Demographics of Europe
Figures for the population of Europe vary according to the particular definition of Europe's boundaries. In 2018, Europe had a total population of over 751 million people.[1][2] 448 million of that live in the European Union and 110 million live in European Russia, Russia being the most populous country in Europe.
Europe's
.History
Prehistory
According to Volker Heyd, an archaeologist at the University of Helsinki, up to 7 million people lived in Europe in 3000 BC.[4]
According to archaeologist Johannes Müller, European population was about 1 million around 6500 BCE which increased to 8 million in 2000 BCE.[5]
Estimates for historical population sizes of Europe (including Central Asia, listed under "
Year | Population (% of world total) |
---|---|
AD 1 | 34 (15%) |
1000 | 40 (15%) |
1500 | 78 (18%) |
1600 | 112 (20%) |
1700 | 127 (21%) |
1820 | 224 (21%) |
1913 | 498 (28%) |
2000 | 742 (13%) |
Past populations of Europe in modern national borders, AD 1–2020
Country/region | 1 | 1000 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1820 | 1870 | 1913 | 1950 | 1973 | 1998 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 500[7] | 700[7] | 2000[7] | 2500[7] | 2500[7] | 3369[7] | 4520[7] | 6767[7] | 6935[7] | 7586[7] | 8078[7] | 8901[7] |
Belgium | 300[7] | 400[7] | 1400[7] | 1600[7] | 2000[7] | 3424[7] | 5096[7] | 7666[7] | 8640[7] | 9738[7] | 10197[7] | 11493[7] |
Denmark | 180[7] | 360[7] | 600[7] | 650[7] | 700[7] | 1155[7] | 1888[7] | 2983[7] | 4269[7] | 5022[7] | 5303[7] | 5823[7] |
Finland | 20[7] | 40[7] | 300[7] | 400[7] | 400[7] | 1169[7] | 1754[7] | 3027[7] | 4009[7] | 4666[7] | 5153[7] | 5536[7] |
France | 5000[7] | 6500[7] | 15000[7] | 18500[7] | 21471[7] | 31246[7] | 38440[7] | 41463[7] | 41836[7] | 52118[7] | 58805[7] | 67287[7] |
Germany | 3000[7] | 3500[7] | 12000[7] | 16000[7] | 15000[7] | 24905[7] | 39231[7] | 65058[7] | 68371[7] | 78956[7] | 82029[7] | 83191[7] |
Italy | 7000[7] | 5000[7] | 10500[7] | 13100[7] | 13300[7] | 20176[7] | 27888[7] | 37248[7] | 47105[7] | 54751[7] | 57592[7] | 59258[7] |
Netherlands | 200[7] | 300[7] | 950[7] | 1500[7] | 1900[7] | 2355[7] | 3615[7] | 6164[7] | 10114[7] | 13438[7] | 15700[7] | 17425[7] |
Norway | 100[7] | 200[7] | 300[7] | 400[7] | 500[7] | 970[7] | 1735[7] | 2447[7] | 3265[7] | 3961[7] | 4432[7] | 5368[7] |
Sweden | 200[7] | 400[7] | 550[7] | 760[7] | 1260[7] | 2585[7] | 4164[7] | 5621[7] | 7015[7] | 8137[7] | 8851[7] | 10379[7] |
Switzerland | 300[7] | 300[7] | 650[7] | 1000[7] | 1200[7] | 1829[7] | 2664[7] | 3864[7] | 4694[7] | 6441[7] | 7130[7] | 8667[7] |
United Kingdom | 800[7] | 2000[7] | 3942[7] | 6170[7] | 8565[7] | 21226[7] | 31393[7] | 45649[7] | 50363[7] | 56223[7] | 59237[7] | 67886[7] |
Portugal | 500[7] | 600[7] | 1000[7] | 1100[7] | 2000[7] | 3297[7] | 4353[7] | 6004[7] | 8512[7] | 8634[7] | 9968[7] | 10305[7] |
Spain | 4500[7] | 4000[7] | 6800[7] | 8240[7] | 8770[7] | 12203[7] | 16201[7] | 20263[7] | 27868[7] | 34810[7] | 39371[7] | 47431[7] |
Greece | 2000[7] | 1000[7] | 1000[7] | 1500[7] | 1500[7] | 2312[7] | 7554[7] | 8929[7] | 10835[7] | 10689[7] | ||
13 small countries | 100[7] | 113[7] | 276[7] | 358[7] | 394[7] | 657[7] | ||||||
Total Western Europe | 24700[7] | 25413[7] | 57268[7] | 73778[7] | 81460[7] | 132888[7] | 187532[7] | 261007[7] | 305060[7] | 358390[7] | 388399[7] | 419639[7] |
Albania | 200[7] | 200[7] | 200[7] | 200[7] | 300[7] | 437 | 1215[7] | 2296[7] | 3108[7] | 2878[7] | ||
Bulgaria | 500[7] | 800[7] | 800[7] | 1250[7] | 1250[7] | 2187[7] | 4200[7] | 7251[7] | 8621[7] | 8257[7] | 6917[7] | |
Czechoslovakia | 1000[7] | 1250[7] | 3000[7] | 4500[7] | 4500[7] | 7190[7] | 12393[7] | 14563[7] | 15686[7] | 16366[7] | ||
- Czech Rep. | 10221[7] | 8930[7] | 10295[7] | 10702[7] | ||||||||
- Slovakia | 3463[7] | 4642[7] | 5391[7] | 5460[7] | ||||||||
Hungary | 300[7] | 500[7] | 1250[7] | 1250[7] | 1500[7] | 4571[7] | 9338[7] | 10432[7] | 10237[7] | 9770[7] | ||
Poland | 450[7] | 1200[7] | 4000[7] | 5000[7] | 6000[7] | 10426[7] | 25753[7] | 33363[7] | 38666[7] | 38268[7] | ||
Romania | 800[7] | 800[7] | 2000[7] | 2000[7] | 2500[7] | 6389[7] | 7360[7] | 16311[7] | 20828[7] | 22503[7] | 19266[7] | |
Yugoslavia
|
1500[7] | 1750[7] | 2250[7] | 2750[7] | 2750[7] | 5215[7] | 16578[7] | 21088[7] | ||||
Eastern Europe | 4750[7] | 6500[7] | 13500[7] | 16950[7] | 18800[7] | 36415[7] | 52182[7] | 79604[7] | 139428[7] | 173037[7] | 164513[7] | 151529[7] |
Former USSR | 3900[7] | 7100[7] | 16950[7] | 20700[7] | 26550[7] | 54765[7] | 88672[7] | 156192[7] | 180050[7] | 249748[7] | 290866[7] | 299173[7] |
- Russia | 102833[7] | 132434[7] | 147671[7] | 146171[7] | ||||||||
- Ukraine | 31142[7] | 36905[7] | 48274[7] | 50370[7] | 41902[7] | |||||||
World | 230820[7] | 268273[7] | 437818[7] | 555828[7] | 603410[7] | 1041092[7] | 1270014[7] | 1791020[7] | 2524531[7] | 3913482[7] | 5907680[7] | 7800000[7] |
Country/region | 1 | 1000 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1820 | 1870 | 1913 | 1950 | 1973 | 1998 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 0.2[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.5[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.1[7] | |
Belgium | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | |
Denmark | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | |
Finland | 0.0[7] | 0.0[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | |
France | 2.2[7] | 2.4[7] | 3.4[7] | 3.3[7] | 3.6[7] | 3.0[7] | 3.0[7] | 2.3[7] | 1.7[7] | 1.3[7] | 1.0[7] | |
Germany | 1.3[7] | 1.3[7] | 2.7[7] | 2.9[7] | 2.5[7] | 2.4[7] | 3.1[7] | 3.6[7] | 2.7[7] | 2.0[7] | 1.4[7] | |
Italy | 3.0[7] | 1.9[7] | 2.4[7] | 2.4[7] | 2.2[7] | 1.9[7] | 2.2[7] | 2.1[7] | 1.9[7] | 1.4[7] | 1.0[7] | |
Netherlands | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | |
Norway | 0.0[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | |
Sweden | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.1[7] | |
Switzerland | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.1[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.1[7] | |
United Kingdom | 0.3[7] | 0.7[7] | 0.9[7] | 1.1[7] | 1.4[7] | 2.0[7] | 2.5[7] | 2.5[7] | 2.0[7] | 1.4[7] | 1.0[7] | |
Portugal | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.2[7] | 0.2[7] | |
Spain | 1.9[7] | 1.5[7] | 1.6[7] | 1.5[7] | 1.5[7] | 1.2[7] | 1.3[7] | 1.1[7] | 1.1[7] | 0.9[7] | 0.7[7] | |
Other | 0.9[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.3[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.5[7] | 0.4[7] | 0.3[7] | |
Total Western Europe | 10.7[7] | 9.5[7] | 13.1[7] | 13.3[7] | 13.5[7] | 12.8[7] | 14.8[7] | 14.6[7] | 12.1[7] | 9.2[7] | 6.6[7] | |
Eastern Europe | 2.1[7] | 2.4[7] | 3.1[7] | 3.0[7] | 3.1[7] | 3.5[7] | 4.1[7] | 4.4[7] | 3.5[7] | 2.8[7] | 2.0[7] | |
Former USSR | 1.7[7] | 2.6[7] | 3.9[7] | 3.7[7] | 4.4[7] | 5.3[7] | 7.0[7] | 8.7[7] | 7.1[7] | 6.4[7] | 4.9[7] | |
Total Europe | 14.5[7] | 14.5[7] | 20.1[7] | 20.0[7] | 21.0[7] | 21.6[7] | 25.9[7] | 27.7[7] | 22.7[7] | 18.4[7] | 13.5[7] | 9.8[8] |
World | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] | 100.0[7] |
- Note: These numbers do not include the population of European countries' colonies. Only population within Europe.
Total population
330,000,000 people lived in Europe in 1916.[9] In 1950 there were 549,000,000.[10] The population of Europe in 2015 was estimated to be 741 million according to the United Nations,[10] which was slightly less than 11% of the world population. The precise figure depends on the exact definition of the geographic extent of Europe. The population of the European Union (EU) was 509 million as of 2015.[11] Non-EU countries situated in Europe in their entirety[12] account for another 90 million. Five transcontinental countries[13] have a total of 247 million people, of which about half reside in Europe proper.
As it stands now, around 10% of the world's people live in Europe. If demographic trends keep their pace, its share may fall to around 7% in 2050, but still amounting to 716 million people in absolute numbers, according to the United Nations estimate.
Vital statistics
Year | Average population |
Live births | Deaths | Natural change |
Crude rates (per 1000) | Total fertility rate |
Life expectancy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Births | Deaths | Natural change |
Migration change | |||||||
1950 | 549,721,718 | 12,202,220 | 6,473,233 | 5,728,987 | 22.2 | 11.8 | 10.4 | -1.6 | 2.70 | 62.8 |
1951 | 554,559,502 | 12,112,425 | 6,609,794 | 5,502,631 | 21.8 | 11.9 | 9.9 | -0.8 | 2.66 | 62.8 |
1952 | 559,609,904 | 12,142,368 | 6,265,135 | 5,877,233 | 21.7 | 11.2 | 10.5 | -0.8 | 2.66 | 64.0 |
1953 | 565,058,633 | 12,120,826 | 6,220,937 | 5,899,889 | 21.5 | 11.0 | 10.4 | -0.5 | 2.64 | 64.7 |
1954 | 570,670,994 | 12,151,779 | 6,072,645 | 6,079,134 | 21.3 | 10.6 | 10.7 | -0.8 | 2.64 | 65.5 |
1955 | 576,304,974 | 12,134,270 | 5,987,151 | 6,147,119 | 21.1 | 10.4 | 10.7 | -0.9 | 2.63 | 66.0 |
1956 | 581,975,516 | 12,133,583 | 5,899,594 | 6,233,989 | 20.8 | 10.1 | 10.7 | -0.8 | 2.62 | 66.9 |
1957 | 587,711,635 | 12,194,100 | 5,963,269 | 6,230,831 | 20.7 | 10.1 | 10.6 | -0.5 | 2.62 | 66.9 |
1958 | 593,669,297 | 12,177,600 | 5,647,571 | 6,530,029 | 20.5 | 9.5 | 11.0 | -0.9 | 2.60 | 68.2 |
1959 | 599,684,870 | 12,178,245 | 5,816,056 | 6,362,189 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 10.6 | -0.7 | 2.60 | 68.1 |
1960 | 605,629,870 | 12,098,378 | 5,783,828 | 6,314,550 | 20.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | -0.4 | 2.58 | 68.8 |
1961 | 611,711,020 | 11,990,399 | 5,749,292 | 6,241,107 | 19.6 | 9.4 | 10.2 | -0.5 | 2.56 | 69.1 |
1962 | 617,672,206 | 11,784,056 | 6,023,706 | 5,760,350 | 19.1 | 9.8 | 9.3 | -0.1 | 2.53 | 68.9 |
1963 | 623,335,994 | 11,654,646 | 6,031,219 | 5,623,427 | 18.7 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 0 | 2.52 | 69.2 |
1964 | 628,944,878 | 11,467,618 | 5,843,514 | 5,624,104 | 18.2 | 9.3 | 8.9 | -0.4 | 2.50 | 69.9 |
1965 | 634,267,606 | 11,141,596 | 6,058,752 | 5,082,844 | 17.6 | 9.6 | 8.0 | -0.1 | 2.45 | 69.8 |
1966 | 639,264,461 | 10,950,076 | 6,074,808 | 4,875,268 | 17.1 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 0 | 2.42 | 70.0 |
1967 | 644,114,436 | 10,969,039 | 6,204,646 | 4,764,393 | 17.0 | 9.6 | 7.4 | -0.4 | 2.42 | 70.0 |
1968 | 648,610,191 | 10,821,004 | 6,427,622 | 4,393,382 | 16.7 | 9.9 | 6.8 | -0.4 | 2.38 | 69.9 |
1969 | 652,740,596 | 10,685,498 | 6,652,543 | 4,032,955 | 16.4 | 10.2 | 6.2 | -0.4 | 2.33 | 69.6 |
1970 | 656,521,426 | 10,568,071 | 6,602,177 | 3,965,894 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 6.0 | 0 | 2.28 | 70.0 |
1971 | 660,476,010 | 10,662,541 | 6,675,051 | 3,987,490 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 2.27 | 70.1 |
1972 | 664,799,679 | 10,499,844 | 6,699,913 | 3,799,931 | 15.8 | 10.1 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 2.21 | 70.3 |
1973 | 668,909,022 | 10,322,172 | 6,814,598 | 3,507,574 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 2.14 | 70.4 |
1974 | 672,912,941 | 10,406,013 | 6,818,259 | 3,587,754 | 15.5 | 10.1 | 5.3 | 0.4 | 2.13 | 70.6 |
1975 | 676,770,845 | 10,285,047 | 7,009,188 | 3,275,859 | 15.2 | 10.4 | 4.8 | 0.5 | 2.07 | 70.5 |
1976 | 680,361,150 | 10,242,399 | 7,085,837 | 3,156,562 | 15.1 | 10.4 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 2.03 | 70.6 |
1977 | 683,848,710 | 10,171,264 | 7,039,667 | 3,131,597 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 4.6 | 0.2 | 1.99 | 70.9 |
1978 | 687,149,553 | 10,143,418 | 7,183,531 | 2,959,887 | 14.8 | 10.5 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 1.96 | 70.9 |
1979 | 690,287,705 | 10,159,933 | 7,268,744 | 2,891,189 | 14.7 | 10.5 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 1.95 | 71.0 |
1980 | 693,437,228 | 10,156,371 | 7,422,720 | 2,733,651 | 14.6 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 1.93 | 70.9 |
1981 | 696,429,190 | 10,053,030 | 7,404,116 | 2,648,914 | 14.4 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 1.89 | 71.2 |
1982 | 699,220,370 | 10,102,647 | 7,373,734 | 2,728,913 | 14.4 | 10.5 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 1.89 | 71.5 |
1983 | 702,014,774 | 10,078,184 | 7,562,097 | 2,516,087 | 14.4 | 10.8 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 1.87 | 71.5 |
1984 | 704,798,623 | 10,050,688 | 7,584,914 | 2,465,774 | 14.3 | 10.8 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 1.86 | 71.6 |
1985 | 707,516,287 | 9,969,920 | 7,702,883 | 2,267,037 | 14.1 | 10.9 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 1.84 | 71.7 |
1986 | 710,385,076 | 9,987,274 | 7,423,641 | 2,563,633 | 14.1 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 1.84 | 72.5 |
1987 | 713,465,338 | 9,966,304 | 7,407,417 | 2,558,887 | 14.0 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 1.84 | 72.7 |
1988 | 716,444,431 | 9,840,567 | 7,475,880 | 2,364,687 | 13.7 | 10.4 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 1.82 | 72.8 |
1989 | 719,107,883 | 9,495,117 | 7,527,904 | 1,967,213 | 13.2 | 10.5 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 1.76 | 72.9 |
1990 | 721,497,282 | 9,235,425 | 7,681,197 | 1,554,228 | 12.8 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.72 | 72.9 |
1991 | 723,602,898 | 8,888,909 | 7,796,555 | 1,092,354 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.66 | 72.9 |
1992 | 725,259,493 | 8,523,515 | 7,935,829 | 587,686 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.60 | 72.7 |
1993 | 726,441,892 | 8,138,793 | 8,412,609 | -273,816 | 11.2 | 11.6 | -0.4 | 1.4 | 1.53 | 72.1 |
1994 | 727,063,162 | 7,913,453 | 8,492,472 | -579,019 | 10.9 | 11.7 | -0.8 | 1.1 | 1.50 | 72.1 |
1995 | 727,300,408 | 7,663,831 | 8,553,348 | -889,517 | 10.5 | 11.8 | -1.2 | 1.4 | 1.46 | 72.2 |
1996 | 727,453,566 | 7,581,575 | 8,394,631 | -813,056 | 10.4 | 11.5 | -1.1 | 1.3 | 1.45 | 72.7 |
1997 | 727,566,480 | 7,476,674 | 8,240,385 | -763,711 | 10.3 | 11.3 | -1.0 | 0.8 | 1.43 | 73.2 |
1998 | 727,445,606 | 7,369,527 | 8,193,143 | -823,616 | 10.1 | 11.3 | -1.1 | 0.6 | 1.42 | 73.6 |
1999 | 727,100,016 | 7,264,382 | 8,402,774 | -1,138,392 | 10.0 | 11.6 | -1.6 | 1.4 | 1.40 | 73.4 |
2000 | 726,968,473 | 7,325,763 | 8,401,888 | -1,076,125 | 10.1 | 11.6 | -1.5 | 1.4 | 1.42 | 73.5 |
2001 | 726,878,371 | 7,277,594 | 8,364,598 | -1,087,004 | 10.0 | 11.5 | -1.5 | 1.6 | 1.41 | 73.8 |
2002 | 726,939,358 | 7,330,526 | 8,520,890 | -1,190,364 | 10.1 | 11.7 | -1.6 | 2.3 | 1.42 | 73.8 |
2003 | 727,424,988 | 7,442,475 | 8,655,471 | -1,212,996 | 10.2 | 11.9 | -1.7 | 2.7 | 1.45 | 73.8 |
2004 | 728,163,243 | 7,558,652 | 8,381,363 | -822,711 | 10.4 | 11.5 | -1.1 | 2.2 | 1.47 | 74.4 |
2005 | 728,950,486 | 7,568,637 | 8,494,391 | -925,754 | 10.4 | 11.7 | -1.3 | 2.5 | 1.47 | 74.5 |
2006 | 729,857,708 | 7,703,029 | 8,237,212 | -534,183 | 10.6 | 11.3 | -0.7 | 2.8 | 1.50 | 75.2 |
2007 | 731,393,136 | 7,886,129 | 8,187,820 | -301,691 | 10.8 | 11.2 | -0.4 | 2.9 | 1.54 | 75.6 |
2008 | 733,256,182 | 8,169,398 | 8,195,293 | -25,895 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 1.59 | 75.8 |
2009 | 734,902,805 | 8,208,268 | 8,099,043 | 109,225 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.60 | 76.3 |
2010 | 736,276,813 | 8,227,484 | 8,128,387 | 99,097 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.61 | 76.5 |
2011 | 737,589,666 | 8,132,980 | 7,958,960 | 174,020 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 1.60 | 77.1 |
2012 | 738,907,594 | 8,178,804 | 8,078,292 | 100,512 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.62 | 77.3 |
2013 | 740,013,806 | 8,039,791 | 8,033,963 | 5,828 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.60 | 77.6 |
2014 | 741,014,147 | 8,067,454 | 7,955,740 | 111,714 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 1.62 | 77.9 |
2015 | 742,107,449 | 8,004,465 | 8,177,599 | -173,134 | 10.8 | 11.0 | -0.2 | 1.8 | 1.62 | 78.0 |
2016 | 743,318,582 | 7,950,684 | 8,009,194 | -58,510 | 10.7 | 10.8 | -0.1 | 1.6 | 1.62 | 78.4 |
2017 | 744,449,361 | 7,617,755 | 8,076,159 | -458,404 | 10.2 | 10.8 | -0.6 | 1.8 | 1.56 | 78.7 |
2018 | 745,359,130 | 7,375,157 | 8,112,356 | -737,199 | 9.9 | 10.9 | -1.0 | 2.1 | 1.53 | 78.8 |
2019 | 746,189,645 | 7,108,392 | 8,020,246 | -911,854 | 9.5 | 10.7 | -1.2 | 1.2 | 1.49 | 79.1 |
2020 | 746,225,356 | 6,938,739 | 9,119,281 | -2,180,542 | 9.3 | 12.2 | -2.9 | 1.5 | 1.47 | 77.7 |
2021 | 745,173,774 | 6,879,818 | 9,656,398 | -2,776,580 | 9.2 | 13.0 | -3.7 | 1.48 | 77.0 |
Population by country
This article needs to be updated.(April 2023) |
According to different definitions, such as consideration of the concept of Central Europe, the following territories and regions may be subject to various other categorisations aside from geographic conventions.
Country (or territory) | Density (per km2) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Albania * | 2,854,710 | 28,748 | 99 |
Andorra * | 79,034 | 468 | 169 |
Armenia * | 2,790,974 | 29,743 | 94 |
Austria * | 8,922,082 | 83,871 | 106 |
Azerbaijan * | 10,312,992 | 86,600 | 119 |
Belarus * | 9,578,167 | 207,600 | 46 |
Belgium * | 11,611,419 | 30,528 | 380 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina * | 3,270,943 | 51,209 | 64 |
Bulgaria * | 6,520,314 | 110,900 | 59 |
Croatia * | 4,060,135 | 56,594 | 72 |
Cyprus * | 1,244,188 | 9,251 | 134 |
Czech Republic * | 10,510,751 | 78,866 | 133 |
Denmark * | 5,854,240 | 43,094 | 136 |
Estonia * | 1,328,701 | 45,227 | 29 |
Faroe Islands * (Denmark) | 49,709 | 1,399 | 35.6 |
Finland * | 5,535,992 | 336,852 | 16 |
France * | 64,531,444 | 551,500 | 117 |
Georgia * | 3,757,980 | 69,700 | 54 |
Germany * | 83,408,554 | 357,137 | 234 |
Gibraltar * (UK) | 32,669 | 6 | 5,445 |
Greece * | 10,445,365 | 131,957 | 79 |
Guernsey *[d]
|
65,345 | 63 | 1,037 |
Hungary * | 9,709,786 | 93,026 | 104 |
Iceland * | 370,335 | 103,000 | 4 |
Ireland * | 4,986,526 | 69,825 | 71 |
Isle of Man *[d] | 84,263 | 572 | 147 |
Italy * | 59,240,329 | 301,339 | 197 |
Jersey *[d] | 97,857 | 116 | 844 |
Kosovo **[p] | 1,859,203 | 10,887 | 171 |
Latvia * | 1,873,919 | 64,562 | 29 |
Liechtenstein * | 39,039 | 160 | 244 |
Lithuania * | 2,786,651 | 65,300 | 43 |
Luxembourg * | 639,321 | 2,586 | 247 |
Malta * | 526,748 | 316 | 1,667 |
Moldova * | 3,061,506 | 33,846 | 90 |
Monaco * | 36,686 | 2 | 18,343 |
Montenegro * | 627,859 | 13,812 | 45 |
Netherlands * | 17,501,696 | 37,354 | 469 |
North Macedonia * | 2,103,330 | 25,713 | 82 |
Norway * | 5,403,021 | 323,787 | 17 |
Poland * | 38,307,726 | 311,888 | 123 |
Portugal *[f] | 10,290,103 | 92,212 | 112 |
Romania * | 19,328,560 | 238,391 | 81 |
Russia * | 145,102,755 | 17,098,246 | 8 |
San Marino * | 33,745 | 61 | 553 |
Serbia *[g] | 7,296,769 | 88,361 | 83 |
Slovakia * | 5,447,622 | 49,036 | 111 |
Slovenia * | 2,119,410 | 20,273 | 105 |
Spain * | 47,486,935 | 505,992 | 94 |
Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Norway) | 2,868 | 62,422 | 0 |
Sweden * | 10,467,097 | 450,295 | 23 |
Switzerland * | 8,691,406 | 41,285 | 211 |
Transnistria *
|
505,000 | 4,163 | 121.3 |
Turkey * | 84,775,404 | 783,562 | 108 |
Ukraine * | 43,531,422 | 603,500 | 72 |
United Kingdom * | 67,281,039 | 242,495 | 277 |
Vatican City *
|
842 | 0.4 | 1,913.6 |
Åland (Finland) | 28,666 | 1,580 | 18 |
* indicates link goes to article on demographics of the country (or territory), not just the country itself.
Age
Mirroring their mostly sub-replacement fertility and high life expectancy, European countries tend to have older populations overall. They had nine of the top ten highest median ages in national populations in 2005. Only Japan had an older population.[16]
Fertility
According to Eurostat, the average birth rate in the European Union was 1.5 children per woman in 2020. The EU countries with the highest rates were France (1.83 live births per woman), Romania (1.80) and Czechia (1.71). The lowest rates were found in Malta (1.13), Spain (1.19) and Italy (1.24).[17]
The reasons that Italian citizens give for not having children are economic costs, fear of losing their jobs, and lack of services for families.[18]
Eurostat says that the proportion of children born to foreign mothers, including both from other EU member states and from non-EU countries, has been increasing in the EU since 2013 and stood at 21% in 2020.[17]
Religion
Over the last several centuries, religious practice has been on the decline in a process of
Despite its decline,
According to a 2003 study,
According to another survey about Religiosity in the
Ethnic groups
Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute
The largest ethnic groups are the
There are an estimated 10 million Romani people in Europe.[33]
Language
Most of the languages of Europe belong to the
Languages that are not official state languages are protected in many European countries by the
Genetic origins
Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA
Studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have suggested substantial genetic homogeneity of European populations,[36] with only a few geographic or linguistic isolates appearing to be genetic isolates as well.[37] On the other hand, analyses of the Y chromosome[38][39] and of autosomal diversity[40] have shown a general gradient of genetic similarity running from the southeast to the northwest of the continent.
Autosomal DNA
According to geneticist David Reich, based on ancient human genomes that his laboratory sequenced in 2016, Europeans formed from four West-Eurasian ancestral components in varying degrees: Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG), Neolithic Levant farmers and Neolithic Iranian farmers respectively.[42]
Population structure
A study in May 2009[43] that examined 19 populations from Europe using 270,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highlighted the genetic diversity of European populations corresponding to the northwest to southeast gradient and distinguished "several distinct regions" within Europe:
- Finland
- the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), western Russia and Poland
- Central and Western Europe
- Italy, South-Eastern Europe, Southern Russia
In this study, Fst (fixation index) was found to correlate considerably with geographic distances ranging from ≤0.0010 for neighbouring populations to 0.0230 for Southern Italy and Finland. For comparisons, pair-wise Fst of non-European samples were as follows: Europeans – Yoruba (West Africans) 0.1530; Europeans – Chinese 0.1100; Yoruba (West Africans) – Chinese 0.1900.[43]: Table S2
See also
- Area and population of European countries
- Classical demography
- Demographics of the European Union
- Ethnic groups in Europe
- European diasporas
- European Union statistics
- Migration from Latin America to Europe
- List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits
- List of urban areas of the European Union
- List of European countries by population growth rate
- List of European countries by population
- List of metropolitan areas in Europe
- Medieval demography
- Demographics of the world
- List of countries by fertility rate
Notes
.
^ c: Russia is considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. However, the population and area figures include the entire state.
^ d: Guernsey, the Isle of Man and Jersey are Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom. Other Channel Islands in the Bailiwick of Guernsey include Alderney and Sark.
^ g: Area figure for Serbia includes Kosovo, a province that unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and whose sovereign status is unclear. Population and density figures are 2010 estimates and are given without the disputed territory of Kosovo.
^ m: Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe. However, the population and area figures include the entire state. This also includes Georgian estimates for Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two regions that have declared and de facto achieved independence. The International recognition, however, is limited.
^ o: The total figures for area and population includes the whole of the transcontinental countries. The precision of these figure is compromised by the ambiguous geographical extend of Europe and the lack of references for European portions of transcontinental countries.
^ p: Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is unclear. Its population is a 2007 estimate.
^ r: Abkhazia and South Ossetia unilaterally declared their independence from Georgia on 25 August 1990 and 28 November 1991 respectively. Their sovereign status is unclear. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates respectively.
References
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- ^ "Figure 8: Population by Total Fertility (millions)" in World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2011)
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- JSTOR j.ctvh1dpc1. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link - ^ Angus Maddison, The World Economy: Historical Statistics, Statistical Appendix (2007, ggdc.net). Estimates cited are for the beginning of the 1st millennium ("year 0"), the beginning of the 2nd millennium ("year 1000"), and for the beginning each century since the 16th (years 1820 and 1913 are given for the 19th and 20th century, respectively, as Maddison presents detailed estimates for these years), and a projection for the year 2030.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy sz ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts Maddison. "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2016.
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- ^ Population in million: Albania 2.9, Belarus 9.5, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.5, Iceland 0.3, Moldova 4.1, North Macedonia 2.1, Norway 5.2, Serbia and Kosovo 8.9, Switzerland 8.3, Ukraine 44.7.
- ^ Population in million: Armenia 2.9, Georgia 4.0, Kazakhstan 17.8, Russia 144, Turkey 78.3.
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bottom-left: Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG), top-left: Eastern Hunter Gatherers (EHG), bottom-right: Neolithic Levant and Natufians, top-right: Neolithic Iran. This suggests the hypothesis that diverse ancient West Eurasians can be modelled as mixtures of as few as four streams of ancestry related to these population
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