Dentalium (genus)
Dentalium Temporal range:
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Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Scaphopoda |
Order: | Dentaliida |
Family: | Dentaliidae |
Genus: | Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758 |
Species | |
50, see text | |
Synonyms | |
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Dentalium is a large
Etymology
The scientific name of this genus comes from the Latin word dentis, meaning tooth, based on the tooth or tusk-shaped form of these molluscs.
Description
The mantle of Dentalium species is entirely within the shell. The foot extends from the larger end of the shell, and is used to burrow through the substrate. They position their head down in the substrate, with the apical end of the shell (at the rear of the animal's body) projecting up into the water. These molluscs live on
The shells are conical and curved in a planispiral way, and they are usually whitish in color. Because of these characteristics, the shell somewhat resembles a miniature elephant's tusk. They are hollow and open at both ends; the opening at the larger end is the main or anterior aperture of the shell. The smaller opening is known as the apical aperture.
Human use
South Asia
At
Excavations conducted by Jean-François Jarrige have described 'Exceptional grave deposits of Dentalium headbands found on the heads of several females...In Burial 274, the headband was made of woven rows of small dentalium and closed by two straps used as a clasp'.[4]
Native Americans
The shells of
New Zealand
Māori traditionally used Dentalium shells for decorative purposes, such as rings and necklaces. Most artefacts have been found around the Coromandel Peninsula, and typically earlier artefacts during the Archaic Period (1300–1500) are Dentalium solidum, while later shells are Dentalium nanum.[6][7]
18th-century European use
In pre-modern medicine, these shells were considered an excellent
Species
Species within the genus Dentalium include:[8][9][10]
- Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859
- Dentalium adenense Ludbrook, 1954
- Dentalium agassizi Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897 Stained tuskshell
- Dentalium americanum Chenu, 1843 American tuskshell
- D'Orbigny, 1842
- Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1766
- Dentalium bartletti Henderson, 1920
- Dall, 1889
- Dall, 1889
- Dall, 1889
- Dall, 1889
- Dall, 1881)
- Dentalium circumcinctum Watson, 1879
- Dentalium cheverti Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897
- Dentalium clavus A. H. Cooke, 1885
- Dentalium collinsae Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium congoense Plate, 1908
- Dentalium cookei Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897
- Dentalium crosnieri Scarabino, 1995
- Dentalium curtum G. B. Sowerby II, 1860
- Dentalium dalli Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897
- Dentalium debitusae Scarabino, 2008
- Dentalium dentale Linnaeus, 1766 European tusk
- Dentalium didymum Watson, 1879
- Dentalium eboreum Conrad, 1846 Ivory tusk
- Dentalium ecostatum T W Kirk, 1880
- Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 - Elephant tusk
- Dentalium ensiculus Jeffereys, 1877
- Dentalium entale entale (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dentalium entale stimpsoni (Henderson, 1920)
- Dentalium entale Linnaeus, 1758
- Dentalium floridense J. B. Henderson, 1920
- Dentalium formosum Adams & Reeve, 1850 Formosan tusk
- Dentalium glaucarena Dell, 1953
- Dall, 1889 Gould tuskshell
- Dentalium grahami Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004
- Dentalium hedleyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium hillae Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium humboldti Sahlmann & van der Beek, 2016
- Dentalium inversum Deshayes, 1825
- Dentalium laqueatum A. E. Verrill, 1885 Reticulate tuskshell
- Dentalium liodon Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897
- Dentalium longitrorsum Reeve, 1842 Elongate tusk
- Dentalium magellanicum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897
- Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889
- Dentalium malekulaense Scarabino, 2008
- Dentalium meridionale Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897
- Dentalium nanum Hutton, 1873
- Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp and Pilsbry, 1897 Hexagon tuskshell
- Dentalium occidentale Stimpson, 1851
- Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 Octagonal tusk
- Dentalium oerstedii Mörch, 1861
- Dall, 1881
- Dentalium oryx Boissevain, 1906
- Dall, 1881
- Dentalium peitaihoense S. G. King & Ping, 1935
- Dentalium pilsbryi Rehder, 1942
- Dentalium pluricostatum Boissevain, 1906
- Dentalium poindimiense Scarabino, 2008
- Dentalium potteri Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium pretiosum Sowerby, 1860 Indian-money tusk
- Dentalium rebeccaense Henderson, 1920
- Carpenter, 1864
- Dentalium semistriolatum Guilding, 1834 Half-scratched tusk
- Dentalium senegalense Dautzenberg, 1891 Senegal tusk
- Dentalium sowerbyi Guilding, 1834
- Dentalium stenochizum Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897
- Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859
- Dentalium stumkatae Lamprell & Healy, 1998
- Dentalium suteri Emerson, 1954
- Dall, 1889
- Dentalium texasianum Philippi, 1848
- Dentalium tiwhana Dell, 1953
- Dentalium tubulatum Henderson, 1920
- Dentalium vallicolens Raymond, 1904 Trench tuskshell
- Dentalium vernedei Sowerby, 1860l Vernede's tusk
- Sars, 1851
- Dentalium vulgare da Costa, 1778 Common tusk
- Dentalium zelandicum Sowerby, 1860 New Zealand tusk
- Species brought into synonymy
- Dentalium diarrhox Watson, 1879: synonym of Antalis diarrhox (R. B. Watson, 1879)
Extinct species
Extinct species within the genus Dentalium include:[11]
- †Dentalium akasakensis Hayasaka 1925
- †Dentalium alazanum Cooke 1928
- †Dentalium angsananum Martin 1922
- †Dentalium aratum Tate 1887
- †Dentalium arcotinum Forbes 1846
- †Dentalium atratum Tate 1887
- †Dentalium attenuatum Say 1824
- †Dentalium badense Partsch, 1856
- †Dentalium bifrons Tate 1887
- †Dentalium bocasense Olsson 1922
- †Dentalium caduloide Dall 1892
- †Dentalium cannaliculatum Klipstein 1843
- †Dentalium cossmannianum Pilsbry and Sharp 1897
- †Dentalium danai Meyer 1885
- †Dentalium decoratum Münster 1841
- †Dentalium denotatum Ludbrook 1956
- †Dentalium giganteum Sowerby 1846
- †Dentalium gonatodes Martin 1885
- †Dentalium hamatum Forbes 1846
- †Dentalium hanguense Cox 1930
- †Dentalium hecetaensis Rohr et al. 2006
- †Dentalium inaequale Bronn 1831
- †Dentalium indianum Girty 1911
- †Dentalium junghuhni Martin 1879
- †Dentalium kansasense Gentile 1974
- †Dentalium klipsteini Kittl 1891
- †Dentalium latisulcatum Tate 1899
- †Dentalium lombardicum Kittl 1899
- †Dentalium mancorens Olsson 1930
- †Dentalium microstria Heilprin 1880
- †Dentalium montense Briart and Cornet 1889
- †Dentalium moreanum d'Orbigny 1845
- †Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp and Pilsbry 1897
- †Dentalium neornatum Hayasaka 1925
- †Dentalium ovale Cooke 1928
- †Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry and Sharp 1898
- †Dentalium rimosum Bose 1906
- †Dentalium rugiferum von Koenen 1885
- †Dentalium sandbergeri Cossmann and Lambert 1884
- †Dentalium schencki Moore 1963
- †Dentalium sexangulum (Gmelin, 1790)
- †Dentalium simile Münster 1841
- †Dentalium solidum Hutton 1873
- †Dentalium sorbii King 1850
- †Dentalium speyeri Geinitz 1852
- †Dentalium sundkrogensis Schnetler 2001
- †Dentalium tenuistriatum Martin 1879
- †Dentalium tornatissimum Tate 1899
- †Dentalium triquetrum Tate 1887
- †Dentalium yasilum Olsson 1930
Fossils in the genus Dentalium are geographically widespread. This genus is very ancient, going back up to the Silurian period (age range: from 422.9 to 0.0 million years ago). It is especially represented in Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene fossils.[11]
Gallery
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Fossil of Dentalium sexangulum. Pliocene
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Fossil of Dentalium badense. Miocene
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Fossils of Dentalium species. Pliocene
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Top: Dentalium entale. Bottom: Dentalium vulgare
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Fossils of Dentalium sp. (Pliocene) founded in Huelva
References
- ^ "dentalium". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137886 on 2020-10-19
- ^ "Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh". UNESCO. 2004-01-30.
- ISBN 978-93-8622-898-7.
- ^ Hogan, 2008
- Wikidata Q58677384.
- ^ Leach, B. F. (1977). Dentalium shell in New Zealand archaeological sites. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 7(4), 473-483.
- ^ Catalogue of life
- ^ ITIS
- ^ Animal Diversity
- ^ a b Paleobiology Database
- Habe, T. (1963). A classification of the scaphopod mollusks found in Japan and adjacent areas. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo. 6(3): 252–281, pls 37–38.
- Scarabino V., (1995) Scaphopoda of the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, with description of 3 new genera and 42 new species P. Bouchet (ed) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 14 Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 167 189-379.
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Blain". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.[dubious ]
External links
- Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070811162831/http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/zoosyst/z01n3a4.pdf