Demographics of Sweden
![]() | Parts of this article (those related to For example, the current administrative area for the Finnish languages consists of 66 municipalities, not just Eskilstuna and 5 municipalities in Norrbotten county) need to be updated.(June 2019) |
Demographics of ![]() Population pyramid of Sweden in 2020 | |
---|---|
Population | ![]() |
Growth rate | 0.5% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 10.83 births/1,000 population (2022) |
Death rate | 9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2022) |
Life expectancy | 82.7 years |
• male | 80.94 years (2022) |
• female | 84.58 years (2022 est.) |
Fertility rate | 1.67 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 17.71% |
65 and over | 20.59% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 1.01 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.69 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish |
Major ethnic | Swedes |
Language | |
Official | Swedish |
Spoken | Swedish, others |

The demography of Sweden is monitored by the Statistiska centralbyrån (
The population exceeded 10 million for the first time on Friday, 20 January 2017.[2][3] The three largest cities are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Sweden's population has become much more ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse over the past 70 years as a result of immigration. Every fourth (24.9%) resident in the country has a foreign background and every third (32.3%) has at least one parent born abroad. The most common foreign ancestry is Finnish.[4]
Statistics Sweden projects a Swedish population of 12.6 million in 2070.[5]
Population
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[6]
- One birth every 4 minutes
- One death every 6 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 8 minutes
- One net migrant every 14 minutes
Cities
Sweden has 17 cities with a population of over 100,000 people. Most of Sweden's population lives in Svealand and Götaland.
Fertility
The
Years | 1630 | 1632 | 1634 | 1636 | 1638 | 1640 | 1642 | 1644 | 1646 | 1648 | 1650 | 1652 | 1654 | 1656 | 1658[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.81 | 4.25 | 3.89 | 4.38 | 4.4 | 4.92 | 4.38 | 4.25 | 4.95 | 5.4 | 4.34 | 4.54 | 5.33 | 4.72 | 4.58 |
Years | 1660 | 1662 | 1664 | 1666 | 1668 | 1670 | 1672 | 1674 | 1676 | 1678 | 1680 | 1682 | 1684 | 1686 | 1688[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.2 | 4.54 | 5.01 | 4.98 | 4.6 | 5.13 | 5.01 | 4.38 | 4.28 | 4.35 | 4.64 | 5.4 | 5.25 | 4.84 | 5.29 |
Years | 1690 | 1692 | 1694 | 1696 | 1698 | 1700 | 1702 | 1704 | 1706 | 1708 | 1710 | 1712 | 1714 | 1716 | 1718[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.99 | 5.11 | 4.98 | 5.33 | 5.11 | 5.56 | 5.81 | 5.52 | 5.16 | 5.32 | 4.3 | 5.63 | 5.81 | 4.92 | 5.13 |
Years | 1720 | 1722 | 1724 | 1726 | 1728 | 1730 | 1732 | 1734 | 1736 | 1738 | 1740 | 1742 | 1744 | 1746 | 1748[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.62 | 5.09 | 5.02 | 4.75 | 4.23 | 4.77 | 4.86 | 4.77 | 4.51 | 4.96 | 4.52 | 4.35 | 5.02 | 4.85 | 4.86 |
Years | 1750 | 1752 | 1754 | 1756 | 1758 | 1760 | 1762 | 1764 | 1766 | 1768 | 1770 | 1772 | 1774 | 1776 | 1778[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 5.09 | 5.29 | 5.4 | 5.23 | 4.68 | 5.06 | 4.98 | 4.92 | 4.79 | 4.77 | 4.68 | 4.1 | 4.89 | 4.67 | 4.94 |
Years | 1780 | 1782 | 1784 | 1786 | 1788 | 1790 | 1792 | 1794 | 1796 | 1798 | 1800[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 5.06 | 4.54 | 4.47 | 4.67 | 4.81 | 4.33 | 5.19 | 4.79 | 4.92 | 4.79 | 4.07 |
Years | 1801 | 1802 | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | 1806 | 1807 | 1808 | 1809 | 1810[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.26 | 4.5 | 4.45 | 4.52 | 4.5 | 4.36 | 4.42 | 4.31 | 3.78 | 4.67 |
Years | 1811 | 1812 | 1813 | 1814 | 1815 | 1816 | 1817 | 1818 | 1819 | 1820[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 5.01 | 4.76 | 4.22 | 4.42 | 4.93 | 5.01 | 4.74 | 4.8 | 4.68 | 4.68 |
Years | 1821 | 1822 | 1823 | 1824 | 1825 | 1826 | 1827 | 1828 | 1829 | 1830[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 5.03 | 5.09 | 5.22 | 4.9 | 5.18 | 4.94 | 4.44 | 4.77 | 4.94 | 4.67 |
Years | 1831 | 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1837 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.32 | 4.38 | 4.84 | 4.78 | 4.63 | 4.52 | 4.37 | 4.17 | 4.18 | 4.46 |
Years | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.3 | 4.49 | 4.36 | 4.56 | 4.46 | 4.25 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.66 | 4.45 |
Years | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.36 | 4.2 | 4.26 | 4.53 | 4.3 | 4.23 | 4.36 | 4.66 | 4.71 | 4.71 |
Years | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.44 | 4.59 | 4.65 | 4.69 | 4.58 | 4.68 | 4.4 | 3.93 | 4.03 | 4.11 |
Years | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.37 | 4.34 | 4.49 | 4.54 | 4.6 | 4.57 | 4.62 | 4.44 | 4.56 | 4.36 |
Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.29 | 4.32 | 4.24 | 4.4 | 4.34 | 4.39 | 4.36 | 4.24 | 4.1 | 4.15 |
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Sweden | 4.14 | 3.93 | 3.97 | 3.94 | 4.01 | 3.98 | 3.92 | 3.99 | 3.9 | 4 |
Life expectancy
Sources:
1751–1949
Years | 1751 | 1754 | 1756 | 1768 | 1776 | 1781 | 1789 | 1795 | 1810 | 1818 | 1824 | 1837 | 1847 | 1855 | 1861[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Sweden | 38.4 | 37.4 | 36.2 | 35.0 | 41.5 | 37.8 | 31.2 | 36.5 | 31.9 | 40.0 | 44.9 | 39.6 | 40.1 | 43.0 | 47.1 |
Years | 1868 | 1872 | 1878 | 1884 | 1890 | 1896 | 1905 | 1911 | 1913 | 1916 | 1922 | 1929 | 1935 | 1943 | 1949[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Sweden | 43.2 | 50.0 | 47.6 | 49.1 | 50.4 | 53.4 | 54.5 | 58.0 | 58.7 | 58.2 | 61.0 | 62.3 | 64.9 | 68.7 | 70.8 |
1950–2015

Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 71.9 | 1985–1990 | 77.2 |
1955–1960 | 72.9 | 1990–1995 | 78.2 |
1960–1965 | 73.5 | 1995–2000 | 79.3 |
1965–1970 | 74.1 | 2000–2005 | 80.1 |
1970–1975 | 74.8 | 2005–2010 | 81.1 |
1975–1980 | 75.4 | 2010–2015 | 81.9 |
1980–1985 | 76.4 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects
Largest cities or towns in Sweden
"Kommungruppsindelning 2017". Retrieved 16 September 2017. & "SCB befolkningsstatistik". Retrieved 11 July 2018. | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank
|
Name | County | Pop. |
Metro.
|
Rank
|
Name | County | Pop. |
Metro. |
||
1 | Stockholm | Stockholm | 952,058 | 2,205,105 | 11 | Umeå | Västerbotten | 125,434 | 137,800 | ||
2 | Gothenburg | Västra Götaland | 565,496 | 1,015,974 | 12 | Lund | Skåne | 121,893 | 197,300 | ||
3 | Malmö | Skåne | 351,749 | 689,206 | 13 | Borås | Västra Götaland | 111,354 | 151,300 | ||
4 | Uppsala | Uppsala | 221,141 | 257,200 | 14 | Huddinge |
Stockholm | 110,335 | 136,000 | ||
5 | Linköping | Östergötland | 158,953 | 189,800 | 15 | Eskilstuna | Södermanland | 105,014 | 110,900 | ||
6 | Örebro | Örebro | 150,949 | 196,700 | 16 | Nacka | Stockholm | 101,697 | 114,800 | ||
7 | Västerås | Västmanland | 150,564 | 169,200 | 17 | Gävle | Gävleborg | 100,825 | 107,500 | ||
8 | Helsingborg | Skåne | 143,671 | 321,500 | 18 | Halmstad | Halland | 99,932 | 119,300 | ||
9 | Norrköping | Östergötland | 140,991 | 149,600 | 19 | Sundsvall | Västernorrland | 98,837 | 115,300 | ||
10 | Jönköping | Jönköping | 137,863 | 156,700 | 20 | Södertälje | Stockholm | 96,254 | 158,300 |
Statistics
Demographic statistics according to the
- Population
- 10,202,491 (July 2020 est.)
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 17.54% (male 904,957 /female 855,946)
- 15-24 years: 11.06% (male 573,595 /female 537,358)
- 25-54 years: 39.37% (male 2,005,422 /female 1,947,245)
- 55-64 years: 11.67% (male 588,314 /female 583,002)
- 65 years and over: 20.37% (male 946,170 /female 1,098,986) (2018 est.)
- 0-14 years: 17.43% (male 892,462/female 843,375)
- 15-24 years: 11.31% (male 581,025/female 545,971)
- 25-54 years: 39.42% (male 1,993,590/female 1,933,080)
- 55-64 years: 11.58% (male 578,942/female 574,479)
- 65 years and over: 20.26% (male 931,593/female 1,085,970) (2017 est.)
- Median age
- total: 41.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 45th
- male: 40.1 years
- female: 42.2 years (2018 est.)
- total: 41.2 years
- male: 40.2 years
- female: 42.2 years (2017 est.)
- Birth rate
- 12.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 164th
- 11.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
- Death rate
- 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 52nd
- 9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
- Total fertility rate
- 1.87 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 141st
- Net migration rate
- 5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd
- 6.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
- Population growth rate
- 0.8% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 129th
- 0.81% (2017 est.)
- 0.93% (2013 est.)
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 29.1 years (2015 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 82.1 years (country comparison to the world: 16th)
- male: 80.2 years
- female: 84.2 years (2017 est.)
- Net birth surplus rate
- 2.40 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births Country comparison to the world: 218th
- male: 2.9 deaths/1,000 live births
- female: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
- 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 58.5
- youth dependency ratio: 27.4
- elderly dependency ratio: 31.1
- potential support ratio: 3.2 (2015 est.)
- Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
- total: 17.9%. Country comparison to the world: 72nd
- male: 18.8%
- female: 17% (2017 est.)
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 19 years
- male: 18 years
- female: 20 years (2016)
- Urbanisation
- 88% of total population (2020 est.)
- Rate of urbanisation: 1.05% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Population change
The demography of Sweden is monitored by Statistics Sweden (SCB).
The 2005 Swedish census showed an increase of 475,322 compared to the 1990 census, an average increase of 31,680 annually. During the 1990s, birth rate increased by more than 100,000 children per year while death rates fell and immigration surged. In the early 2000s, birth rate declined as immigration increased further, with the context of unrest in the Middle East, upholding steady population growth.[10][11]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1570 | 900,000 | — |
1650 | 1,225,000 | +36.1% |
1700 | 1,485,000 | +21.2% |
1750 | 1,780,700 | +19.9% |
1800 | 2,347,300 | +31.8% |
1850 | 3,482,500 | +48.4% |
1900 | 5,136,400 | +47.5% |
1950 | 7,041,900 | +37.1% |
1970 | 8,081,300 | +14.8% |
1980 | 8,318,000 | +2.9% |
1990 | 8,590,600 | +3.3% |
2000 | 8,882,800 | +3.4% |
2010 | 9,415,600 | +6.0% |
2020 | 10,379,000 | +10.2% |
Source: Historical figures – Sveriges land och folk,[12] Modern figures – Statistics Sweden As of:[13] Dec. 2019[14] |
Population projections
In 1950 Sweden had fewer people aged 10–20 with more people ages 20–30 and 0–10. In 2017 the ratio of male to female remains steady at about 50–50. As a whole, the graph broadens with people appearing to live longer. In 2050 it is predicted that all ages will increase from below 300,000 males and females to above 300,000 males and females. With about 50,000 people living to the ages of 90–100. In 2100 the graph is shaped as a rectangle with people of all ages and genders remaining steady. It narrows slightly at the top of the graph with about 250,000/300,000 males and females living to be 90–100 years old.[15] Statistics Sweden projects the following population development in Sweden:[16]
Year | Projection |
---|---|
2016 | 9,995,000 |
2020 | 10,431,000 |
2026 | 11,046,000 |
2030 | 11,344,000 |
2040 | 11,898,000 |
2050 | 12,395,000 |
2060 | 12,858,000 |
Eurostat projects a population in Sweden reaching 11,994,364 people in 2040 and 14,388,478 in 2080.[17]
Urbanisation and population density
The
Norrland, which covers approximately 60% of the Swedish territory, has a very low population density (below 5 people per square kilometer). The mountains and most of the remote coastal areas are almost unpopulated. Low population density exists also in large parts of western Svealand, as well as southern and central Småland. An area known as Finnveden, which is located in the south-west of Småland, and mainly below the 57th parallel, can also be considered as almost empty of people.
Origin
The majority of the population are ethnic
In addition to the Sami, Tornedalers, and Sweden Finns, Jewish and Roma people have national minority status in Sweden.[24]
There are no official statistics on ethnicity, but according to Statistics Sweden, around two million (19.6%) inhabitants in Sweden are born in another country. Of those, more than half are Swedish citizens.[25] The most common countries of origin were Syria (1.82%), Finland (1.45%), Iraq (1.41%), Poland (0.91%), Iran (0.76%) and Somalia (0.67%).[26] The average age in Sweden is 41.1 years.[27]
There are at least two studies that forecast future demographic changes in Sweden largely due to immigration and low birth rates. A 2006 study states that "[based upon current data, extrapolated with relevant assumptions] Sweden and the Netherlands would have majority foreign-origin populations by the end of the [21st] century."[28] A 2018 study concluded that in Sweden by "2065, the share of the native population is [set] to decrease to 49%, the Western population is projected to fall to 63%, and the Muslim population increase to 25%."[29] Thomas Lindh, at the time head researcher for the Swedish Institute for Futures Studies, claimed in an interview that by the year "2050, more than half of Sweden's population will be immigrants or second-generation immigrants."[30]
Background Groups | Year | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002[31] | 2005[31] | 2010[31] | 2015[31] | 2020[32] | 2022[33] | |||||||
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
![]() |
7,582,574 | 84.8% | 7,584,394 | 83.82% | 7,617,681 | 80.90% | 7,663,997 | 77.79% | 7,693,255 | 74.1% | 7,694,434 | 73.1% |
Swedes of two Swedish parents | 7,028,802 | 78.61% | 6,997,684 | 77.34% | 6,965,033 | 73.97% | 6,939,156 | 70.44% | 6,900,476 | 66.5% | 6,878,225 | 65.4% |
Swedes of one Swedish parent and one foreign born | 553,772 | 6.19% | 586,710 | 6.48% | 652,648 | 6.93% | 724,841 | 7.35% | 792,779 | 7.6% | 816,209 | 7.8% |
Total: Foreign background | 1,358,214 | 15.19% | 1,463,358 | 16.17% | 1,797,889 | 19.09% | 2,187,020 | 22.20% | 2,686,040 | 25.9% | 2,827,122 | 26.9% |
Born outside Sweden | 1,053,463 | 11.78% | 1,125,790 | 12.44% | 1,384,929 | 14.70% | 1,676,264 | 17.01% | 2,046,731 | 19.7% | 2,145,674 | 20.4% |
Born in Sweden to two foreign-born parents | 304,751 | 3.40% | 337,568 | 3.73% | 412,960 | 4.38% | 510,756 | 5.18% | 639,309 | 6.2% | 681,448 | 6.5% |
Total: | 8,940,788 | 100% | 9,047,752 | 100% | 9,415,570 | 100% | 9,851,017 | 100% | 10,379,295 | 100% | 10,521,556 | 100% |
Background Groups | 2020[34] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Stockholm | Greater Gothenburg | Greater Malmo | ||||
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
![]() |
1,557,214 | 65.09% | 750,587 | 71.50% | 494,526 | 66.07% |
Swedes of two Swedish parents | 1,320,872 | 55.21% | 660,772 | 62.95% | 431,207 | 57.61% |
Swedes of one Swedish parent and one foreign born | 236,342 | 9.87% | 89,815 | 8.55% | 63,319 | 8.46% |
Total: Foreign background | 834,951 | 34.90% | 299,055 | 28.49% | 253,907 | 33.92% |
Born outside Sweden | 624,609 | 26.11% | 223,420 | 21.28% | 190,092 | 25.39% |
Born in Sweden to two foreign-born parents | 210,342 | 8.79% | 75,635 | 7.20% | 63,815 | 8.52% |
Total: | 2,392,165 | 100% | 1,049,642 | 100% | 748,433 | 100% |
- Origin groups mapped as percentage of the population in counties in Sweden
Swedes of two Swedish parents in Sweden's counties and overall as of 2020.
Percentage of those of a foreign background in total in Sweden in 2021
- Population pyramids of each origin group
Population pyramid of Sweden by origin group in 2021
Swede of two Swedish parents
Swede of one Swedish parent and one foreign born
Foreign born
Born in Sweden to two foreign born parents
Vital statistics
Data according to Statistics Sweden, which collects the official statistics for Sweden.[35]
Average population |
Live births | Deaths | Natural change |
Crude birth
rate (per 1000) |
Crude death
rate (per 1000) |
Natural change
(per 1000) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 5,117,000 | 138,139 | 86,146 | 51,993 | 27.0 | 16.8 | 10.2 | 4.02 |
1901 | 5,156,000 | 139,370 | 82,772 | 56,598 | 27.0 | 16.1 | 10.9 | 4.04 |
1902 | 5,187,000 | 137,364 | 79,722 | 57,642 | 26.5 | 15.4 | 11.1 | 3.95 |
1903 | 5,210,000 | 133,896 | 78,610 | 55,286 | 25.7 | 15.1 | 10.6 | 3.82 |
1904 | 5,241,000 | 134,952 | 80,152 | 54,800 | 25.7 | 15.3 | 10.4 | 3.83 |
1905 | 5,278,000 | 135,409 | 82,443 | 52,966 | 25.7 | 15.6 | 10.1 | 3.83 |
1906 | 5,316,000 | 136,620 | 76,366 | 60,254 | 25.7 | 14.4 | 11.3 | 3.81 |
1907 | 5,357,000 | 136,793 | 78,149 | 58,644 | 25.5 | 14.6 | 10.9 | 3.77 |
1908 | 5,404,000 | 138,874 | 80,568 | 58,306 | 25.7 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 3.79 |
1909 | 5,453,000 | 139,505 | 74,538 | 64,967 | 25.6 | 13.7| | 11.9 | 3.71 |
1910 | 5,499,000 | 135,625 | 77,212 | 58,413 | 24.7 | 14.0 | 10.7 | 3.60 |
1911 | 5,542,000 | 132,977 | 76,462 | 56,515 | 24.0 | 13.8 | 10.2 | 3.49 |
1912 | 5,583,000 | 132,868 | 79,241 | 53,627 | 23.8 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 3.44 |
1913 | 5,621,000 | 130,200 | 76,724 | 53,476 | 23.2 | 13.6 | 9.6 | 3.32 |
1914 | 5,659,000 | 129,458 | 78,311 | 51,147 | 22.9 | 13.8 | 9.1 | 3.29 |
1915 | 5,696,000 | 122,997 | 83,587 | 39,410 | 21.6 | 14.7 | 6.9 | 3.06 |
1916 | 5,735,000 | 121,679 | 77,771 | 43,908 | 21.2 | 13.6 | 7.6 | 2.99 |
1917 | 5,779,000 | 120,855 | 77,385 | 43,470 | 20.9 | 13.4 | 7.5 | 2.93 |
1918 | 5,807,000 | 117,955 | 104,594 | 13,361 | 20.3 | 18.0 | 2.3 | 2.83 |
1919 | 5,830,000 | 115,193 | 84,289 | 30,904 | 19.8 | 14.5 | 5.3 | 2.72 |
1920 | 5,876,000 | 138,753 | 78,128 | 60,625 | 23.6 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 3.22 |
1921 | 5,929,000 | 127,723 | 73,536 | 54,187 | 21.5 | 12.4 | 9.1 | 2.93 |
1922 | 5,971,000 | 116,946 | 76,343 | 40,603 | 19.6 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 2.66 |
1923 | 5,997,000 | 113,435 | 68,424 | 45,011 | 18.9 | 11.4 | 7.5 | 2.55 |
1924 | 6,021,000 | 109,055 | 72,001 | 37,054 | 18.1 | 12.0 | 6.1 | 2.43 |
1925 | 6,045,000 | 106,292 | 70,918 | 35,374 | 17.6 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 2.34 |
1926 | 6,064,000 | 102,007 | 71,344 | 30,663 | 16.8 | 11.8 | 5.0 | 2.22 |
1927 | 6,081,000 | 97,994 | 77,219 | 20,775 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 3.4 | 2.11 |
1928 | 6,097,000 | 97,868 | 73,267 | 24,601 | 16.1 | 12.0 | 4.1 | 2.08 |
1929 | 6,113,000 | 92,861 | 74,538 | 18,323 | 15.2 | 12.2 | 3.0 | 1.95 |
1930 | 6,131,000 | 94,220 | 71,790 | 22,430 | 15.4 | 11.7 | 3.7 | 1.96 |
1931 | 6,152,000 | 91,074 | 77,121 | 13,953 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 2.3 | 1.88 |
1932 | 6,176,000 | 89,779 | 71,459 | 18,320 | 14.5 | 11.6 | 2.9 | 1.83 |
1933 | 6,201,000 | 85,020 | 69,607 | 15,413 | 13.7 | 11.2 | 2.5 | 1.72 |
1934 | 6,222,000 | 85,092 | 69,921 | 15,171 | 13.7 | 11.2 | 2.5 | 1.67 |
1935 | 6,242,000 | 85,906 | 72,813 | 13,093 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 2.1 | 1.70 |
1936 | 6,259,000 | 88,938 | 74,836 | 14,102 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 2.2 | 1.75 |
1937 | 6,276,000 | 90,373 | 75,392 | 14,981 | 14.4 | 12.0 | 2.4 | 1.77 |
1938 | 6,297,000 | 93,946 | 72,693 | 21,253 | 14.9 | 11.5 | 3.4 | 1.84 |
1939 | 6,326,000 | 97,380 | 72,876 | 24,504 | 15.4 | 11.5 | 3.9 | 1.90 |
1940 | 6,356,000 | 95,778 | 72,748 | 23,030 | 15.1 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 1.86 |
1941 | 6,389,000 | 99,727 | 71,910 | 27,817 | 15.6 | 11.3 | 4.3 | 1.92 |
1942 | 6,432,000 | 113,961 | 63,741 | 50,220 | 17.7 | 9.9 | 7.8 | 2.19 |
1943 | 6,491,000 | 125,392 | 66,105 | 59,287 | 19.3 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 2.41 |
1944 | 6,560,000 | 134,991 | 72,284 | 62,707 | 20.6 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 2.61 |
1945 | 6,636,000 | 135,373 | 71,901 | 63,472 | 20.4 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 2.63 |
1946 | 6,719,000 | 132,597 | 70,635 | 61,962 | 19.7 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 2.57 |
1947 | 6,803,000 | 128,779 | 73,579 | 55,200 | 18.9 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 2.50 |
1948 | 6,883,000 | 126,683 | 67,693 | 58,990 | 18.4 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 2.47 |
1949 | 6,956,000 | 121,272 | 69,537 | 51,735 | 17.4 | 10.0 | 7.4 | 2.39 |
1950 | 7,014,000 | 115,414 | 70,296 | 45,118 | 16.5 | 10.0 | 6.5 | 2.28 |
1951 | 7,073,000 | 110,168 | 69,799 | 40,369 | 15.6 | 9.9 | 5.7 | 2.20 |
1952 | 7,125,000 | 110,192 | 68,270 | 41,922 | 15.5 | 9.6 | 5.9 | 2.22 |
1953 | 7,171,000 | 110,144 | 69,553 | 40,591 | 15.4 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 2.25 |
1954 | 7,213,000 | 105,096 | 69,030 | 36,066 | 14.6 | 9.6 | 5.0 | 2.18 |
1955 | 7,262,000 | 107,305 | 68,634 | 38,671 | 14.8 | 9.5 | 5.3 | 2.25 |
1956 | 7,315,000 | 107,960 | 70,205 | 37,755 | 14.8 | 9.6 | 5.2 | 2.29 |
1957 | 7,364,000 | 107,168 | 73,132 | 34,036 | 14.6 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 2.29 |
1958 | 7,409,000 | 105,502 | 71,065 | 34,437 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 2.26 |
1959 | 7,446,000 | 104,743 | 70,889 | 33,854 | 14.1 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 2.29 |
1960 | 7,480,000 | 102,219 | 75,093 | 27,126 | 13.7 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 2.17 |
1961 | 7,520,000 | 104,501 | 73,555 | 30,946 | 13.9 | 9.8 | 4.1 | 2.21 |
1962 | 7,562,000 | 107,284 | 76,791 | 30,493 | 14.2 | 10.2 | 5.6 | 2.25 |
1963 | 7,604,000 | 112,903 | 76,460 | 36,443 | 14.8 | 10.1 | 4.7 | 2.33 |
1964 | 7,661,000 | 122,664 | 76,661 | 46,003 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 2.47 |
1965 | 7,734,000 | 122,806 | 78,194 | 44,612 | 15.9 | 10.1 | 5.8 | 2.39 |
1966 | 7,808,000 | 123,354 | 78,440 | 44,914 | 15.8 | 10.0 | 5.8 | 2.37 |
1967 | 7,868,000 | 121,360 | 79,783 | 41,577 | 15.4 | 10.1 | 5.3 | 2.28 |
1968 | 7,914,000 | 113,087 | 82,476 | 30,611 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 3.9 | 2.07 |
1969 | 7,968,000 | 107,622 | 83,352 | 24,270 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 3.0 | 1.94 |
1970 | 8,043,000 | 110,150 | 80,026 | 30,124 | 13.7 | 9.9 | 3.8 | 1.94 |
1971 | 8,098,000 | 114,484 | 82,717 | 31,767 | 14.1 | 10.2 | 3.9 | 1.98 |
1972 | 8,122,000 | 112,273 | 84,051 | 28,222 | 13.8 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 1.93 |
1973 | 8,137,000 | 109,663 | 85,640 | 24,023 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 3.0 | 1.88 |
1974 | 8,161,000 | 109,874 | 86,316 | 23,558 | 13.5 | 10.6 | 2.9 | 1.91 |
1975 | 8,193,000 | 103,632 | 88,208 | 15,424 | 12.6 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 1.78 |
1976 | 8,222,000 | 98,345 | 90,677 | 7,668 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 1.70 |
1977 | 8,252,000 | 96,057 | 88,202 | 7,855 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 0.9 | 1.64 |
1978 | 8,276,000 | 93,248 | 89,681 | 3,567 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 1.61 |
1979 | 8,294,000 | 96,255 | 91,074 | 5,181 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 0.6 | 1.66 |
1980 | 8,310,000 | 97,064 | 91,800 | 5,264 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 0.7 | 1.69 |
1981 | 8,320,000 | 94,065 | 92,034 | 2,031 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 0.2 | 1.63 |
1982 | 8,325,000 | 92,748 | 90,671 | 2,077 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 0.2 | 1.60 |
1983 | 8,329,000 | 91,780 | 90,791 | 989 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 0.1 | 1.61 |
1984 | 8,337,000 | 93,889 | 90,483 | 3,406 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 0.4 | 1.66 |
1985 | 8,350,000 | 98,463 | 94,032 | 4,431 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 0.5 | 1.74 |
1986 | 8,370,000 | 101,950 | 93,295 | 8,655 | 12.2 | 11.1 | 1.1 | 1.79 |
1987 | 8,398,000 | 104,699 | 93,307 | 11,392 | 12.5 | 11.1 | 1.4 | 1.84 |
1988 | 8,437,000 | 112,080 | 96,743 | 15,337 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 1.8 | 1.96 |
1989 | 8,493,000 | 116,023 | 92,110 | 23,913 | 13.7 | 10.8 | 2.9 | 2.02 |
1990 | 8,559,000 | 123,938 | 95,161 | 28,777 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 3.4 | 2.14 |
1991 | 8,617,000 | 123,737 | 95,202 | 28,535 | 14.4 | 11.0 | 3.4 | 2.12 |
1992 | 8,668,000 | 122,848 | 94,710 | 28,138 | 14.2 | 10.9 | 3.3 | 2.09 |
1993 | 8,719,000 | 117,998 | 97,008 | 20,990 | 13.5 | 11.1 | 2.4 | 2.00 |
1994 | 8,781,000 | 112,257 | 91,844 | 20,413 | 12.8 | 10.5 | 2.3 | 1.90 |
1995 | 8,831,000 | 103,326 | 96,910 | 6,416 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 0.7 | 1.74 |
1996 | 8,843,000 | 95,297 | 94,133 | 1,164 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 0.2 | 1.61 |
1997 | 8,846,000 | 89,171 | 92,674 | -3,503 | 10.1 | 10.5 | -0.4 | 1.52 |
1998 | 8,851,000 | 88,384 | 92,891 | -4,507 | 10.0 | 10.5 | -0.5 | 1.51 |
1999 | 8,858,000 | 88,173 | 94,726 | -6,553 | 10.0 | 10.7 | -0.7 | 1.50 |
2000 | 8,872,000 | 90,441 | 93,285 | -2,844 | 10.2 | 10.5 | -0.3 | 1.54 |
2001 | 8,896,000 | 91,466 | 93,752 | -2,286 | 10.3 | 10.5 | -0.2 | 1.57 |
2002 | 8,925,000 | 95,815 | 95,009 | 806 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 0.1 | 1.65 |
2003 | 8,958,000 | 99,157 | 92,961 | 6,196 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
2004 | 8,994,000 | 100,928 | 90,532 | 10,396 | 11.2 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 1.75 |
2005 | 9,030,000 | 101,346 | 91,710 | 9,636 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 1.0 | 1.77 |
2006 | 9,081,000 | 105,913 | 91,177 | 14,736 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 1.85 |
2007 | 9,148,000 | 107,421 | 91,729 | 15,692 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 1.88 |
2008 | 9,220,000 | 109,301 | 91,449 | 17,852 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 2.0 | 1.91 |
2009 | 9,299,000 | 111,801 | 90,080 | 21,721 | 12.0 | 9.7 | 2.3 | 1.93 |
2010 | 9,378,000 | 115,641 | 90,487 | 25,154 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 2.7 | 1.98 |
2011 | 9,449,000 | 111,770 | 89,938 | 21,832 | 11.8 | 9.5 | 2.3 | 1.90 |
2012 | 9,519,000 | 113,177 | 91,938 | 21,239 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 2.2 | 1.90 |
2013 | 9,644,000 | 113,593 | 90,402 | 23,191 | 11.8 | 9.4 | 2.4 | 1.89 |
2014 | 9,747,000 | 114,907 | 88,976 | 25,931 | 11.9 | 9.2 | 2.7 | 1.88 |
2015 | 9,851,000 | 114,870 | 90,907 | 23,963 | 11.7 | 9.3 | 2.4 | 1.85 |
2016 | 9,995,000 | 117,425 | 90,982 | 26,443 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 1.85 |
2017 | 10,120,000 | 115,416 | 91,972 | 23,444 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 2.3 | 1.78 |
2018 | 10,230,000 | 115,832 | 92,185 | 23,647 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 2.3 | 1.75 |
2019 | 10,327,000 | 114,523 | 88,766 | 25,757 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 2.5 | 1.70 |
2020 | 10,379,000 | 113,077 | 98,124 | 14,953 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 1.4 | 1.66 |
2021 | 10,452,326 | 114,263 | 91,958 | 22,305 | 10.9 | 8.8 | 2.1 | 1.67 |
2022 | 10,521,556 | 104,734 | 94,737 | 9,997 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 1.52 |
In 2021 80,465 (70.4%) babies were born to Swedish-born mothers while 33,798 (29.6%) were born to foreign-born mothers. The total fertility rate for Swedish-born women was 1.62, for foreign-born ones 1.86. [36]
Current vital statistics
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January 2022 | 8,917 | 9,187 | -270 |
January 2023 | 8,275 | 9,490 | -1,215 |
Difference | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Migration
Prior to World War II, emigrants generally outnumbered immigrants. Since then, net migration has been positive with many immigrants coming to Sweden from the 1970s through today.
Emigration
Between 1820 and 1930, approximately 1.3 million Swedes, a third of the country's population at the time,
Immigration
The demographic profile of Sweden has altered considerably due to immigration patterns since the 1970s. As of 2020, Statistics Sweden reported that around 2,686,040 or 25.9% of the inhabitants of Sweden were from a foreign background: that is, each such person either had been born abroad or had been born in Sweden to two parents who themselves had both been born abroad.[40] Also taking into account people with only one parent born abroad, this number increases to one third (33.5%).[41]
Additionally, the birth rate among immigrant women after arriving in Sweden is somewhat higher than among ethnic Swedes.[42] Taking into account the fact that immigrant women have on average fewer[citation needed] children than Swedish women of comparable age, however, the difference in total birth rate is only 0.1 children more if the woman is foreign born – with the disclaimer that some women may have children not immigrating to and not reported in Sweden, who are thus not included in the statistics.[43]
Historical immigration
- World War II
A sizable community from the
- 1945 to 1967
During the 1950s and 1960s, the recruitment of immigrant labour was an important factor of immigration. The Nordic countries signed a trade agreement in 1952, establishing a common labour market and free movement across borders. This migration within the Nordic countries, especially from Finland, was essential to create the tax-base required for the expansion of the strong public sector now characteristic of Scandinavia.[citation needed] but the influx gave rise to an anti-Finnish sentiment within Sweden and Norway. This continued until 1967, when the labour market became saturated, and Sweden introduced new immigration controls.
On a smaller scale, Sweden took in
Contemporary immigration
Since the early 1970s, immigration to Sweden has been mostly due to refugee migration and family reunification from countries in the Middle East and Latin America.[45] According to Eurostat, in 2010, there were 1.33 million foreign-born residents in Sweden, corresponding to 14.3% of the total population. Of these, 859,000 (64.3%) were born outside the EU and 477,000 (35.7%) were born in another EU Member State.[46][47] By comparison, the Swedish civil registry reports, for 2018, that nearly 1.96 million residents are foreign-born, a 47% increase from 2010. There are 8.27 million Swedish-born residents, giving a total population of 10.23 million, and a 19.1% foreign-born population.[48]
The first group of
Immigrants from Western Asia have been a rapidly growing share of Sweden's population. According to the government agency Statistics Sweden, the number of immigrants born in all of Asia (including the Middle East) rose from just 1,000 in 1950 to 295,000 in 2003.[52] Most of those immigrants came from Iraq, Iran, Lebanon and Syria, according to Statistics Sweden.[52]
Immigration of
A significant number of
Note that the table below lists the citizenship the person had when arriving in Sweden, and therefore there are no registered
Country | 1900 | 1930 | 1960 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
– | – | 6 | 5,874 | 14,162 | 20,758 | 193,594 | 196,077 | 197,799 |
![]() |
– | – | 16 | 9,818 | 49,372 | 121,761 | 146,440 | 146,769 | 146,831 |
![]() ![]() |
6,644 | 9,746 | 101,307 | 217,636 | 195,447 | 169,521 | 140,337 | 136,607 | 133,083 |
![]() ![]() |
– | 1,065 | 6,347 | 35,631 | 40,123 | 70,253 | 93,762 | 95,076 | 98,387 |
![]() |
2 | 8 | 115 | 40,084 | 51,101 | 62,120 | 81,301 | 83,122 | 85,488 |
![]() |
– | – | – | 1,441 | 13,082 | 37,846 | 70,184 | 70,087 | 69,477 |
![]() |
– | 19 | 1,532 | 43,346 | 71,972 | 70,819 | 63,419 | 62,444 | 61,554 |
![]() |
– | – | 17 | 534 | 4,287 | 14,420 | 60,858 | 62,803 | 65,662 |
![]() |
– | – | – | – | 51,526 | 56,183 | 60,161 | 60,194 | 60,265 |
![]() |
15 | 22 | 202 | 25,528 | 31,894 | 42,527 | 52,628 | 54,004 | 55,954 |
![]() ![]() |
5,107 | 8,566 | 37,580 | 37,558 | 38,155 | 48,158 | 51,434 | 52,960 | 55,642 |
![]() |
– | – | – | – | 3,054 | 10,301 | 47,156 | 48,278 | 49,213 |
![]() |
– | – | 20 | 4,934 | 10,353 | 31,378 | 44,339 | 45,109 | 45,631 |
![]() |
45 | 135 | 361 | 9,054 | 11,110 | 17,863 | 42,790 | 47,369 | 53,973 |
![]() |
7,978 | 14,731 | 37,253 | 52,744 | 42,464 | 43,480 | 41,062 | 40,625 | 40,277 |
![]() ![]() |
6,872 | 8,726 | 35,112 | 43,931 | 38,190 | 45,548 | 38,929 | 38,474 | 38,070 |
![]() |
34 | 201 | 520 | 3,896 | 8,150 | 23,998 | 36,023 | 37,172 | 38,461 |
![]() ![]() |
3 | 34 | 719 | 8,785 | 11,776 | 19,741 | 32,741 | 33,695 | 35,565 |
![]() |
779 | 1,270 | 2,738 | 11,378 | 14,602 | 20,839 | 31,035 | 31,993 | 32,575 |
![]() |
– | – | 15 | 15,986 | 20,038 | 24,116 | 28,885 | 29,313 | 29,770 |
![]() |
6 | 28 | 69 | 27,635 | 26,842 | 28,387 | 27,918 | 27,894 | 27,869 |
![]() |
5,130 | 8,852 | 10,874 | 13,001 | 14,413 | 17,179 | 23,290 | 24,173 | 24,970 |
![]() |
1,506 | – | – | – | 6,523 | 15,511 | 22,774 | 23,455 | 24,775 |
![]() |
5 | – | 59 | 10,027 | 11,907 | 13,822 | 22,125 | 22,672 | 23,141 |
![]() |
– | – | 11 | 2,291 | 3,100 | 10,265 | 21,172 | 24,183 | 27,292 |
![]() |
– | – | 1 | 6,265 | 10,898 | 14,584 | 21,126 | 21,528 | 21,874 |
![]() ![]() |
5 | 22 | 266 | 13,171 | 10,851 | 11,381 | 19,737 | 19,931 | 20,672 |
![]() ![]() |
50 | 108 | 8,544 | 15,045 | 14,127 | 15,339 | 16,480 | 16,381 | 16,568 |
![]() ![]() |
– | 149 | – | 233 | 785 | 6,735 | 15,917 | 16,434 | 17,396 |
![]() |
– | – | – | – | – | 5,324 | 15,874 | 16,719 | 17,567 |
![]() |
– | – | 5 | 2,613 | 5,460 | 9,826 | 15,640 | 16,219 | 16,790 |
![]() ![]() |
200 | 367 | 4,904 | 5,989 | 6,337 | 7,804 | 14,155 | 14,786 | 15,665 |
![]() |
– | – | 73 | 4,650 | 7,317 | 10,531 | 13,060 | 13,411 | 13,782 |
![]() ![]() |
30 | 64 | 867 | 4,917 | 5,079 | 6,763 | 12,930 | 13,409 | 14,060 |
![]() ![]() |
50 | 208 | 2,105 | 3,543 | 4,532 | 8,700 | 12,769 | 13,523 | 14,774 |
![]() |
– | – | – | 1,571 | 2,937 | 6,289 | 12,279 | 12,965 | 13,904 |
![]() ![]() |
– | – | – | – | 5,229 | 6,277 | 12,207 | 12,559 | 13,016 |
![]() |
– | – | – | – | 1,459 | 4,741 | 11,899 | 12,891 | 13,937 |
![]() |
– | – | 22 | 2,720 | 4,492 | 7,391 | 11,898 | 12,207 | 12,573 |
![]() ![]() |
255 | 599 | 1,750 | 3,844 | 5,602 | 7,944 | 11,854 | 12,618 | 13,445 |
![]() |
– | – | 47 | 8,205 | 9,170 | 10,398 | 11,719 | 11,795 | 11,945 |
![]() |
10,268 | 10,768 | |||||||
![]() |
10,653 | ||||||||
![]() ![]() |
10,052 | 10,427 | |||||||
![]() ![]() |
10,323 | ||||||||
![]() |
– | – | – | – | – | 2,288 | 11,164 | 11,920 | 12,605 |
![]() |
41 | 92 | 175 | 2,118 | 3,496 | 6,005 | 10,725 | 11,680 | 12,832 |
Total | 35,627 | 61,657 | 299,879 | 790,445 | 1,003,798 | 1,384,929 | 2,046,731 |
Language
The Swedish language is by far the dominating language in Sweden, and is used by the government administration. English is also widely spoken and is taught in public schools.
Since 1999, Sweden has five officially recognised
The
Similarly,
and its immediate neighbourhood. Finnish is also official language, along with Swedish, in the city of Eskilstuna.[citation needed]During the mid to late 20th century, immigrant communities brought other languages, among others being
Religion
The majority (56.4%) of the population belongs to the
See also
- Statistics Sweden
- Municipalities of Sweden
- Demographical center of Sweden
- Immigration to Europe
- List of countries by immigrant population
- Aging of Europe
- List of Swedish counties by fertility rate
Notes
- ^ Crude migration change (per 1,000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
- ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above represents a stable or increasing population and have been marked blue, while 2.0 and below leads to an aging and, ultimately, declining population.
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- ^ "Folkmängden efter födelseland, ålder och kön. År 2000 – 2021". Statistikdatabasen. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ "Sweden". Ethnologue. 19 February 1999. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ^ "Svenska kyrkans medlemsutveckling år 1972–2019" [Swedish church's membership development from 1972–2019] (PDF) (in Swedish). Church of Sweden. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Wendy Sloane (4 October 1995). "Sweden Snaps Strong Ties Between Church and State". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ISBN 9781784536336.
External links

- Statistics Sweden – Official Database available in English