Demographics of Australia
Demographics of Australia | |
---|---|
Population | 26,997,958 (as of January 2024) |
Growth rate | 1.60% (2023 est.) |
Birth rate | 12.3 births/1,000 population |
Death rate | 6.77 deaths/1,000 population |
Life expectancy | 83.09 years |
• male | 80.93 years |
• female | 85.36 years |
Fertility rate | 1.63 children |
Infant mortality rate | 3.01 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 6.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Australian |
Major ethnic | Irish English Scottish Chinese Italians Germans Aboriginal Australians Arabs[N 1] Greeks Dutch Vietnamese various others |
The population of Australia is estimated to be 27,155,800 as of 23 April 2024.[1] Australia is the 56th[2] most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.[3]
Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage.[4]
Australia has an average
Cities
Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.[7]
Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sydney | NSW | 5,259,764 | 11 | Geelong | Vic | 289,400 | ||
2 | Melbourne | Vic | 4,976,157 | 12 | Hobart | Tas | 251,047 | ||
3 | Brisbane | Qld | 2,568,927 | 13 | Townsville | Qld | 181,665 | ||
4 | Perth | WA | 2,192,229 | 14 | Cairns | Qld | 155,638 | ||
5 | Adelaide | SA | 1,402,393 | 15 | Darwin | NT | 148,801 | ||
6 | Tweed Heads |
Qld/NSW | 706,673 | 16 | Toowoomba | Qld | 143,994 | ||
7 | Newcastle–Maitland | NSW | 509,894 | 17 | Ballarat | Vic | 111,702 | ||
8 | Canberra–Queanbeyan | ACT/NSW | 482,250 | 18 | Bendigo | Vic | 102,899 | ||
9 | Sunshine Coast | Qld | 355,631 | 19 | Albury-Wodonga |
NSW/Vic | 97,676 | ||
10 | Wollongong | NSW | 305,880 | 20 | Launceston | Tas | 93,332 |
Ancestry
The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 65,000 years ago,[9] most probably from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea.[10]
Captain James Cook claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,[11] divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages.
Between 1788 and the
The
- English(33%)
- Australian (29.9%)[N 2]
- Irish(9.5%)
- Scottish(8.6%)
- Chinese(5.5%)
- Italian(4.4%)
- German(4%)
- Indian(3.1%)
- Aboriginal (2.9%)[N 3]
- Greek(1.7%)
- Filipino(1.6%)
- Dutch(1.5%)
- Vietnamese(1.3%)
- Lebanese(1%)
- Polish(0.8%)
At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being Indigenous — Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.[N 4][18] In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation's has declined rapidly.[19]
Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background, various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia, the
Immigration minister
Immigration and country of birth
In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas.[23]
Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I,
The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2021. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022)[27] | |
---|---|
Place of birth | Estimated resident population[A] |
Total Australian-born | 18,332,620 |
Total foreign-born | 7,680,450 |
England[B] | 961,370 |
India | 753,520 |
China[C] | 597,440 |
New Zealand | 586,020 |
Philippines | 320,300 |
Vietnam | 281,810 |
South Africa | 206,730 |
Malaysia | 176,210 |
Italy | 161,560 |
Nepal | 151,140 |
Sri Lanka | 145,430 |
Scotland[B] | 125,030 |
United States | 112,580 |
Hong Kong[C] | 112,520 |
South Korea | 108,810 |
Germany | 104,710 |
Iraq | 104,170 |
Pakistan | 103,120 |
- ^ Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
- ^ a b The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the United Kingdom. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.
- ^ a b In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, Mainland China, Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately.
As of 2020, 29.8% of Australia's population was born overseas and 76% as of 2016 had European ancestry. The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s, which is around the time the White Australia policy was abolished.
Religion
At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having
The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:
Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.
Historically,
As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.[34] Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The Catholic education system is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 795,000 students (and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments).[35]
Language
The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants.
Although Australia has no official language, English has always been the
At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are
Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual.Over 250
Australia has its own sign language, Auslan. It is the main language of about 5,500 deaf people.[42]
Indigenous population
The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of indigenous Australians to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 40,000 years ago.[10]
Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century. Captain
Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in New South Wales (208,476) and Queensland (188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The Northern Territory has an Indigenous population of 61,115, which represents 26.3% of the total Northern Territory population.[45]
States and territories
State/territory | Population (June 2023 estimate)[46] |
Land area | Population density | % of total
national population |
% of population living in capital |
Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
km² | mi² | per km² | per mi² | |||||
New South Wales | 8,339,300 | 800,642 | 309,130 | 8.64 | 22 | 32% | 63% | [47] |
Victoria | 6,812,500 | 227,416 | 87,806 | 23.54 | 61 | 26% | 71% | [48] |
Queensland | 5,459,400 | 1,730,648 | 668,207 | 2.50 | 6 | 20% | 46% | [49] |
Western Australia | 2,878,600 | 2,239,170 | 864,548 | 0.89 | 2 | 10% | 73.4% | [50] |
South Australia | 1,851,700 | 983,482 | 379,725 | 1.62 | 4 | 7% | 73.5% | [51] |
Tasmania | 572,800 | 68,401 | 26,410 | 7.24 | 19 | 2% | 41% | [52] |
Australian Capital Territory | 466,800 | 2,358 | 910 | 151.49 | 392 | 2% | 100% | [53] |
Northern Territory | 252,500 | 1,349,129 | 520,902 | 0.16 | 0.4 | 1% | 54% | [54] |
Historical population
Population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750,000.[55] Where available, actual population figures from census years are included.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Indigenous population | ±% |
---|---|---|
pre 1788 | 300,000 to 1,000,000 | — |
Source: [56] |
Year | Non-indigenous population | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1788 | 859 | — |
1798 | 4,588 | +18.24% |
1808 | 10,263 | +8.38% |
1818 | 25,859 | +9.68% |
1828 | 58,197 | +8.45% |
1838 | 151,868 | +10.07% |
1848 | 332,328 | +8.15% |
1858 | 1,050,828 | +12.20% |
1868 | 1,539,552 | +3.89% |
1878 | 2,092,164 | +3.11% |
1888 | 2,981,677 | +3.61% |
1898 | 3,664,715 | +2.08% |
Source: [57] |
Year | Total population | ±% |
---|---|---|
1901 | 3,788,123 | — |
1906 | 4,059,083 | +7.2% |
1911 | 4,489,545 | +10.6% |
1916 | 4,943,173 | +10.1% |
1921 | 5,455,136 | +10.4% |
1926 | 6,056,360 | +11.0% |
1931 | 6,526,485 | +7.8% |
1936 | 6,778,372 | +3.9% |
1941 | 7,109,898 | +4.9% |
1946 | 7,465,157 | +5.0% |
1951 | 8,421,775 | +12.8% |
1956 | 9,425,563 | +11.9% |
1961 | 10,548,267 | +11.9% |
1966 | 11,599,498 | +10.0% |
1971 | 13,067,265 | +12.7% |
1976 | 14,033,083 | +7.4% |
1981 | 14,923,260 | +6.3% |
1986 | 16,018,350 | +7.3% |
1991 | 17,284,036 | +7.9% |
1996 | 18,224,767 | +5.4% |
2001 | 18,769,249 | +3.0% |
2006 | 19,855,288 | +5.8% |
2011 | 21,507,717 | +8.3% |
2016 | 23,401,892 | +8.8% |
2021 | 25,417,978 | +8.6% |
Note: Estimated populations prior to 1961 do not include the Indigenous population. Source: [58][59][60][61][62] |
Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899
The
The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation.
1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.94 | 5.01 | 4.07 | 5.03 | 4.86 | 5.32 | 5.19 | 5.63 | 5.71 | 5.75 |
1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 |
5.71 | 5.67 | 5.8 | 5.59 | 5.75 | 5.64 | 5.33 | 5.41 | 5.43 | 5.19 |
1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 |
5.19 | 5.09 | 4.97 | 5.01 | 4.93 | 4.81 | 4.81 | 4.69 | 4.74 | 4.8 |
1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 |
4.73 | 4.73 | 4.62 | 4.66 | 4.77 | 4.78 | 4.74 | 4.77 | 4.76 | 4.65 |
1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 |
4.69 | 4.62 | 4.52 | 4.4 | 4.13 | 4.07 | 3.81 | 3.78 | 3.64 | 3.66 |
Crude birth rates from 1860 to 1899
The crude birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a year. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[64]
1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
42.6 | 42.3 | 43.3 | 41.7 | 42.9 | 42.1 | 39.8 | 40.4 | 40.5 | 38.7 |
1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 |
38.7 | 38.0 | 37.1 | 37.4 | 36.8 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 35.0 | 35.4 | 35.8 |
1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 |
35.3 | 35.3 | 34.5 | 34.8 | 35.6 | 35.7 | 35.4 | 35.6 | 35.5 | 34.7 |
1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 |
35.0 | 34.5 | 33.7 | 32.8 | 30.8 | 30.4 | 28.4 | 28.2 | 27.2 | 27.3 |
Historical distribution of the total population by age
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[65][66][67][68]
Ages | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2007 | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–14 |
35.1 | 31.6 | 31.8 | 28.5 | 24.2 | 27.2 | 30.3 | 28.7 | 25.0 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 19.4 | 18.6 |
15–24 |
19.4 | 20.1 | 16.9 | 18.1 | 17.5 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 16.0 | 13.7 | 14.0 | 12.8 |
25–44 |
29.4 | 28.8 | 30.0 | 29.3 | 30.0 | 29.4 | 27.7 | 27.4 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 30.0 | 29.2 | 27.9 |
45–64 |
12.0 | 14.8 | 17.0 | 18.0 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 19.9 | 20.0 | 19.2 | 19.3 | 23.1 | 25.0 | 25.1 |
65 years |
4.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 15.8 |
Total (%) | 100 | 99.6 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Historical median age of the population
Years | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2015 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median age of the total population | 22.5 | 24.0 | 25.8 | 30.3 | 29.3 | 27.7 | 29.6 | 32.4 | 35.7 | 37.4 | 38.7 |
Median age of males | 23.6 | 24.6 | 26.1 | 29.9 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 29.0 | 31.7 | 34.9 | 37.9 | |
Median age of females | 21.5 | 23.4 | 25.5 | 30.8 | 30.2 | 28.3 | 30.2 | 33.0 | 36.4 | 39.5 |
Vital statistics since 1900
Source:[71]
Average population (June 1, form 2017 Dec 31) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1,000) | Crude death rate (per 1,000) | Natural change (per 1,000) | Crude migration change (per 1,000) | Net overseas migration[72][73][74] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 3,715,000 | 102,221 | 44,060 | 58,161 | 27.3 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 3.66 | ||
1901 | 3,765,000 | 102,945 | 46,330 | 56,615 | 27.1 | 12.2 | 14.9 | -1.6 | 3.64 | |
1902 | 3,824,000 | 102,776 | 48,078 | 54,698 | 26.7 | 12.5 | 14.2 | 1.4 | 3.39 | |
1903 | 3,875,000 | 98,443 | 47,293 | 51,150 | 25.3 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 12.0 | 3.58 | |
1904 | 3,916,000 | 104,113 | 43,572 | 60,541 | 26.4 | 11.0 | 15.4 | -4.9 | 3.54 | |
1905 | 3,974,000 | 104,941 | 43,514 | 61,427 | 26.2 | 10.9 | 15.3 | -0.6 | 3.51 | |
1906 | 4,032,000 | 107,890 | 44,333 | 63,557 | 26.6 | 10.9 | 15.7 | -1.2 | 3.35 | |
1907 | 4,091,000 | 110,347 | 45,305 | 55,042 | 26.7 | 11.0 | 15.7 | 1.2 | 3.35 | |
1908 | 4,161,000 | 111,545 | 46,426 | 55,119 | 26.6 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 3.9 | 3.35 | |
1909 | 4,232,000 | 114,071 | 44,172 | 59,899 | 26.7 | 10.3 | 16.4 | 2.9 | 3.35 | |
1910 | 4,323,000 | 116,801 | 45,590 | 61,211 | 26.7 | 10.4 | 16.3 | 7.3 | 3.35 | |
1911 | 4,425,000 | 122,193 | 47,869 | 74,324 | 27.2 | 10.6 | 16.6 | 6.8 | 3.51 | |
1912 | 4,573,000 | 133,088 | 52,177 | 80,911 | 28.6 | 11.2 | 17.4 | 15.8 | 3.51 | |
1913 | 4,820,172 | 135,714 | 51,789 | 83,925 | 28.2 | 10.7 | 17.5 | 36.6 | 3.51 | |
1914 | 4,893,000 | 137,983 | 51,720 | 86,263 | 28.0 | 10.5 | 17.5 | -2.5 | 3.51 | |
1915 | 4,971,000 | 134,871 | 52,782 | 82,089 | 27.1 | 10.6 | 16.5 | -0.6 | 3.51 | |
1916 | 4,969,000 | 131,426 | 54,197 | 77,219 | 26.6 | 11.0 | 15.6 | -15.9 | 3.07 | |
1917 | 4,917,000 | 129,965 | 48,029 | 81,936 | 26.3 | 9.7 | 16.6 | -27.1 | 3.35 | |
1918 | 4,982,000 | 125,739 | 50,249 | 75,490 | 25.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | -1.9 | 3.07 | |
1919 | 5,080,000 | 122,290 | 65,930 | 56,360 | 23.6 | 12.7 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 3.07 | |
1920 | 5,303,000 | 136,406 | 56,289 | 80,117 | 25.5 | 10.5 | 15.5 | 28.8 | 3.07 | |
1921 | 5,411,000 | 136,198 | 54,076 | 82,122 | 24.9 | 9.9 | 15.0 | 5.2 | 3.12 | |
1922 | 5,510,000 | 137,496 | 51,311 | 86,185 | 24.7 | 9.2 | 15.5 | 2.7 | 3.11 | |
1923 | 5,637,000 | 135,222 | 56,236 | 78,986 | 23.7 | 9.9 | 13.8 | 9.0 | 3.02 | |
1924 | 5,755,000 | 134,927 | 54,980 | 79,953 | 23.2 | 9.4 | 13.8 | 7.0 | 2.97 | |
1925 | 5,882,000 | 135,792 | 54,658 | 81,134 | 22.9 | 9.2 | 13.7 | 8.3 | 2.95 | |
1926 | 6,000,000 | 133,162 | 56,952 | 76,210 | 22.0 | 9.4 | 12.6 | 7.4 | 2.85 | |
1927 | 6,124,000 | 133,698 | 58,282 | 75,716 | 21.6 | 9.4 | 12.2 | 8.3 | 2.80 | |
1928 | 6,251,000 | 134,078 | 59,378 | 74,700 | 21.3 | 9.4 | 11.9 | 8.8 | 2.77 | |
1929 | 6,355,000 | 129,480 | 60,857 | 68,623 | 20.2 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 5.8 | 2.64 | |
1930 | 6,436,000 | 128,399 | 55,331 | 73,068 | 19.8 | 8.6 | 11.2 | 1.4 | 2.58 | |
1931 | 6,500,000 | 118,509 | 56,560 | 61,949 | 18.2 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 0.4 | 2.36 | |
1932 | 6,552,000 | 110,933 | 56,757 | 54,176 | 16.9 | 8.6 | 8.3 | -0.3 | 2.19 | |
1933 | 6,603,000 | 111,269 | 59,117 | 52,152 | 16.8 | 8.9 | 7.9 | -0.1 | 2.17 | |
1934 | 6,656,000 | 109,475 | 62,229 | 47,246 | 16.4 | 9.3 | 7.1 | 0.9 | 2.11 | |
1935 | 6,707,000 | 111,325 | 63,599 | 47,726 | 16.5 | 9.4 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 2.12 | |
1936 | 6,755,000 | 116,073 | 63,932 | 52,141 | 17.1 | 9.4 | 7.7 | -0.6 | 2.18 | |
1937 | 6,810,000 | 119,131 | 64,496 | 54,635 | 17.4 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 0.1 | 2.21 | |
1938 | 6,871,000 | 120,415 | 66,451 | 53,964 | 17.4 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 2.21 | |
1939 | 6,935,000 | 122,891 | 69,147 | 53,744 | 17.6 | 9.9 | 7.7 | 1.6 | 2.22 | |
1940 | 7,004,000 | 126,347 | 68,384 | 57,963 | 17.9 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 1.7 | 2.26 | |
1941 | 7,077,000 | 134,525 | 71,176 | 63,349 | 18.9 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 1.5 | 2.36 | |
1942 | 7,143,000 | 136,708 | 75,191 | 61,517 | 19.1 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 0.7 | 2.38 | |
1943 | 7,201,000 | 149,295 | 74,486 | 74,809 | 20.6 | 10.3 | 10.3 | -2.3 | 2.57 | |
1944 | 7,269,000 | 153,344 | 69,596 | 83,748 | 21.0 | 9.5 | 11.5 | -2.1 | 2.63 | |
1945 | 7,347,000 | 160,560 | 70,231 | 90,229 | 21.7 | 9.5 | 12.2 | -1.6 | 2.74 | |
1946 | 7,430,000 | 176,379 | 74,661 | 101,718 | 23.6 | 10.0 | 13.6 | -2.4 | 2.99 | |
1947 | 7,517,000 | 182,384 | 73,468 | 108,916 | 24.1 | 9.7 | 14.4 | -2.8 | 3.08 | |
1948 | 7,637,000 | 177,976 | 76,839 | 101,137 | 23.1 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 2.7 | 2.98 | |
1949 | 7,792,000 | 181,261 | 75,260 | 106,001 | 22.9 | 9.5 | 13.4 | 6.7 | 2.99 | |
1950 | 8,045,000 | 190,591 | 78,187 | 112,404 | 23.3 | 9.6 | 13.7 | 18.5 | 3.01 | |
1951 | 8,307,000 | 193,298 | 81,788 | 111,510 | 23.0 | 9.7 | 13.3 | 31.2 | 3.06 | |
1952 | 8,527,000 | 201,650 | 81,597 | 120,053 | 23.4 | 9.5 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 3.15 | |
1953 | 8,739,000 | 202,235 | 80,188 | 122,047 | 22.9 | 9.1 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 3.23 | |
1954 | 8,902,000 | 202,256 | 81,805 | 120,451 | 22.5 | 9.1 | 13.4 | 5.1 | 3.3 | |
1955 | 9,089,000 | 207,677 | 82,036 | 125,641 | 22.6 | 8.9 | 13.7 | 7.2 | 3.35 | |
1956 | 9,311,000 | 212,633 | 86,088 | 126,545 | 22.5 | 9.1 | 13.4 | 10.8 | 3.39 | |
1957 | 9,530,000 | 220,358 | 84,953 | 135,405 | 22.9 | 8.8 | 14.1 | 9.3 | 3.41 | |
1958 | 9,744,000 | 222,504 | 83,723 | 138,481 | 22.6 | 8.5 | 14.1 | 8.2 | 3.42 | |
1959 | 9,947,000 | 226,976 | 89,212 | 137,765 | 22.6 | 8.9 | 13.7 | 7.0 | 3.41 | |
1960 | 10,160,000 | 230,326 | 88,464 | 141,862 | 22.4 | 8.6 | 13.8 | 7.5 | 3.39 | |
1961 | 10,391,000 | 239,986 | 88,961 | 151,025 | 22.8 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 3.35 | |
1962 | 10,642,000 | 237,081 | 93,163 | 143,918 | 22.1 | 8.7 | 13.4 | 10.6 | 3.3 | |
1963 | 10,846,000 | 235,689 | 94,894 | 140,795 | 21.5 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 6.2 | 3.24 | |
1964 | 11,055,000 | 229,149 | 100,594 | 128,555 | 20.5 | 8.7 | 11.8 | 7.6 | 3.17 | |
1965 | 11,280,000 | 222,854 | 99,715 | 123,139 | 19.6 | 8.8 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 2.97 | |
1966 | 11,505,000 | 223,731 | 103,929 | 119,802 | 19.3 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 2.89 | |
1967 | 11,704,000 | 229,796 | 102,703 | 127,093 | 19.4 | 8.7 | 10.7 | 6.4 | 2.85 | |
1968 | 11,912,000 | 240,906 | 109,547 | 131,359 | 20.0 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 6.7 | 2.89 | |
1969 | 12,145,000 | 250,175 | 106,496 | 143,681 | 20.4 | 8.7 | 11.7 | 7.7 | 2.93 | |
1970 | 12,407,000 | 257,516 | 113,048 | 144,468 | 20.5 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 2.94 | |
1971 | 12,663,000 | 276,361 | 110,650 | 165,711 | 21.5 | 8.6 | 12.9 | 7.5 | 2.98 | |
1972 | 13,067,000 | 271,960 | 110,191 | 161,769 | 20.6 | 8.4 | 12.2 | 19.5 | 2.74 | |
1973 | 13,303,000 | 255,848 | 111,336 | 144,512 | 19.1 | 8.3 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 2.49 | |
1974 | 13,504,000 | 243,658 | 110,179 | 133,479 | 17.9 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 5.2 | 2.32 | |
1975 [75] | 13,771,400 | 239,794 | 114,501 | 125,293 | 17.4 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 2.15 | |
1976 | 13,915,500 | 231,135 | 110,610 | 120,525 | 16.6 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 1.8 | 2.06 | |
1977 | 14,074,100 | 226,954 | 111,490 | 115,464 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 3.2 | 2.01 | |
1978 | 14,248,600 | 226,359 | 108,059 | 118,300 | 15.9 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 4.1 | 1.95 | |
1979 | 14,521,700 | 223,370 | 108,315 | 115,055 | 15.5 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 11.2 | 1.91 | |
1980 | 14,695,400 | 223,664 | 106,654 | 117,010 | 15.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 1.89 | |
1981 | 14,923,300 | 230,920 | 109,429 | 121,491 | 15.6 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 1.94 | |
1982 | 15,178,400 | 237,076 | 110,990 | 116,086 | 15.7 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 1.93 | 128,100 |
1983 | 15,393,500 | 241,764 | 112,918 | 128,846 | 15.8 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 5.8 | 1.92 | 73,300 |
1984 | 15,579,400 | 240,544 | 110,887 | 129,657 | 15.5 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 3.8 | 1.84 | 49,100 |
1985 | 15,788,300 | 241,814 | 114,197 | 127,617 | 15.4 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 5.3 | 1.92 | 73,800 |
1986 | 16,018,400 | 239,115 | 116,069 | 123,046 | 15.0 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 1.87 | 100,500 |
1987 | 16,263,900 | 242,977 | 116,139 | 126,838 | 15.0 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 1.85 | 125,800 |
1988 | 16,532,200 | 246,200 | 120,463 | 125,737 | 15.0 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 8.9 | 1.83 | 149,400 |
1989 | 16,814,400 | 250,155 | 118,767 | 131,388 | 15.1 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 1.84 | 157,500 |
1990 | 17,065,100 | 257,521 | 125,112 | 132,409 | 15.3 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 1.90 | 124,700 |
1991 | 17,284,000 | 261,158 | 119,572 | 141,586 | 15.2 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 4.6 | 1.85 | 86,500 |
1992 | 17,494,700 | 259,200 | 120,836 | 138,800 | 14.9 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 4.3 | 1.89 | 68,600 |
1993 | 17,667,100 | 259,959 | 121,338 | 138,621 | 14.8 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 2.9 | 1.86 | 30,100 |
1994 | 17,854,700 | 258,314 | 123,496 | 134,818 | 14.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 1.84 | 46,600 |
1995 | 18,071,800 | 258,210 | 126,232 | 131,978 | 14.4 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 4.9 | 1.82 | 80,200 |
1996 | 18,310,700 | 250,438 | 126,400 | 124,038 | 13.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 1.80 | 104,000 |
1997 | 18,517,600 | 253,660 | 127,298 | 126,362 | 13.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 1.78 | 87,200 |
1998 | 18,711,300 | 249,105 | 129,255 | 119,850 | 13.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 1.75 | 79,100 |
1999 | 18,925,900 | 249,965 | 128,278 | 121,487 | 13.3 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 1.75 | 96,500 |
2000 | 19,153,400 | 249,310 | 128,392 | 120,918 | 13.1 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 1.75 | 107,200 |
2001 | 19,413,200 | 247,500 | 128,913 | 118,587 | 12.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 1.73 | 135,700 |
2002 | 19,654,900 | 247,400 | 130,300 | 117,200 | 12.9 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 1.77 | 110,600 |
2003 | 19,902,700 | 247,400 | 132,239 | 115,200 | 12.5 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 1.75 | 116,500 |
2004 | 20,139,800 | 252,100 | 133,231 | 115,851 | 12.4 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 1.76 | 100,000 |
2005 | 20,409,100 | 255,800 | 131,354 | 124,580 | 12.6 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 1.79 | 123,800 |
2006 | 20,697,900 | 263,500 | 134,000 | 129,500 | 12.8 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 1.82 | 146,700 |
2007 | 21,015,900 | 277,700 | 136,000 | 141,700 | 13.2 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 1.87 | 232,700 |
2008 | 21,384,400 | 289,500 | 140,800 | 148,700 | 14.4 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 2.02 | 277,400 |
2009 | 21,778,800 | 297,100 | 143,700 | 153,400 | 13.9 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 1.97 | 299,800 |
2010 | 22,031,900 | 304,200 | 141,500 | 162,600 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 1.95 | 172,038 |
2011 | 22,340,000 | 301,200 | 145,400 | 155,800 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 1.92 | 205,679 |
2012 | 22,733,500 | 306,000 | 147,200 | 158,800 | 13.6 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 10.6 | 1.93 | 241,151 |
2013 | 23,128,100 | 311,100 | 149,200 | 161,900 | 13.3 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 1.88 | 235,797 |
2014 | 23,475,700 | 307,000 | 150,000 | 157,000 | 12.8 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 1.80 | 179,000 |
2015 | 23,816,000 | 307,700 | 155,900 | 151,800 | 12.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 8.1 | 1.80 | 181,000 |
2016[76] | 24,385,600 | 311,800 | 157,400 | 154,400 | 12.9 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 1.79 | 243,800 |
2017 | 24,770,700[77] | 308,500 | 160,300 | 148,200 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 9.7 | 1.74 | 241,700 |
2018 | 25,180,200[78] | 314,900[79] | 158,500 | 156,400 | 12.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 10.2 | 1.75 | 248,400 |
2019 | 25,522,169 | 305,800 | 166,700 | 139,100 | 12.1 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 1.67 | 210,700 |
2020 | 25,694,400 | 294,400 | 161,400 | 133,000 | 11.5 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 1.5 | 1.59 | 3,300 |
2021 | 25,766,605(C) | 309,996 | 171,469 | 138,527 | 12.1 | 6.7 | 5.4 | -2.6 | 1.70 | -3,600 |
2022 | 26,268,359 | 300,684 | 190,745 | 109,800 | 11.6 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 15.2 | 1.63 | 387,000 |
Current vital statistics
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January - September 2022 | 228,759 | 146,865 | +81,894 |
January - September 2023 | 220,727 | 138,876 | +81,851 |
Difference | -8,032 (-3.51%) | -7,989 (-5.44%) | -43 |
In 2012, the total fertility rate of Australian-born women was 1.94, while for overseas-born women, it was 1.81,[80] while in 2013, it was 1.91 and 1.79 respectively.[81] In 2017, TFR was 1.68 for overseas women (overseas father 1.73) and 1.78 for native women (native father 1.69).
Structure of the population
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 11 546 638 | 11 855 248 | 23 401 892 | 100 |
0–4 | 752 142 | 712 638 | 1 464 779 | 6.26 |
5–9 | 771 055 | 731 592 | 1 502 646 | 6.42 |
10–14 | 717 629 | 679 553 | 1 397 183 | 5.97 |
15–19 | 727 677 | 693 915 | 1 421 595 | 6.07 |
20–24 | 795 423 | 771 369 | 1 566 793 | 6.70 |
25–29 | 824 084 | 840 525 | 1 664 602 | 7.11 |
30–34 | 839 821 | 864 026 | 1 703 847 | 7.28 |
35–39 | 773 132 | 788 548 | 1 561 679 | 6.67 |
40–44 | 777 702 | 805 551 | 1 583 257 | 6.77 |
45–49 | 773 170 | 808 282 | 1 581 455 | 6.76 |
50–54 | 748 954 | 774 601 | 1 523 551 | 6.51 |
55–59 | 709 115 | 745 214 | 1 454 332 | 6.21 |
60–64 | 632 357 | 667 048 | 1 299 397 | 5.55 |
65-69 | 581 230 | 607 766 | 1 188 999 | 5.08 |
70-74 | 431 325 | 456 390 | 887 716 | 3.79 |
75-79 | 307 441 | 345 217 | 652 657 | 2.79 |
80-84 | 204 026 | 256 529 | 460 549 | 1.97 |
85-89 | 123 502 | 185 463 | 308 960 | 1.32 |
90-94 | 46 828 | 93 570 | 140 398 | 0.60 |
95-99 | 9 244 | 24 672 | 33 920 | 0.14 |
100+ | 777 | 2 788 | 3 569 | 0.02 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 240 826 | 2 123 783 | 4 364 609 | 18.65 |
15–64 | 7 601 439 | 7 759 070 | 15 360 509 | 65.64 |
65+ | 1 704 373 | 1 972 395 | 3 676 768 | 15.71 |
Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015
Sources:
1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
61.0 | 62.9 | 61.7 | 62.5 | 63.2 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.9 | 63.1 | |
1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 |
64.9 | 65.3 | 65.6 | 65.4 | 64.8 | 65.1 | 65.2 | 65.8 | 65.8 | 65.8 |
1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 |
66.2 | 66.1 | 65.9 | 66.4 | 68.0 | 68.5 | 68.0 | 68.6 | 68.5 | 69.1 |
Source: Our World in Data[83]
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 69.4 | 1985–1990 | 76.2 |
1955–1960 | 70.4 | 1990–1995 | 77.7 |
1960–1965 | 70.9 | 1995–2000 | 78.8 |
1965–1970 | 70.8 | 2000–2005 | 80.3 |
1970–1975 | 71.8 | 2005–2010 | 81.5 |
1975–1980 | 73.6 | 2010–2015 | 82.3 |
1980–1985 | 75.1 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects[84]
Other general demographic statistics
As of the year to 30 June 2023, the population growth rate was 2.4%.[85] This rate was based on estimates of (June 2023):[1]
- one birth every 1 minute and 42 seconds,
- one death every 2 minutes and 52 seconds,
- one migrant person arriving to live in Australia every 45 seconds,
- one Australian resident leaving Australia to live overseas every 2 minutes and 43 seconds, leading to
- an overall total population increase of one person every 50 seconds.
Much of the data that follows has been derived from the CIA World Factbook[74] and the Australian Bureau of Statistics, through censuses.
Population
The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data.
- 27,155,800 (as of 23 April 2024)[1]
- 23,470,145 (July 2018 est.)
- 23,232,413 (July 2017 est.)
- 21,262,641 (July 2009 – CIA World Factbook)
Age structure
- 0–14 years: 17.75% (male 2,138,080 /female 2,027,583)
- 15–24 years: 12.62% (male 1,520,528 /female 1,442,461)
- 25–54 years: 41.35% (male 4,944,587 /female 4,760,752)
- 55–64 years: 11.84% (male 1,379,681 /female 1,398,177)
- 65 years and over: 16.44% (male 1,786,595 /female 2,071,701) (2018 est.)
- 0–14 years: 17.8% (male 2,122,139/female 2,012,670)
- 15–24 years: 12.79% (male 1,524,368/female 1,446,663)
- 25–54 years: 41.45% (male 4,903,130/female 4,725,976)
- 55–64 years: 11.83% (male 1,363,331/female 1,384,036)
- 65 years and over: 16.14% (male 1,736,951/female 2,013,149) (2017 est.)
Median age
- total: 38.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 58th
- male: 38.1 years
- female: 39.7 years (2018 est.)
- Total: 36.9 years[86]
- Male: 36.6 years
- Female: 38.1 years (2009 est.)
Birth rate
- 12 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 165th
- 12.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
- 12.47 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 164)
Death rate
- 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 118th
- 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 146)
Total fertility rate
- 1.77 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 155th
Net migration rate
- 5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 22nd
- 5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) (Rank 21)
- 6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (2009 est.) (Rank 15)
Population growth rate
- 1.6% (2023 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
- 28.7 years (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 82.4 years (2018 estimate)
- male: 79.9 years (2018 estimate)
- female: 85 years (2018 estimate)
At the time of
There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling
Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population, to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006.[87]
Urbanisation
- urban population: 86% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanisation: 1.43% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
- Urbanisation population: 89% of total population (2008)
- Rate of urbanisation: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005–2010)
Sex ratio
- Birth: 1.06 males/female
- Under 15 years: 1.05 males/female
- 15–64 years: 1.03 males/female
- 65 years and over: 0.84 male/female
- Total population: 1 male/female (2009)
Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 51.1
- youth dependency ratio: 28.5
- elderly dependency ratio: 22.6
- potential support ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS
- Adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2017 est.)
- People living with HIV/AIDS: 26,000 (2017 est.)
- Deaths: fewer than 200 (2017 est.)[88]
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 23 years
- male: 23 years
- female: 23 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
- total: 12.6%. Country comparison to the world: 105th
- male: 13.7%
- female: 11.5% (2017 est.)
Incarceration and punishment
In March 2019, 43,320 adults were imprisoned in Australia – an incarceration rate of 221 prisoners per 100,000 adult population[89] or 169 per 100,000 total population.[90] Additionally, 75,544 people were in community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as parole, bail, probation and community service).[91]
In June 2018, about 980 minors were imprisoned in Australia on an average night.[92]
Literacy
- Definition: aged 15 years and over can read and write
- Total population: 99%
- Male: 99%
- Female: 99% (2003 est.)
Education expenditure
- 4.9% of GDP (2013)
- country comparison to the world: 55
Population density
As of June 2022[update], the population density of Australia was reported as 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi).[93] This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia.[94]
See also
- Aging of Australia
- Health care in Australia
- Homelessness in Australia
- White Australia Policy
- List of cities in Australia
- Demographics of Sydney
- Demographics of Melbourne
- Demographics of Brisbane
- Demographics of Canberra
- European Australians
- Asian Australians
- Aboriginal Australians
- Religion in Australia
Notes
- ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
- Arab national groups such as Lebanese, Egyptians, Iraqis, Sudanese, Palestinians, Jordanians, Moroccans, Algerians, Saudis, Yemenis, Libyans, Tunisians, Kuwaitis, Omanis, Bahrainis, Emiratis and Qataris. At the 2021 census, separate ancestry groups are specified for groups living as minorities in Arab countries, such as Kurds, Berbers, Turks, Mandaeans, Copts, Assyrians and Chaldeans.
- Anglo-Celtic ancestry.[17]
- ^ Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include Torres Strait Islanders. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.
- ^ Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
References
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- ^ "AUSTRALIA-OCEANIA :: AUSTRALIA". CIA – The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "4512.0 – Corrective Services, Australia, March quarter 2019". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Highest to Lowest – Prison Incarceration Rate". World Prison Brief. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "4512.0 – Corrective Services, Australia, March quarter 2019 – Summary of findings". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ISSN 2205-5010. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2021-22 financial year". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Population density (people per sq. km of land area)". World Bank Open Data. The World Bank. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
Sources
- General references
- This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.).
Further reading
- Jupp, James. The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins (2002)
- O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
- Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds. Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook (ABC-CLIO, 2004)
External links
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Year Book Australia, 2009–10
- Australian population: ethnic origins (DOC)
- Build Australian population graph 1960 – 2013 (World Bank data)
- Build Australian population projection graph till 2100 (United Nation data)
- Build Australian life expectancy at birth graph 1950 – 2013 (United Nation data)
- Australia's population clock