Demographics of the Arab world

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Demographics of the Arab League
)

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Population density of the Arab countries

The Arab world consists of 22 states.[citation needed] As of 2021, the combined population of all the Arab states was around 475 million people.[citation needed]

The most populous Arab state is Egypt, the North African nation with a population of 109 million residents. Comoros, the Indian Ocean nation is the least populated, with around 821,625 inhabitants. The largest city in the Arab World is Cairo, Egypt.[citation needed]

Population growth

The population of the Arab world as estimated by the UN in 2017 was 414,727,833,[1] But there's no exact figures of the annual population growth, fertility rate, or mortality rate are known to exist.

Most of the Arab population is concentrated in and around major urban areas.[citation needed]

Shi'a make up the slight majority in areas of Iraq and Bahrain.[citation needed
]

Yarsan are practiced on a much smaller scale.[citation needed
]

The holiest place in Islam, the Kaaba, is located in Saudi Arabia.

Arab countries by religion (percentage of population)

N Country Muslims Christians Others
_  Arab League 96% 3% 1%
1  Algeria 98% 1% 1%
2  Bahrain 70% 15% 15%
3  Comoros 98% 2% 0%
4  Djibouti 94% 6% 0%
5  Egypt 90% 10% 0%
6  Iraq 95% 4% 1%
7  Jordan 94% 4% 2%
8  Kuwait 85% 7% 8%
9  Lebanon 61% 33% 5%
10  Libya 96% 3% 1%
11  Mauritania 100% 0% 0%
12  Morocco 99% 1% 0%
13  Oman 86% 6% 8%
14  Qatar 68% 14% 18%
15  Palestine 97.5% 2.5% 0%
16  Saudi Arabia 100% 0% 0%
17  Somalia 99% 0% 1%
18  Sudan 97% 2% 1%
19  Syria 87% 10% 3%
20  Tunisia 98% 1% 1%
21  United Arab Emirates 77% 10% 13%
22  Yemen 100% 0% 0%

Language

Arabic is the official and most spoken language in the Arab world, but additional languages are often used in the daily lives of some citizens.[citation needed] Currently, three major languages other than Arabic are used widely: Kurdish in northern Iraq and parts of Syria, Berber in North Africa, and Somali in the Horn of Africa.[citation needed]

There are several minority languages that are still spoken today, such as Afar, Armenian, Hebrew, Nubian, Persian, Aramaic, and Turkish.[citation needed] Arabic is a non-native language to 20% of the Arab population, with the Somali, Berber and Kurdish languages considered the most widely used after Arabic.[citation needed]

On the other hand, Arabic is divided into over 27 dialects. Almost every Arab state has at least one local dialect of its own. they can be divided into 5 major branches, the Peninsula Arabic, which is the Arabic used in the Arabian peninsula, with around 9 main dialects, Arabic of the Nile Valley, which includes the Masri, Saedi, Sudanese and Chadic Arabic, the Arabic of the Fertile Crescent, which includes the Bedawi, Levant Arabic, Iraqi Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic, the Magharbi Arabic, which includes the Dialects used in Mauritania, Morocco, Libya, Algeria and Tunisia, also another category of Arabic is the other isolated dialects of Arabic, like the Judeo-Arabic, Mediterranean Arabic, Nubi Arabic, and the juba Arabic, which have greatly been affected by these communities' own pronunciation, culture and native tongue.[citation needed]

Arab world populations

Many Arab countries in the Persian Gulf have sizable (10–30%) non-Arab populations. Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman have a Persian speaking minority. The same countries also have Hindi-Urdu speakers and Filipinos as sizable minority. Balochi speakers are a good size minority in Oman. Additionally, countries like Bahrain, UAE, Oman and Kuwait have significant non-Arab and non-Muslim minorities (10–20%) like Hindus and Christians from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and the Philippines.[citation needed]

Many non-Arab countries bordering the Arab states have large Arab populations, such as in Chad, Israel, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Turkey.[citation needed]

The table below shows the distribution of populations in the Arab world and Israel, as well as the official language(s) within the various Arab states.[citation needed]

Arab state Population % Arabs Official language(s) Notes
 Algeria 44,261,994[3] 85%[4] Arabic official language with Berber The Mixing between Arabs and Berbers in Algeria makes it difficult to trace the roots of many people. The percentage mentioned also includes people with Berber roots and identify themselves as Arabs.
 Bahrain 1,733,100[3] 51%[5] Arabic official language
 Comoros 780,971[6] 0.1%[7] Arabic co-official language with
Comorian and French
 Djibouti 810,179[8] 4%[9] Arabic co-official language with French It is estimated that there are about 37,000 Arabs in Djibouti.
 Egypt 102,069,001[10] 90%[11] Arabic official language [12]
 Iraq 46,081,677[13] 75–80%[14] Arabic co-official language with
Kurdish
 Jordan 10,255,045[3] 98%[15] Arabic official language
 Kuwait 4,156,306[16] 59.2%[17] Arabic official language
 Lebanon 6,810,123[3] 95%[18] Arabic official language
 Libya 6,244,174[19] 97%[20] Arabic official language
 Mauritania 3,516,806[21] 80%[22] Arabic official language The majority of the population of Mauritania belong to the Moors or "Moroccans". These are a mixture of Arabs and Africans to a lesser extent.
 Morocco 36,910,560[3] 75%[23] Arabic co-official language with Berber The Mixing between Arabs and Berbers in Morocco makes it difficult to trace the roots of many people. The percentage mentioned also includes people with Berber roots and identify themselves as Arabs.
 Oman 5,174,814[3] 81% Arabic official language
State of Palestine Palestine 5,163,462[3] 90%[24][25] Arabic official language West Bank: 2,731,052 (83% Palestinian Arabs)[24] Gaza Strip: 1,816,379 (100% Palestinian Arabs)[25]
 Qatar 2,906,257[3] 40%[26] Arabic official language Qatari citizens are about 20% of the total population and they are mostly Arab Qahhah. About 20% of the remaining population is made of Arab immigrants, mostly Egyptians and Levantines. The rest are non-Arab foreign workers such as Indians and Pakistanis.
 Saudi Arabia 35,094,163[3] 97%[27] Arabic official language
 Somalia 10,428,043[28] 0.3%[29] Arabic co-official language with Somali It is estimated that there are about 30,000 Arabs in Somalia.
 Sudan 35,482,233[30] 70%[31] Arabic co-official language with English
 Syria 17,723,461[3] 90%[31] Arabic official language
 Tunisia 10,937,521[32] 98%[33] Arabic official language The Mixing between Arabs and Berbers in Tunisia makes it difficult to trace the roots of many people. The percentage mentioned also includes people with Berber roots and identify themselves as Arabs.
 United Arab Emirates 10,102,678[34] 40%[35] Arabic official language Less than 20% of the UAE's population are citizens and the majority are workers of foreigners.
 Yemen 30,168,998[3] 98%[36] Arabic official language

Armenians

Armenian refugees after the Hamidian massacres. A lot of them settled in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Egypt

The

UAE. These Armenians are economic migrants from Lebanon and Syria
.

Prior to World War I, there were some 2,000–3,000 Armenians in Palestine, mostly in Jerusalem. From 1915 and onward, thousands of

Adana Vilayet) found refuge, and settled in Palestine, increasing its Armenian population.[37][38] In 1925, around 15,000 Armenians are believed to have lived in all of Palestine, with the majority in Jerusalem.[37] During Mandatory Palestine period, the number of Armenians is estimated to have reached up to 20,000.[37][39] However, the 1931 British census showed only 3,524 Armenians in all of Palestine.[37]

A large number of Armenian monks are recorded to have settled in Jerusalem as early as the 4th century,

Historical Palestine.[44]

Most Armenians are Christians mainly following the Orthodox Armenian Apostolic Church. The church has one of its two headquarters in Antelias, Lebanon, called The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia (the other being in Armenia called Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin). There are also Armenian Catholics. The world headquarters of the Armenian Catholic Church is also located in Beirut, Lebanon (and historically in Bzoummar, Lebanon). There are also a minority Armenian Evangelical Protestants. The Middle East headquarters of the Armenian Evangelical Church is in Beirut called Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East.[citation needed]

Assyrians

Al Hasakah regions in the north east are predominantly Assyrian.[citation needed
]

Berbers

See also:
Berbers
(Amazigh) are the largest non-Arab ethnicity in the Arab world.

Berbers are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa. They are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Since the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the seventh century, a large number of Berbers inhabiting the Maghreb have acquired different degrees of knowledge of varieties of Maghrebi Arabic.[citation needed]

Circassians

Circassians are a people who originate in the North Caucasus. They are predominantly Muslim, and can be found in Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon in relatively small numbers.[citation needed]

Coptic Christians

Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.[citation needed
]

Jews

Further information: Jewish tribes of Arabia and Arab Jews

The

Rechabites that converted to Judaism in antiquity. The tribes collapsed with the rise of Islam, with many either converting or fleeing the Arab peninsula. Some of those tribes are thought to have merged into Yemenite Jewish community, while others, like the residents of Yatta consider themselves Islamized descendants of Khaybar, a Jewish tribe of Arabia.[citation needed
]

Mizrahi Jewish communities– are not categorized as, and do not consider themselves to be, Arabs, as Jews are a separate nation from Arabs, with different history and culture.[46] However, sometimes the term Arab Jews is used to describe Jews from Arab countries, though the term is highly controversial. Sociologist Sammy Smooha stated "This ("Arab Jews") term does not hold water. It is absolutely not a parallel to 'Arab Christian'".[47] Those who dispute the historicity of the term make the claim that Middle Eastern Jews are similar to Assyrians, Berbers, and other Middle Eastern groups who live in Arab societies as distinct minority groups with distinct identity and therefore are not categorized as Arabs.[citation needed
]

Kurds

In the northern regions of

Yarsan minorities. The nationalist aspiration for self-rule or for a state of Kurdistan has created conflict between Kurdish minorities and their governments in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey[citation needed
]

Mandaeans

gnostic religion.[citation needed
]

Mhallami

Mhallami are a tiny minority unknown origins who have converted to Islam.[citation needed]

Nubians

See also: Nubians

Nubians, found in Northern

Nubian language.[citation needed
]

Nile valley civilizations, including Egypt, their skill and precision with the bow, their 23-letter alphabet, the use of deadly poison on the heads of their arrows, their great military, their advanced civilization, and their century-long rule over the united upper and lower Egyptian kingdoms.[citation needed
]

Roma

Roma are to be found in many parts of the Middle East and North Africa; their numbers are unknown. They speak their own language and may loosely follow the predominant religion of the country they live in.[48]

Shabaks

Shabaks are mainly found in Iraq, they are either Muslim or follow native religions. They are also related to Kurds, but like the Yazidi, emphasise their separate identity.[citation needed
]

Somalis

Persians, Britons and Italians.[51][53]

Djibouti, whose demographics are approximately 60% Somali and 35% Afar, is in a similar position. Arabic is one of the official languages, 94% of the nation's population is Muslim, and its location on the Red Sea places it in close proximity to the Arabian Peninsula. Somali and Afar are also recognized national languages.[54]

Turks

See also: Turks in the Arab world

The Arab world is home to sizeable populations of Turks throughout North Africa, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula.[citation needed]

There is a notable Turkish minority in

Egyptian revolution in 1919, the ruling and upper classes were mainly Turkish, or of Turkish descent (see Turks in Egypt), which was part of the heritage from the Ottoman rule of Egypt.[55]

In the

Lebanese Turks number approximately 80,000.[64] However, there has also been a recent influx of Syrian Turkmen refugees (125,000 to 150,000 in 2015) who now outnumber the long establish Ottoman descended Turkish minority.[65]

In the Arabian Peninsula, there are Turkish minorities who have lived in the region since the Ottoman era. The Turks live predominately in Saudi Arabia (see Turks in Saudi Arabia) and Yemen (see Turks in Yemen).[citation needed]

Yazidi

The

Yazidi are a religious Kurdish community who represent an ancient religion that is linked to Zoroastrianism. They number 500,000 in Iraq and 14,000 in Syria.[citation needed
]

Modern identities

North Africans

See also: Sudan
See also: Mauritania
Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia

North Africans are the inhabitants of the North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt). Maghrebis mostly speak Maghrebi Arabic, which is descended from Classical Arabic and has a marked Berber substratum, while Egyptians speak Egyptian Arabic which is mainly based on Coptic grammar rather than Classical Arabic.[citation needed]

In 647 AD (the year 27 of the Hijrah), the first

Islamic faith. We know little of the early Islamic town, but by the tenth century the area outside of the fortress was once more filled with houses: on the site of the Roman baths over twelve of these were excavated, with large courtyards surrounded by long, thin, rooms.[66]

After ruling over

Fatimids to seize North Africa.[68]

Genetics

Further information: Genetic studies on Arabs, Genetic history of the Middle East, and Genetic history of North Africa

Y chromosome

Listed here are the

Arabian peninsula).[69]

Haplogroup n A B C DE E1a E1b1a E1b1b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1b E1b1b1a2 E1b1b1a3 E1b1b1a4 E1b1b1b E1b1b1c
Marker M33 M2 M35 M78 V12 V32 V13 V22 V65 M81 M34
Maghreb
Sahara/Mauritania 189 - 0.53 - - 5.29 6.88 - - - - - - - 55.56 11.11
Morocco 760 0.26 0.66 - - 2.76 3.29 4.21 0.79 0.26 - 0.26 1.84 3.68 67.37 0.66
Algeria 156 - - - - 0.64 5.13 0.64 1.92 0.64 - 0.64 1.28 1.92 44.23 1.28
Tunisia 601 - 0.17 - - 0.5 0.67 1.66 - - - - 3 3.16 50.73 1.16
Libya 83 - - - - - 38.55 - - - - 2.41 - 4.82 45.78 -
Machrik
Egypt 370 1.35 - - - 0.54 2.43 3.24 0.81 7.03 1.62 0.81 9.19 2.43 11.89 6.76
Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Iraq 2741 0.18 0.04 0.04 - 0.33 0.62 0.44 - - - 1.24 8.72 - 0.84 5.36
Arabian Peninsula 618 0.16 0.81 0.97 0.81 0.32 5.66 1.94 0.49 - - 0.32 2.43 - 0.16 5.66
Haplogroup
(continued) 		F G H I J1 J2 K L N O P,R Q R1a1 R1b R1b1a R1b1b R2 T
Marker M89 M201 M69 M343 V88 M269 M70
Maghreb
Sahara/Mauritania - - - 13.23 - - - - - - - - - 6.88 0.53 - -
Morocco 0.26 0.66 - 0.13 6.32 1.32 0.53 - - - 0.26 - - - 0.92 3.55 - -
Algeria 3.85 - - - 21.79 2.49 0.64 - - - - 0.64 0.64 - 2.56 7.04 - -
Tunisia 2.66 0.17 - 0.17 26.64 6.83 0.33 - - - 0.33 - 0.5 - 1.83 0.33 - 1.16
Libya - 8 - - - - - - - - 2.41 - - - 6.02 - - -
Machrik
Egypt 1.08 5.68 - 0.54 20.81 6.75 0.27 0.81 - 0.27 0.54 0.27 2.16 - 2.97 2.97 0.54 6.22
Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Iraq 0.15 5.47 - 2.84 30.83 21.05 0.69 3.43 0.15 0.07 0.66 1.2 3.39 0.36 5.47 1.97 0.47 3.98
Arabian Peninsula 1.29 2.91 2.1 - 44.01 11.32 4.37 2.27 - 0.65 0.32 1.46 6.31 0.16 - 2.43 0.16 0.49

Comparison of the members

Country Area (km2) Population[70][71] (2021) GDP PPP (in billions $) TFR
 Arab League 13,132,327 406,691,829 3,335.3
 Algeria 2,381,740 44,177,969 284.7 2.80 (2020)
 Bahrain 760 1,463,265 34.96 1.74 (2019 est)
 Comoros 2,235 821,625 0.911 4.3 (2012 est)
 Djibouti 23,200 1,105,557 2.505 2.8 (2010 est)
 Egypt 1,001,450 109,262,178 551.4 2.63 (2021 est)
 Iraq 438,317 43,533,592 249.4 3.6 (2018 est)
 Jordan 89,342 11,148,278 40.02 2.6 (2020 est)
 Kuwait 17,818 4,250,114 165.8 2.03 (2020 est)
 Lebanon 10,452 5,592,631 51.474 1.74 (2014 est)
 Libya 1,759,540 6,735,277 73.6 2.20 (2020 est)
 Mauritania 1,030,700 4,614,974 8.204 5.20 (2021)
 Morocco 710,850 37,076,584 180 1.87 (2020)
 Oman 309,500 4,520,471 94.86 2.66 (2020)
 Qatar 11,586 2,688,235 26.37 1.67 (2020 est)
 Saudi Arabia 2,149,690 35,950,396 927.8 1.92 (2018)
 Somalia 637,657 17,065,581 5.896 5.70 (2018 est)
 Sudan 1,861,484 45,657,202 89.97 4.49 (2012)
 Syria 185,180 21,324,367 107.6 3.0 (2012)
 Tunisia 163,610 12,262,946 108.4 1.86 (2020)
 United Arab Emirates 83,600 9,365,145 269.8 1.75 (2016 est)
 Yemen 527,968 32,981,641 61.63 4.4 (2013)

See also

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