP
    P133 Tampin N36 Repah Veerapan Superamaniam DAP
     Malacca P137 Hang Tuah Jaya N16 Ayer Keroh Kerk Chee Yee DAP
    P138 Kota Melaka N19
    Kesidang
    Allex Seah Shoo Chin DAP
    N20
    Kota Laksamana
    Low Chee Leong DAP
    N22 Bandar Hilir Leng Chau Yen DAP
     Johor P140 Segamat N2 Jementah Ng Kor Sim DAP
    P144 Ledang N10 Tangkak Ee Chin Li DAP
    P145 Bakri N12 Bentayan Ng Yak Howe DAP
    P150 Batu Pahat N23 Penggaram Gan Peck Cheng DAP
    P152 Kluang N28 Mengkibol Chew Chong Sin DAP
    P159 Pasir Gudang N42 Johor Jaya Liow Cai Tung DAP
    P160 Johor Bahru N45 Stulang Andrew Chen Kah Eng DAP
    P161 Pulai N46 Perling Liew Chin Tong DAP
    P162 Iskandar Puteri N48 Skudai Marina Ibrahim DAP
    P163 Kulai N52 Senai Wong Bor Yang DAP
     Sabah P172 Kota Kinabalu N19 Likas Tan Lee Fatt DAP
    N21 Luyang Phoong Jin Zhe DAP
    P174 Penampang N25 Kapayan Jannie Lasimbang DAP
    P186 Sandakan N56
    Tanjong Papat
    Frankie Poon Ming Fung DAP
     Sarawak P195 Bandar Kuching N09 Padungan Chong Chieng Jen DAP
    N10 Pending
    Violet Yong Wui Wui
    DAP
    Total Kedah (1), Penang (19), Perak (18), Pahang (6), Selangor (15), Negeri Sembilan (11), Malacca (4), Johor (10), Sabah (4), Sarawak (2)

    DAP state governments

    State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
     Penang
    Chief Minister
    Chow Kon Yeow DAP Padang Kota
    State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
     Penang
    Deputy Chief Minister II
    Jagdeep Singh Deo DAP Datok Keramat

    General election results

    Election Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
    1964
    (as PAP
    )
    1 / 144
    11 42,130 2.0% Increase1 seats; Opposition Lee Kuan Yew
    1969
    13 / 144
    24 286,606 12.1% Increase12 seats; Opposition Goh Hock Guan
    1974
    9 / 144
    46 387,845 18.3% Decrease4 seats; Opposition Lim Kit Siang
    1978
    16 / 154
    53 664,433 19.1% Increase7 seats; Opposition Lim Kit Siang
    1982
    9 / 154
    63 815,473 19.6% Decrease7 seats; Opposition Lim Kit Siang
    1986
    24 / 154
    64 968,009 21.0% Increase15 seats; Opposition Lim Kit Siang
    1990
    20 / 180
    57 985,228 17.13% Decrease4 seats; Opposition coalition
    (Gagasan Rakyat)
    Lim Kit Siang
    1995
    9 / 192
    50 712,175 12.0% Decrease11 seats; Opposition coalition
    (Gagasan Rakyat)
    Lim Kit Siang
    1999
    10 / 193
    47 830,870 12.53% Increase1 seats; Opposition coalition
    (Barisan Alternatif)
    Lim Kit Siang
    2004
    12 / 219
    44 687,340 9.9% Increase2 seats; Opposition Kerk Kim Hock (Secretary-general)
    Lim Kit Siang (Chairman, Central Policy
    & Strategic Planning Commission)
    2008
    28 / 222
    47 1,118,025 13.77% Increase16 seats; Opposition coalition
    (Pakatan Rakyat)
    Lim Guan Eng (Secretary-general)
    Lim Kit Siang (Parliamentary Leader)
    2013
    38 / 222
    51 1,736,601 15.71% Increase10 seats; Opposition coalition
    (Pakatan Rakyat)
    Lim Guan Eng (Secretary-general)
    Lim Kit Siang (Parliamentary Leader)
    2018
    42 / 222
    47 2,040,068 18.48% Increase4 seats; Governing coalition,
    later Opposition coalition
    (Pakatan Harapan)
    Lim Guan Eng (Secretary-general)
    Lim Kit Siang (Parliamentary Leader)
    2022
    40 / 222
    55 2,422,577 15.61% Decrease2 seats; Governing Coalition
    (Pakatan Harapan)
    Lim Guan Eng (Chairman)
    Anthony Loke (Secretary-general)

    State election results

    State election State Legislative Assembly
    Perlis Kedah Kelantan Terengganu Penang Perak Pahang Selangor Negeri Sembilan Malacca Johor Sabah Sarawak Total won / Total contested
    2/3 majority
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    2 / 3
    1964
    (as PAP)
    0 / 12
    0 / 24
    0 / 30
    0 / 24
    0 / 24
    0 / 40
    0 / 24
    0 / 28
    0 / 24
    0 / 20
    0 / 32
    0 / 15
    1969
    0 / 12
    0 / 24
    0 / 30
    0 / 24
    3 / 24
    6 / 40
    0 / 24
    9 / 28
    8 / 24
    4 / 20
    1 / 32
    0 / 48
    31 / 57
    1974
    0 / 12
    1 / 26
    0 / 36
    0 / 28
    2 / 27
    11 / 42
    0 / 32
    1 / 33
    3 / 24
    4 / 20
    1 / 32
    0 / 48
    23 / 120
    1978
    0 / 12
    0 / 26
    0 / 28
    5 / 27
    9 / 42
    0 / 32
    3 / 33
    3 / 24
    4 / 20
    1 / 32
    25 / 127
    1979
    0 / 48
    0 / 11
    1982
    0 / 12
    0 / 26
    0 / 36
    0 / 28
    2 / 27
    4 / 42
    1 / 32
    1 / 33
    2 / 24
    2 / 20
    0 / 32
    12 / 131
    1983
    0 / 48
    0 / 7
    1985
    0 / 48
    0 / 3
    1986
    0 / 14
    0 / 28
    0 / 39
    0 / 32
    10 / 33
    13 / 46
    1 / 33
    5 / 42
    4 / 28
    3 / 20
    1 / 36
    0 / 48
    37 / 118
    1987
    0 / 56
    0 / 11
    1990
    0 / 14
    1 / 28
    0 / 39
    0 / 32
    14 / 33
    13 / 46
    1 / 33
    6 / 42
    4 / 28
    3 / 20
    3 / 36
    0 / 48
    45 / 94
    1991
    0 / 56
    0 / 18
    1994
    0 / 48
    0 / 2
    1995
    0 / 15
    0 / 36
    0 / 43
    0 / 32
    1 / 33
    1 / 52
    1 / 38
    3 / 48
    2 / 32
    3 / 25
    0 / 40
    11 / 103
    1996
    3 / 62
    3 / 6
    1999
    0 / 15
    0 / 36
    0 / 43
    0 / 32
    1 / 33
    4 / 52
    1 / 38
    1 / 48
    0 / 32
    4 / 25
    0 / 40
    0 / 48
    11 / 88
    2001
    1 / 62
    1 / 13
    2004
    0 / 15
    0 / 36
    0 / 45
    0 / 32
    1 / 40
    7 / 59
    1 / 42
    2 / 56
    2 / 36
    2 / 28
    0 / 56
    0 / 60
    15 / 104
    2006
    6 / 71
    6 / 12
    2008
    0 / 15
    1 / 36
    0 / 45
    0 / 32
    19 / 40
    18 / 59
    2 / 42
    13 / 56
    10 / 36
    5 / 28
    4 / 56
    1 / 60
    73 / 102
    2011
    12 / 71
    12 / 15
    2013
    0 / 15
    2 / 36
    0 / 45
    0 / 32
    19 / 40
    18 / 59
    7 / 42
    15 / 56
    11 / 36
    6 / 28
    13 / 56
    4 / 60
    95 / 103
    2016
    7 / 82
    7 / 31
    2018
    0 / 15
    2 / 36
    0 / 45
    0 / 32
    19 / 40
    18 / 59
    7 / 42
    16 / 56
    11 / 36
    8 / 28
    14 / 56
    6 / 60
    101 / 104
    2020
    6 / 73
    6 / 7
    2021
    4 / 28
    4 / 8
    2021
    2 / 82
    2 / 26
    2022
    10 / 56
    10 / 14
    2022
    0 / 15
    18 / 59
    6 / 42
    24 / 30
    2023
    1 / 36
    0 / 45
    0 / 32
    19 / 40
    15 / 56
    11 / 36
    46 / 47

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Jan Senkyr (2013). "Political Awakening in Malaysia". KAS International Reports (7): 75.
    2. . ... The coalition brings together the Islamist Parti SeIslam Malaysia (PAS), the Chineseled left-liberal Democratic Action Party (DAP), originally the Malaysian branch of the Singapore People's Action Party, ...
    3. ^ .
    4. .
    5. ^ a b "About Us: Leadership". Democratic Action Party. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
    6. ^ "Can Malaysia's DAP capture the Muslim and non-Chinese vote?". South China Morning Post. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
    7. ^ a b "2021/118 "Malaysia's Democratic Action Party (DAP): Background and Inner Workings" by Francis E. Hutchinson and Kevin Zhang". ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
    8. ^ "The 4 reasons why PAP Malaya should not be struck off". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 5 September 1965. p. 7. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    9. ^
      hdl:1885/128740. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
      )
    10. ^ "DAP Details". 11th General Election of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2005.
    11. ^ "Opposition parties plan summit". The Straits Times. 18 April 1967. p. 7. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    12. ^ "Leaders to talk on big united front today". The Straits Times. 17 November 1967. p. 24. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    13. ^ "DAP and PPP 'no contest' pact in six places". The Straits Times. 18 March 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    14. ^ "DAP gets a firm 'no' from Dr. Lim". The Straits Times. 14 April 1969. p. 18. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    15. ^ "Devan: Why we won't merge with new party". The Straits Times. 29 March 1968. p. 5. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    16. ^ "'Stop those insinuations about S'pore, says Dr. Chen". The Straits Times. 24 April 1969. p. 7. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    17. ^ "Speech by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew moving the motion on the election of Mr Chengara Veetil Devan Nair as President of the Republic of Singapore on 23 October 1981 at Parliament" (PDF). Government of Singapore. National Archives of Singapore. p. 4. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    18. ^ "DAP and GRM announce pact to contest the General Election". The Straits Times. 22 February 1969. p. 1. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    19. ^ "Text of Mr. Lee Kuan Yew's speech at the Malaysian Solidarity Convention at the National Theatre on 6th June 1965" (PDF). Government of Singapore. National Archives of Singapore. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    20. ^ "DAP warns of the change to come". The Straits Times. 26 January 1969. p. 5. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    21. ^ Jeff Ooi (6 November 2005). "Perils of the sitting duck". JeffOoi.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
    22. .
    23. ^ Goh, pp. 19, 39.
    24. .
    25. .
    26. .
    27. ^ "Revisiting the National Consultative Council". Malaysiakini. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
    28. ^ "Tun hits out at DAP over boycott of NCC". The Straits Times. 12 January 1970. p. 8. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
    29. ^ "Fan Yew Teng – ZeitZug.com - Literarische Online-Sammlung". www.zeitzug.com. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
    30. ^ a b Kassim, Ismail (11 June 2018). The Politics of Accommodation: An Analysis of the 1978 Malaysian General Election. Institute of Southeast Asian.
    31. ^ Lim Kit Siang (6 September 2005). "Hisham – gonna say sorry for UMNO Youth keris episodes?". LimKitSiang.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
    32. ^ Susan Loone (23 May 2002). "Ex-DAP leader assumes Keadilan post, urges opposition unity". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
    33. ^ Anil Netto (10 December 1999). "A wake-up call for ho-hum Malaysian politics". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
    34. Raja Petra Kamaruddin (6 June 2005). "The crossroads for PAS: whereto from here?". Malaysia Today. Archived from the original
      on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    35. ^ "Malaysia Election 2004". The Star. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 12 November 2005. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    36. ^ "Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri". Election Commission of Malaysia. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Percentage figures based on total turnout (including votes for candidates not listed).
    37. ^ "MALAYSIA DECIDES 2008 > General Election 2008 Results". The Star. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2008.
    38. ^ M. Mageswari; Loh Foon Fong (9 March 2008). "DAP leaders also surprised". The Star. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
    39. ^ "Election 2008 Results: Lim Guan Eng is next Penang CM, promises fair & just administration". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
    40. ^ "PAS-DAP ties no more, Syura Council confirms in final decision". The Malay Mail. Today Online. 11 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    41. ^ Sumisha Naidu (16 June 2015). "Malaysia's opposition Pakatan Rakyat alliance ceases to exist: DAP". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    42. ^ "DAP declares Pakatan Rakyat ceases to exist". The Malaysian Reserve. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    43. ^ Looi Sue-chern (14 January 2013). "DAP CEC member Zairil not a Malay". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    44. ^ "Two DAP members lodge reports with ROS, alleging fraud in party elections". Bernama. The Star. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    45. ^ Regina Lee (18 April 2013). "DAP to contest under PKR, PAS banners if RoS does not revoke letter derecognising party's CEC". The Star. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    46. ^ a b Hafiz Yatim; Susan Loone (19 April 2013). "Use rocket first during nomination, says Guan Eng". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    47. ^ Opalyn Mok; Emily Ding (20 April 2013). "DAP gets to ride the rocket for GE13". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    48. ^ "Keputusan Pemilihan Semula CEC Kongres Khas DAP 2013". roketkini.com. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
    49. ^ "Kota Melaka MP, three state reps leave DAP". The Malay Mail. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
    50. ^ Suzianah Jiffar (2 April 2018). "Warisan will work only with Pakatan Harapan for GE14". New Straits Times. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    51. ^ "Warisan and Pakatan Harapan team up in Sabah for Malaysia elections". The Straits Times. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    52. ^ "14th General Election [Results Overview]". The Star. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    53. ^ Sadho Ram (12 May 2018). "Lim Guan Eng Is Our New Finance Minister". Says.com. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    54. ^ "Malaysia Lim Guan Eng: "I'm sorry, I don't consider myself Chinese. I'm Malaysian"". World of Buzz. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    55. ^ "Anthony Loke is new DAP parliamentary leader". 11 July 2018.
    56. ^ Zahari, Balqis Jazimah (9 March 2020). "Tiga ADUN Perak isytihar keluar parti". Harian Metro.
    57. ^ "DAP pecat Norhizam Hassan Baktee | Astro Awani". Archived from the original on 11 March 2020.
    58. ^ Tawie, Sulok (30 July 2020). "DAP sacks appointed Sabah rep who backed Musa's takeover bid | Malay Mail". www.malaymail.com.
    59. ^ Tawie, Sulok (27 July 2020). "Sarawak DAP vice-chief quits party, cites disillusionment with leadership | Malay Mail". www.malaymail.com.
    60. ^ "UMNO's Muhyiddin possesses neither class nor standard!". The Rocket. 3 August 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
    61. ^ "Ahmad Nor – a far-sighted and visionary leader". Retrieved 15 September 2019.
    62. ^ "DAP cadang 10 calon Melayu, paling ramai sejak 1966". Free Malaysia Today. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
    63. ^ "Kadazandusun Bosi's resignation halts chances to make inroads in Sabah". TheStar. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
    64. ^ "Why DAP still isn't very popular with Malays: Analysts explain". MalayMail. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
    65. ^ "嘉化: 行动党招揽华团人士捞取选票制造分裂". Nanyang Siang Po. 20 August 1990.
    66. ^ Lim Kit Siang (2002). "Media statement by Lim Kit Siang". Democratic Action Party. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    67. ^ Shannon Teoh (17 November 2011). "DAP: Ismail Sabri's racism claims over Kedai Rakyat exposes baseless". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    68. ^ Aaron Ngui (4 October 2011). "Guan Eng testifies he is not a racist". The Sun. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    69. ^ a b Lim Guan Eng (11 July 2013). "Official Launching of UBAH inflatable bird (Water Ubah) at 10am, 13 July, at IJM Promenade". LimGuanEng.com. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    70. ^ @dapmalaysia (1 January 2013). "Merchandise incl Ubah plush toys selling like hot cakes!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    71. ^ R. Pavithraa. "Political mascots come into play". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    72. ^ Tan Zi Hao (2013). "Visibility as Power – Mascot, Logo, and Installation". Malaysia Design Archive. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    73. ^ Raymond Tan (3 May 2011). "Ubah's runaway success astounds its designer". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    74. ^ Democratic Action Party (DAP). "DAP Multimedia Archive". DAP Official Website. Democratic Action Party. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
    75. ^ Democratic Action Party (DAP). "DAP Multimedia Archive". DAP Official Website. Democratic Action Party. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
    76. ^ Liew Chin Tong (8 October 2013). "What Utusan doesn't know about DAP". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
    77. ^ "DAP's Central Executive Committee takes place with 93 candidates vying for 30 seats". Mala yMail. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

    Notes

    1. ^ The party contested under the banner of the People's Justice Party as Pakatan Harapan was yet to be officially registered by the government, meaning its logo could not be used.
    • James Chin. The Sarawak Chinese Voters and their support for the Democratic Action Party (DAP), Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1996, pp 387–401
    • James Chin. The Malaysian Chinese Dilemma: The Never Ending Policy (NEP), Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Vol 3, 2009

    Further reading

    • Zhang, Kevin; Choo, John; Fong, Sok Eng (2022). The Democratic Action Party in Johor. ISEAS Publishing. .

    External links