Cedrus deodara
Deodar cedar | |
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Adult trees in Himachal Pradesh, India | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Gymnospermae |
Division: | Pinophyta |
Class: | Pinopsida |
Order: | Pinales |
Family: | Pinaceae |
Genus: | Cedrus |
Species: | C. deodara
|
Binomial name | |
Cedrus deodara |
Cedrus deodara, the deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, or deodar,[2] is a species of cedar native to the Himalayas.
Description
It is a large evergreen coniferous tree reaching 40–50 metres (131–164 feet) tall, exceptionally 60 m (197 ft) with a trunk up to 3 m (10 ft) in diameter. It has a conic crown with level branches and drooping branchlets.[3]
The
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Young tree in India
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Older tree in India
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Trunk
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Close-up of leaves
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Leaves and female cone
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Top view of cone
Chemistry
The bark of Cedrus deodara contains large amounts of
Etymology
The botanical name, which is also the English common name, is derived from the Sanskrit term devadāru, which means "wood of the gods", a compound of deva "god" and dāru "wood and tree".[11][12]
Distribution and habitat
The species natively occurs in East-Afghanistan, South Western Tibet, Western Nepal, Northern Pakistan, and North-Central India.[13][1]
It grows at altitudes of 1,500–3,200 m (5,000–10,000 ft).
Reproduction
“Deodar is a wind-pollinated monoecious species”.[14]
Cultivation
It is widely grown as an
The most cold-tolerant trees originate in the northwest of the species' range in
C. deodara[19] and the three cultivars 'Feelin' Blue',[20] 'Pendula'[21] and 'Aurea'[22] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2021).[23]
Uses
Construction material
Deodar is in great demand as building material because of its durability, rot-resistant character and fine, close grain, which is capable of taking a high polish. Its historical use to construct religious temples and in landscaping around temples is well recorded. Its rot-resistant character also makes it an ideal wood for constructing the well-known
Herbal Ayurveda
C. deodara is used in
The inner wood is aromatic and used to make incense. Inner wood is distilled into essential oil. As insects avoid this tree, the essential oil is used as insect repellent on the feet of horses, cattle and camels. It also has antifungal properties and has some potential for control of fungal deterioration of spices during storage.[citation needed] The outer bark and stem are astringent.[25]
Because of its antifungal and insect repellent properties, rooms made of deodar cedar wood are used to store meat and food grains like oats and wheat in Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
Cedar oil is often used for its aromatic properties, especially in aromatherapy. It has a characteristic woody odor which may change somewhat in the course of drying out. The crude oils are often yellowish or darker in color. Its applications include soap perfumes, household sprays, floor polishes, and insecticides, and is also used in microscope work as a clearing oil.[25]
Incense
The gum of the tree is used to make rope incense in Nepal and Tibet.[26]
Culture
Among
In the stands of Lodhra trees,[28] Padmaka trees [29] and in the woods of Devadaru, or Deodar trees, Ravana is to be searched there and there, together with Sita. [4-43-13]
The deodar is the national tree of Pakistan,[30] and the state tree of Himachal Pradesh, India.
Under the Deodars was an 1889 short story collection by Rudyard Kipling.[31]
The 1902 musical A Country Girl featured a song called "Under the Deodar."[32]
See also
References
- ^ . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Cedrus deodara". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-87429-298-6.[page needed]
- S2CID 97003177.
- .
- .
- PMID 22757704.
- .
- .
- PMID 11600001.
- ISSN 0367-326X.
- ^ Mehta, Devanssh (2012-01-01). "An insight into traditional system of medicine".
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - PMID 21182918.
- ^ Sharma, C. M., & Khanduri, V. P. (2011). Pollen cone characteristics, pollen yield and pollen-mediated gene flow in Cedrus deodara. Current Science (Bangalore), 102(3), 394–397
- ^ a b Ødum, S. (1985). Report on frost damage to trees in Denmark after the severe 1981/82 and 1984/85 winters. Denmark: Hørsholm Arboretum.[page needed]
- ^ "Trees Near Their Limits".
- ^ ISBN 978-0-900513-09-1.
- ISBN 978-3-489-62622-0.[page needed]
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus deodar". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus deodara 'Feelin' Blue'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus deodara 'Pendula'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus deodara 'Aurea'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. December 2020. pp. 18, 19. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ a b c McGowan, Chris (March 5, 2008). "The Deodar Tree: the Himalayan 'Tree of God'".
- ^ ISBN 92-5-103648-9. Archived from the originalon 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
- ^ "Valmiki Ramayana - Kishkindha Kanda". www.valmikiramayan.net.
- Symplocos racemosa
- Wild Himalayan Cherry
- ^ "Pakistan". Archived from the original on 2016-11-28.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Kipling, Rudyard (September 1, 2001). "Under the Deodars" – via Project Gutenberg.
- ^ "Shazam". Shazam.