Demographics of Saint Petersburg
Demographics of Saint Petersburg | |
---|---|
Population | 5,384,342 (2021) |
Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia, after Moscow and the fourth most populous city in Europe.
Ethnicity
The 2002 census recorded twenty-two ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition was:
Saint Petersburg has always been populated mostly by Russians, albeit with several sizeable ethnic minorities, such as Germans, Ukrainians, Finns, and people from Eastern Europe, among others. In 1800 an estimated 200 to 300 thousand lived in the city.[citation needed] After the emancipation of serfs in 1861, former serfs started arriving to the capital as workers, boosting population from half a million to 1439.6 thousand recorded in the census of 1900.
1926
[5] population. |
% | 1939
[6] Population. |
% | 1959
[7] Population. |
% | 1970
[8] Population. |
% | 1979
[9] Population. |
% | 1989 | % | 2002
[12] Population. |
% | % of the population who declared a ethnicity | 2010 | % | % of the population who declared a ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 1609816 | 100.00 % | 3191304 | 100.00 % | 3321196 | 100.00 % | 3949501 | 100.00 % | 4568548 | 100.00 % | 4990749 | 100.00 % | 4661219 | 100.00 % | 4879566 | 100.00 % | ||
Russians | 1386872 | 86.15 % | 2775979 | 86.99 % | 2951254 | 88.86 % | 3514296 | 88.98 % | 4097629 | 89.69 % | 4448884 | 89.14 % | 3949623 | 84.73 % | 92.00 % | 3908753 | 79.10 % | 92.48 % |
Ukrainians | 10781 | 0.67 % | 54660 | 1.71 % | 68308 | 2.06 % | 97109 | 2.46 % | 117412 | 2.57 % | 150982 | 3.03 % | 87119 | 1.87 % | 2.03 % | 64446 | 1.32 % | 1.52 % |
Belarusians | 14572 | 0.91 % | 32353 | 1.01 % | 47004 | 1.42 % | 63799 | 1.62 % | 81575 | 1.79 % | 93564 | 1.87 % | 54484 | 1.17 % | 1.27 % | 38136 | 0.78 % | 0.90 % |
Tatars | 7321 | 0.45 % | 31506 | 0.99 % | 27178 | 0.82 % | 32851 | 0.83 % | 39403 | 0.86 % | 43997 | 0.88 % | 35553 | 0.76 % | 0.83 % | 30857 | 0.63 % | 0.73 % |
Jews | 84480 | 5.25 % | 201542 | 6.32 % | 168641 | 5.08 % | 162500 | 4.11 % | 142730 | 3.12 % | 106142 | 2.13 % | 36570 | 0.78 % | 0.85 % | 24132 | 0.49 % | 0.57 % |
Uzbeks | 103 | 0.01 % | 238 | 0.01 % | 1678 | 0.04 % | 1883 | 0.04 % | 7927 | 0.16 % | 2987 | 0.06 % | 0.07 % | 20345 | 0.42 % | 0.48 % | ||
Armenians | 1664 | 0.10 % | 4615 | 0.14 % | 4897 | 0.15 % | 6628 | 0.17 % | 7995 | 0.18 % | 12070 | 0.24 % | 19164 | 0.41 % | 0.45 % | 19971 | 0.41 % | 0.47 % |
Azerbaijanis | 385 | 0.01 % | 855 | 0.03 % | 1576 | 0.04 % | 3171 | 0.07 % | 11804 | 0.24 % | 16613 | 0.36 % | 0.39 % | 17717 | 0.36 % | 0.42 % | ||
Tajiks | 3 | 0.01 % | 61 | 0.00 % | 361 | 0.01 % | 473 | 0.01 % | 1917 | 0.04 % | 2449 | 0.05 % | 0.06 % | 12072 | 0.25 % | 0.29 % | ||
Georgians | 588 | 0.04 % | 1640 | 0.05 % | 1917 | 0.06 % | 3798 | 0.10 % | 4363 | 0.10 % | 7804 | 0.16 % | 10104 | 0.22 % | 0.24 % | 8274 | 0.17 % | 0.20 % |
Moldovans | 168 | 0.01 % | 567 | 0.02 % | 956 | 0.03 % | 2467 | 0.06 % | 2882 | 0.06 % | 5390 | 0.11 % | 3365 | 0.07 % | 0.08 % | 7200 | 0.15 % | 0.17 % |
Chuvash | 1600 | 0.10 % | 1778 | 0.06 % | 1787 | 0.05 % | 3465 | 0.09 % | 6057 | 0.13 % | 8994 | 0.18 % | 6007 | 0.13 % | 0.14 % | 4610 | 0.09 % | 0.11 % |
Koreans | 103 | 0.01 % | 195 | 0.01 % | 1361 | 0.03 % | 2258 | 0.05 % | 2962 | 0.06 % | 3908 | 0.08 % | 0.09 % | 4031 | 0.08 % | 0.10 % | ||
Kazakhs | 390 | 0.01 % | 654 | 0.02 % | 1562 | 0.04 % | 2002 | 0.04 % | 6331 | 0.13 % | 2830 | 0.06 % | 0.07 % | 3349 | 0.07 % | 0.08 % | ||
Kyrgyz | 37 | 0.00 % | 49 | 0.00 % | 306 | 0.01 % | 453 | 0.01 % | 2763 | 0.06 % | 566 | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | 3289 | 0.07 % | 0.08 % | ||
Ossetians | 277 | 0,02 % | 955 | 0,03 % | 917 | 0,03 % | 1186 | 0,03 % | 1741 | 0,04 % | 2584 | 0,05 % | 2836 | 0,06 % | 0,07 % | 3233 | 0,07 % | 0,08 % |
Germans | 16916 | 1,05 % | 10104 | 0,32 % | 2052 | 0,06 % | 3249 | 0,08 % | 2802 | 0,06 % | 3570 | 0,07 % | 3868 | 0,08 % | 0,09 % | 2849 | 0,06 % | 0,07 % |
Lezgins | 44 | 0,01 % | 62 | 0,00 % | 194 | 0,00 % | 441 | 0,01 % | 1448 | 0,03 % | 1805 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 2814 | 0,06 % | 0,07 % | ||
Bashkirs | 92 | 0,01 % | 716 | 0,02 % | 617 | 0,02 % | 914 | 0,02 % | 1749 | 0,04 % | 3014 | 0,06 % | 2453 | 0,05 % | 0,06 % | 2706 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % |
Poles | 34027 | 2,11 % | 20605 | 0,65 % | 11662 | 0,35 % | 10948 | 0,28 % | 9607 | 0,21 % | 7955 | 0,16 % | 4451 | 0,10 % | 0,10 % | 2647 | 0,05 % | 0,06 % |
Finns | 3940 | 0,24 % | 7923 | 0,25 % | 3150 | 0,09 % | 4376 | 0,11 % | 5719 | 0,13 % | 5469 | 0,11 % | 3980 | 0,09 % | 0,09 % | 2559 | 0,05 % | 0,06 % |
Mordva | 313 | 0,02 % | 3812 | 0,12 % | 1857 | 0,06 % | 2216 | 0,06 % | 3765 | 0,08 % | 5175 | 0,10 % | 3369 | 0,07 % | 0,08 % | 2337 | 0,05 % | 0,06 % |
Avars | 1 | 0,01 % | 186 | 0,00 % | 368 | 0,01 % | 1205 | 0,02 % | 1516 | 0,03 % | 0,04 % | 1971 | 0,04 % | 0,05 % | ||||
Chinese | 306 | 0,01 % | 310 | 0,01 % | 1451 | 0,04 % | 66 | 0,00 % | 93 | 0,00 % | 1064 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 1578 | 0,03 % | 0,04 % | ||
Estonians | 15847 | 0,98 % | 15161 | 0,48 % | 7350 | 0,22 % | 6804 | 0,17 % | 6237 | 0,14 % | 5001 | 0,10 % | 2266 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % | 1534 | 0,03 % | 0,04 % |
Chechens | 14 | 0,01 % | 40 | 0,00 % | 209 | 0,01 % | 384 | 0,01 % | 1173 | 0,02 % | 1685 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 1482 | 0,03 % | 0,04 % | ||
Turkmens | 8 | 0,00 % | 54 | 0,00 % | 603 | 0,02 % | 327 | 0,01 % | 1360 | 0,03 % | 793 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 1469 | 0,03 % | 0,04 % | ||
Karelians | 494 | 0,03 % | 2534 | 0,08 % | 1972 | 0,06 % | 2407 | 0,06 % | 3194 | 0,07 % | 3607 | 0,07 % | 2142 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % | 1396 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
Lithunians | 5886 | 0,37 % | 4721 | 0,15 % | 2660 | 0,08 % | 3262 | 0,08 % | 2607 | 0,06 % | 3314 | 0,07 % | 1637 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 1294 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
Latvians | 12046 | 0,75 % | 9554 | 0,30 % | 4564 | 0,14 % | 4346 | 0,11 % | 3971 | 0,09 % | 3400 | 0,07 % | 1705 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 1291 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
Buryats | 66 | 0,01 % | 139 | 0,00 % | 272 | 0,01 % | 627 | 0,01 % | 1043 | 0,02 % | 1152 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % | 1287 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | ||
Kalmyks | 28 | 0,00 % | 40 | 0,00 % | 107 | 0,00 % | 269 | 0,01 % | 442 | 0,01 % | 551 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 1283 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | ||
Karbardians | 12 | 0,00 % | 60 | 0,00 % | 200 | 0,01 % | 342 | 0,01 % | 727 | 0,01 % | 507 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 1181 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % | ||
Greeks | 374 | 0,02 % | 558 | 0,02 % | 782 | 0,02 % | 1065 | 0,02 % | 1590 | 0,03 % | 1448 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1154 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % | ||
Udmurts | 333 | 0,01 % | 627 | 0,02 % | 1155 | 0,03 % | 2162 | 0,04 % | 1265 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1076 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||||
Komi | 1069 | 0,03 % | 1007 | 0,03 % | 1153 | 0,03 % | 1506 | 0,04 % | 1650 | 0,04 % | 2208 | 0,04 % | 1455 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1072 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % |
Mari | 71 | 0,01 % | 255 | 0,01 % | 661 | 0,02 % | 1138 | 0,02 % | 1847 | 0,04 % | 1288 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 1022 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Turks | 29 | 0,00 % | 57 | 0,00 % | 29 | 0,00 % | 39 | 0,00 % | 150 | 0,00 % | 451 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 999 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Kumyks | 2 | 0,00 % | 25 | 0,00 % | 71 | 0,00 % | 175 | 0,00 % | 444 | 0,01 % | 499 | 0,01 % | 0,03 % | 947 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Dargins | 11 | 0,00 % | 131 | 0,00 % | 172 | 0,00 % | 611 | 0,01 % | 729 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 946 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||||
Ingush | 11 | 0,00 % | 17 | 0,00 % | 80 | 0,00 % | 109 | 0,00 % | 304 | 0,01 % | 670 | 0,01 % | 0,01 % | 930 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Arabs | 4 | 0,00 % | 7 | 0,00 % | 404 | 0,01 % | 184 | 0,00 % | 526 | 0,01 % | 1115 | 0,02 % | 0,03 % | 929 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Roma | 262 | 0,02 % | 910 | 0,03 % | 704 | 0,02 % | 1471 | 0,03 % | 1804 | 0,04 % | 1278 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 890 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Bulgarians | 75 | 0,01 % | 211 | 0,01 % | 1029 | 0,03 % | 731 | 0,02 % | 1062 | 0,02 % | 938 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 843 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Abkhazians | 7 | 0,00 % | 51 | 0,00 % | 165 | 0,00 % | 363 | 0,00 % | 632 | 0,01 % | 864 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 783 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | ||
Yakuts | 20 | 0,00 % | 70 | 0,00 % | 214 | 0,01 % | 787 | 0,02 % | 862 | 0,02 % | 847 | 0,02 % | 0,02 % | 701 | 0,01 % | 0,02 % | ||
Other | 2913 | 0,07 % | 4332 | 0,14 % | 9781 | 0,29 % | 6411 | 0,16 % | 4981 | 0,11 % | 10592 | 0,21 % | 11254 | 0,24 % | 0,26 % | 12354 | 0,25 % | 0,29 % |
Stated an ethnicity | 1609816 | 100,00 % | 3190592 | 99,98 % | 3321186 | 100,00 % | 4568522 | 100,00 % | 4986905 | 99,92 % | 4293223 | 92,11 % | 100,00 % | 4226739 | 86,62 % | 100,00 % | ||
Did not state an ethnicity | 712 | 0,02 % | 10 | 0,00 % | 26 | 0,00 % | 3844 | 0,08 % | 367996 | 7,89 % | 652827 | 13,38 % |
Population
Throughout the three centuries the growth of St. Petersburg was accompanied by an increase in population of its surroundings, while the latter to the city were gradually incorporated into the city limits. From an administrative point of view these suburbs (
In 1890–1891 the population figures for Petersburg crossed the boundary of 1 million. By 1900 the 38 'plots' comprising the 'city itself' had a population of 1,248,122 while the four abovenamed suburban districts counted 191,491 people.[15]
In the 20th century the city experienced three major depopulation trends. The first one began in 1916 (estimates for this year show 2.4 million; this level was surpassed again in 1930–31). In addition to the February Revolution, the sharp deterioration in food supplies in the first months of 1917 caused the flood of certain segments of population to the rural areas of Russia. In 1918 Petrograd without suburbs counted 1,179,256 persons (a 40% decline to 1917), and in 1920 about 740 thousand (without troops garrisoned in the city). By that time mobilisations brought the remarkable preponderance of women over men: 100 to 72, not counting the troops.[17]
The demobilisation after the end of the
The German minority in Petersburg began to extinguish at the end of the 19th century (1890 – 4.6%, 1900 – 3.5%); this process accelerated in 1914 with the beginning of the
The
Statistics for 1944 show between 546,000[18] and 700,000 people survived. After the siege was lifted, the evacuees were allowed to return, but the main source of renewal of the population of Leningrad in the post-war years was the influx from another parts of the Soviet Union. Only in 1957–1958,[18] or 18–19 years after 1939 when the 3-million citizen was born, the city managed to surpass this population mark again. 12 years later, in 1969–1970 the population reached 4 million, and in 1988–1989 — 5 million.[18]
When the historical maximum was reached in 1990 (less than 5.1 million) the whole country teetered on the brink of political and economic collapse. The first year when the city has restored its original name, St. Petersburg (1991) was the first in the most lengthy period of the steady population reduction in the city's history. By 2003 the city population was less than 4.5 million, or at a level of 1977. Among the reasons of this demographic degradation was a increased
Periods of temporary economic recovery accompanied by an increase in demand for unskilled labor (road and construction workers, janitors, porters, drivers etc.) pose a problem of migrant workers under a new, unexpected angle. In the Soviet planned economy this demand was covered by the stable inflow of labourers from the central regions of Russia and the European Republics of the USSR. They were favored with both job and dwelling guarantees (initially housed in the dorms, after a certain period they received a new living space from the state). Now the labour sourcing geographical azimuth has changed to the ex republics of Caucasus, Middle Asia and Moldavia known by the lesser professional skill of newcomers. Apart from that, more and more labourers now migrate to St. Petersburg from the Far East and Turkey. It changes the labour market conditions for people from Russia and other ex-Soviet Republics, despite the fact that the latter were taught Russian language from their childhood.
years | thousands | years | thousands | years | thousands | years | thousands |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1764 | 149,7 | 1911 | 1950,3 | 1942 | 2432,0 | 1973 | 4219,8 |
1765 | 150,3 | 1912 | 2035,6 | 1943 | 622,0 | 1974 | 4287,0 |
1770 | 158,8 | 1913 | 2124,6 | 1944 | 546,0 | 1975 | 4356,2 |
1775 | 166,1 | 1914 | 2217,5 | 1945 | 927,0 | 1976 | 4417,9 |
1780 | 174,8 | 1915 | 2314,5 | 1946 | 1541,0 | 1977 | 4471,3 |
1785 | 197,6 | 1916 | 2415,7 | 1947 | 1920,0 | 1978 | 4527,2 |
1790 | 218,2 | 1917 | 2300,0 | 1948 | 1998,0 | 1979 | 4588,2 |
1795 | 219,1 | 1918 | 1469,0 | 1949 | 2218,0 | 1980 | 4635,2 |
1800 | 220,2 | 1919 | 900,0 | 1950 | 2258,0 | 1981 | 4669,4 |
1805 | 252,8 | 1920 | 740,0 | 1951 | 2328,0 | 1982 | 4711,2 |
1810 | 291,0 | 1921 | 830,0 | 1952 | 2403,0 | 1983 | 4762,1 |
1815 | 340,0 | 1922 | 960,0 | 1953 | 2459,0 | 1984 | 4806,4 |
1820 | 385,4 | 1923 | 1093,0 | 1954 | 2765,0 | 1985 | 4844,2 |
1825 | 424,7 | 1924 | 1221,0 | 1955 | 2797,0 | 1986 | 4882,2 |
1830 | 435,5 | 1925 | 1379,0 | 1956 | 2814,0 | 1987 | 4931,2 |
1835 | 452,0 | 1926 | 1535,0 | 1957 | 2816,0 | 1988 | 4986,9 |
1840 | 472,8 | 1927 | 1627,0 | 1958 | 3333,6 | 1989 | 5023,5 |
1845 | 480,0 | 1928 | 1700,1 | 1959 | 3389,6 | 1990 | 5035,2 |
1850 | 487,3 | 1929 | 1827,8 | 1960 | 3432,0 | 1991 | 5034,7 |
1855 | 513,0 | 1930 | 2009,5 | 1961 | 3524,5 | 1992 | 5003,8 |
1860 | 506,6 | 1931 | 2372,5 | 1962 | 3594,9 | 1993 | 4952,3 |
1865 | 539,1 | 1932 | 2684,3 | 1963 | 3663,9 | 1994 | 4882,6 |
1870 | 682,3 | 1933 | 2668,0 | 1964 | 3731,6 | 1995 | 4838,0 |
1875 | 758,4 | 1934 | 2715,9 | 1965 | 3777,2 | 1996 | 4801,5 |
1880 | 843,1 | 1935 | 2715,7 | 1966 | 3813,5 | 1997 | 4778,6 |
1885 | 884,3 | 1936 | 2728,5 | 1967 | 3867,0 | 1998 | 4748,5 |
1890 | 954,4 | 1937 | 2814,5 | 1968 | 3925,1 | 1999 | 4728,2 |
1895 | 1097,5 | 1938 | 2946,7 | 1969 | 3983,1 | 2000 | 4694,0 |
1900 | 1418,0 | 1939 | 3015,2 | 1970 | 4026,8 | 2001 | 4660,6 |
1905 | 1635,1 | 1940 | 2920,0 | 1971 | 4083,4 | 2002 | 4629,0 |
1910 | 1881,3 | 1941 | 2992,0 | 1972 | 4149,9 | 2003 | 4597,6 |
Source: И.И.Елисеева, Е.И.Грибова, ed. (2003). Санкт-Петербург. 1703-2003: Jubilee Statistical Yearbook [Saint Petersburg. 1703-2003] (2 ed.). СПб: Судостроение. pp. 16–17. Retrieved February 9, 2011. |
In 2020 the pandemic of COVID-19 was accompanied by a drop in birth rate, and the city population decreased to 5 mln 395.2 thousand people, according to the city government economics authority.[25]
Housing
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008) |
People in urban Saint Petersburg mostly live in apartment blocks. Between 1918 and 1990s, the Soviets
References
- ^ "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation". 2002 Russian All-Population Census. 2002. Archived from the original (XLS) on 2007-02-17. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
- VTsIOM, August 23, 2002.
- ^ 55 процентов петербуржцев считают себя православными. Православный Санкт-Петербург 3 (107), March 2001.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР Ленинградская область, Ленинград
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР. Ленинград
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР. Ленинград
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР. Ленинград
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР. Ленинград
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР. Ленинград
- ^ "Данные Всесоюзной переписи населения СССР 1989 года". Archived from the original on 2007-11-21. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
- ^ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том 4 — «Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство»". Archived from the original on 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ Официальный сайт Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
- ^ Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Официальные итоги с расширенными перечнями по национальному составу населения и по регионам.: см.
- ^ a b c d "Saint Petersburg". The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary [Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона]. СПб. 1890–1906. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ibid. of which 86.49% were Russians, 4.01% Germans, 2.91% Poles, 1.66% Finns, 0.97% Estonians, 0.95% Jews, 0.50% Latvians, 0.41% Ukrainians, 0.39% Tatars, 0,37% Swedes, 0.30% Lithuanians, 0.26% French, 0.23% Belarusians
- ^ Russian Information and Review [Saint Petersburg. 1703-2003]. Vol. 1. Petrograd: Information Department of the Russian Trade Delegation. October 1922. p. 95. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f И.И.Елисеева, Е.И.Грибова, ed. (2003). Санкт-Петербург. 1703-2003: Jubilee Statistical Yearbook [Saint Petersburg. 1703-2003] (2 ed.). СПб: Судостроение. pp. 16–17. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ The Siege of Leningrad, 1941 - 1944
- ^ "Road of Life (Russian commemoration of 65th Anniversary of the siege of Leningrad". Archived from the original on 2008-02-28.
- ISBN 0-7603-0941-8.
- ^ Чистякова Н. Третье сокращение численности населения… и последнее? Демоскоп Weekly 163 – 164, August 1–15, 2004.
- ^ Чистяков А. Ю. Население (обзорная статья). Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга
- ^ Основные показатели социально-демографической ситуации в Санкт-Петербурге Archived October 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Пандемия COVID-19 привела к падению рождаемости в Петербурге". m.dp.ru. Retrieved 2020-08-19.