Dermanyssus gallinae
Dermanyssus gallinae | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Mesostigmata |
Family: | Dermanyssidae |
Genus: | Dermanyssus |
Species: | D. gallinae
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Binomial name | |
Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778)
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Dermanyssus gallinae | |
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Other names | Red mite, bird mite, poultry mite, red poultry mite, roost mite, chicken mite, pigeon mite |
infectious disease |
Dermanyssus gallinae (also known as the red mite) is a
Description
Dermanyssus gallinae is an obligate
Infestation in hens
Signs and symptoms
The mites normally feed around the breast and legs of hens, causing pain, irritation, and a decrease in egg production.
If they are present in large numbers, D. gallinae can cause anemia in hens[10] which presents as pallor of the comb and wattle.
Diagnosis
A presumptive diagnosis can be made in flocks of laying hens, usually based on a history of decreasing egg production, anaemia and mortalities in young or ill birds. Blood spots on eggs indicate infestation within the cloaca of an affected hen. Definitive diagnosis is only achieved following identification of eggs, feces or the mites themselves.
Prevention
There are several methods for preventing infestation in hen houses including:
- Heating the henhouse to temperatures above 55 °C (131 °F).
- Regular washing down of the housing system.
- Treatment of the walls and floors with silica dust or carbolineum prior to introduction of the new hens.[13]
Treatment
Predatory mites such as
Exposing mites to carbon dioxide using dry ice and direct-spraying has been proposed as a novel treatment.[21]
Vaccines are currently under active development for the treatment of poultry, which seek to "stimulate a protective response" in the birds and increase D. gallinae mortality.[22]
Some plant
Infestation in humans
In humans, D. gallinae infestations are known as gamasoidosis or dermanyssosis.
Prevention of infestation in human habitation consists of eliminating potential vectors such as destroying pigeon and sparrow nests
Elimination of an infestation in a human habitation is best achieved through a combination of eliminating potential vectors (nesting pigeons, backyard poultry, etc.); reducing potential hiding places (rugs, clutter); judicious use of pesticides; consistent use of dehumidifiers to maintain a low humidity environment; maintaining a low temperature in the environment; frequent thorough cleaning; minimizing the amount of time spent in the home; and maintaining excellent hygiene.[29][30]
Infestation in other animals
Dermanyssus gallinae will also feed on mammals, including cats, dogs, rodents, rabbits, horses.[4] Infestation by D. gallinae is rare in cats and dogs; usually the extremities and the back are bitten, causing itching.[31]
Gallery
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Immature form Nymph I of Dermanyssus gallinae by A.C. Oudemans
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Immature form Nymph II of Dermanyssus gallinae by A.C. Oudemans
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Male Dermanyssus gallinae by A.C. Oudemans
See also
References
- PMID 16820136.
- ^ PMID 35057849.
- ^ PMID 24397522.
- ^ PMID 25884317.
- JSTOR 1587499.
- ^ PMID 30612297.
- ISSN 1744-7348.
- ISBN 9781845697549.
- S2CID 22213397.
- ^ S2CID 12646759.
- 'S2CID 24997699.
- PMID 10071495.
- S2CID 5309397.
- PMID 9823064.
- ^ .
- PMID 20655147.
- ^ PMID 29197422.
- PMID 31300011.
- PMID 3564341.
- PMID 22773110.
- PMID 32233140.
- PMID 19501789.
- ^ ISBN 9780323319690.
- PMID 13595207.
- ISBN 9780723436652.
- S2CID 21453929.
- S2CID 205985989.
- PMID 25109514.
- ^ "Bird mites - prevention and treatment". www.sahealth.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
- PMID 31264450.
- ISBN 9781444309324.
External links
Media related to Dermanyssus gallinae at Wikimedia Commons
- Red Mite Guide on poultrykeeper.com, A comprehensive guide to identifying and controlling red mite, including life cycle diagram, photos and FAQs.
- Red Mite Page on keeping-chickens.me.uk, Photographs of typical red mite infestations including macro photograph in backyard poultry coops
- Red Mite infestation in houses Infestation is not limited to chicken coops.
- Red Mite Information on Accidental Smallholder and close up photos for smallholders and backyard chicken keepers.
- Dermanyssus gallinae, at WikiVet
- Red Mite Treatment. Information on products being used by back garden poultry fanciers to control Red Mites.