Denmark–Netherlands relations
Denmark |
Netherlands |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Embassy of Denmark, Copenhagen | Embassy of the Netherlands, The Hague |
Denmark–Netherlands relations (
Diplomatic relations were established on 31 March 1605.[5]
History
In 1521, king Christian II of Denmark invited 184 Dutch farmers to settle on the island of Amager in exchange for supplying the Palace of Copenhagen with vegetables. The Dutch immigrants were exempt from Danish taxation and were given privileges such as being allowed to hunt most wild animals and having their own judicial system until 1823. Several names in the area and some surnames in Denmark give away the Dutch influences.[6]
The first diplomatic ties between Denmark and the Netherlands were established 31 March 1605 when Isaac Pieterszoon van Amsterdam was appointed 'commissioner of the Sound', to ensure that Dutch trade ships would return to the Netherlands. 20 years before this, in 1584, Bartholomeüs Buijs was appointed as 'agent for Holland'.[5]
War against the Netherlands 1542–1543
In 1542, war broke out between France and the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire supported Frederick II, Elector Palatine for the Danish crown, and Denmark participated in the war on the side of France. A year later, Denmark declared war on the Netherlands, at that time under Charles's rule. On 23 May 1544 the Treaty of Speyer was signed between Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire.
Torstenson War
The Torstenson War was a short period of conflict between
When the Torstenson War ended in 1645, Denmark and the Dutch Empire signed a treaty, which made Denmark and Netherlands allies.[12]
Second Northern War
In 1657, during the
Second Anglo-Dutch War
In the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Denmark participated side by side with the Dutch Empire against the Kingdom of England, from 4 March 1665 until 31 July 1667. The war ended in a Dutch victory, and the Treaty of Breda was signed.[16][17]
Third Anglo-Dutch War
The Third Anglo–Dutch War was a military conflict between England and the Dutch Republic lasting from 1672 to 1674. Denmark was allied with the Dutch Republic. It was part of the larger Franco-Dutch War. England's Royal Navy joined France in its attack on the Republic, but was frustrated in its attempts to blockade the Dutch coast by four strategic victories by Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter. An attempt to make the province of Holland an English protectorate rump state likewise failed. Parliament, fearful that the alliance with France was part of a plot to make England Roman Catholic, forced the king to abandon the costly and fruitless war.[18]
Scanian War
The Scanian War (1675–1679) was a part of the
It was a war with no definite victor; the Swedish navy lost at sea, the Danish army was defeated in Scania by the Swedes, who in turn were defeated in Northern Germany by the Brandenburgers. The war and the hostilities ended when Denmark's ally the Dutch Republic settled with Sweden's stronger ally France and the Swedish king
1900s
In the 1900s, many agreements were signed between both countries.[20][21][22][23][24][25]
World War II
Both Denmark and the Netherlands were invaded by
International conflicts
Denmark had about 700 soldiers, and the Netherlands had 1,400 soldiers in
Trade
Since the Middle Ages, the trade between Denmark and the Netherlands with cattle was a great contributor to the economies of Denmark and the Netherlands. This trade peaked in the middle of the 17th century.[32] In 2000, more than 65,000 dairy calves were exported to the Netherlands.[33]
As of 2014 export from Denmark to the Netherlands amounted to €3.4 billion, while exports to Denmark from the Netherlands amounted to €5.5 billion.[34][35] The Netherlands are Denmark's third largest import partner at 8% of imports, and its sixth largest export partner at 4.4% (2014).[36]
Business deals
- 10 Danish Vestas V90-3MW wind turbines were sold to Aruba and Netherlands Antilles in 2008.[37]
- APM Terminals operates a terminal - which opened in 2015 - at Rotterdam's Maasvlakte 2.[38]
- Energinet.dk signed for the construction of a 300 km electricity cable between the Netherlands and Denmark.[39][40]
- Great Belt Bridge[43] and opened a division in Denmark in 2014.[44] In 2015, the company won a bid worth €27 million to build a research lab at the Technical University of Denmark.[45]
Defense
Both countries are members of NATO. In August 2010, the
Embassies
The Embassy of Denmark is located in The Hague, the Netherlands. The Embassy of the Netherlands is located in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Diplomacy
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Culture
The Netherlands and Denmark possess a few striking cultural similarities. Both countries celebrate copper wedding anniversaries, which are commemorated at the 121⁄2-year mark; an anniversary not common elsewhere in the world. In addition, cycling features prominently in Denmark as it does in the Netherlands with both countries having well-developed infrastructure to support the activity.
Finally, the Dutch and the Danes are famous for their directness and assertive communication.
See also
- Foreign relations of Denmark
- Foreign relations of the Netherlands
- Capitulation in the Netherlands and Denmark
- NOGAT Pipeline System
- Danish people in the Netherlands
- Dutch people in Denmark
- Denmark–Germany relations
- Netherlands–Germany relations
- Denmark in the European Union
References
- ^ Danish embassy in The Hague Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Dutch embassy in Copenhagen". Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2016-02-18.
- ^ Order of the Elephant Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish)
- ^ Order of the Elephant Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish)
- ^ a b "Vierhonderd jaar betrekkingen met Denemarken". Nationaal Archief. 2005-03-31. Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
- ^ Paludan, Hans Aage (1925). "Een Hollandsche kolonie in Denemarken" (PDF) (in Dutch). Vol. 69. Elsevier. pp. 238–244.
{{cite magazine}}
: Cite magazine requires|magazine=
(help) - ^ History of the Norwegian People, by Knut Gjerset, The MacMillan Company, 1915, Volume II
- ^ Nordens Historie, ved Hiels Bache, Forslagsbureauet i Kjøbenhavn, 1884.
- ISBN 0-340-54644-1.
- ^ The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725, by Jill Lisk; Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1967
- ISBN 0-582-06429-5.
- ^ Farrar McDermott, Hugh (1855). Letters on the Sound-dues-question: I-VII. p. 37. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
- ISBN 87-7602-006-1.
- ISBN 9789004179165.
- ISBN 87-7602-006-1.
- ^ Michiel de Ruyter, archived from the original on 2007-05-17
- ^ Rodger, N.A.M. (2004) The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649 —1815, Penguin Group, p. 65
- JSTOR 3678740.
- ^ Krig#soeg The Scanian War 1675-79. Educational site for high schools
- ^ Provisional Convention concerning Aerial Navigation
- ^ Convention regarding the reciprocal Application of the Accident Insurance Laws of the two Countries
- ^ Agreement concerning the Telephone Service between Denmark and the Netherlands through the Lines established in German Territory
- ^ Tariff Convention
- ^ Agreement for the reciprocal Exemption from Income Tax of certain Profits accruing from the Business of Shipping
- ^ Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement regarding the Reciprocal Exemption from Income Tax of Certain Profits arising from the Operation of Aerial Navigation
- ^ Amersfoort (2005), p. 101
- ^ "Amersfoort 2005, p. 188"
- ^ Danish troops die in Afghanistan
- ^ Dutch military mission to Afghanistan ends
- ^ Dutch military mission to Iraq
- ^ "Denmark and the Netherlands Offer Police Personnel to Gaza". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ISBN 978-0-8214-1884-0. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ Cattles to Holland
- ^ "Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer volgens SITC-indeling naar landen". CBS.
- ^ "Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer volgens SITC-indeling naar landen". CBS.
- CIA. 2014. Archived from the originalon April 3, 2015.
- ^ "Vestas receives order for 10 V90-3.0 MW turbines in Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ "APM Terminals Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 2018-08-17. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
- ^ "Groen licht voor 300 km lange 'groene' zeekabel tussen Nederland en Denemarken". 2014-09-10.
- energinet.dk. 2015-06-10. Archived from the originalon 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ "Quantum link between QDev in Denmark and QuTech in Holland". QDev. 2015-03-17.
- ^ "Delft and Copenhagen join forces to create quantum computer". 2015-03-17. Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
- ^ "Oostbrug over de Grote Belt, Denemarken" (PDF). BAM Civiel b.v.
- ^ "BAM oriënteert zich met BAM Danmark op Deense utiliteitsbouwmarkt". Royal BAM Group. 2014-04-04.
- ^ "BAM opnieuw succesvol in Denemarken". BAM Denmark A/S. 2015-01-20.
- ^ "Exercise in Denmark starting signal for NATO naval task force". Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2011-01-05.