Shenyang
Shenyang
沈阳市 | ||
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License plate prefixes 辽A | | |
Climate | Dwa | |
Website | www | |
Symbols | ||
Flower | Rosa rugosa | |
Tree | Pinus tabuliformis |
Shenyang | ||||||||
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Hanyu Pinyin ⓘ | | |||||||
Literal meaning | north bank of the Shen River | |||||||
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Manchu name | ||||||||
Manchu script | ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ/ᠮᡠᡴ᠋ᡩᡝᠨ | |||||||
Romanization | simiyan/mukden |
Shenyang,.
Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of the
Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China,
Name
Shenyang literally means "the yang side of the Shen River" and refers to the location of the Hun River (formerly called the Shen River, 瀋水; Shěn Shuǐ), on the southern side of the city. According to Chinese naming tradition, a river's north bank and a mountain's south slope are angled more towards direct sunlight and thus are considered the "sunny", or "yang", side.[12]
History
Early history
Archaeological findings show that humans resided in present-day Shenyang as early as 8,000 years ago. The remains of the
The city now known as Shenyang was first established in about
In 916, the Shenyang region was captured by the Liao dynasty and was known as Shen Prefecture (瀋州; Shěn Zhōu) until the end of Jin dynasty (who conquered the region in 1116). The area became known as the Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路; Shěnyáng Lù) during the Yuan dynasty.[15] After the fall of the Yuan, Shenyang came under the control of the Ming dynasty, and it was designated a "guard town" (militarized settlement) named Shenyang Central Guard (瀋陽中衛; Shěnyáng Zhōngwèi). During the Ming Dynasty, Shenyang became one of the most important Chinese military strongholds beyond the Shanhai Pass.
Manchu period
In 1625, the Jurchen leader
After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644 and the routing of the Shun army in the Battle of Shanhai Pass just a day later, the Manchus successfully entered the Shanhai Pass to establish the Qing dynasty in China proper. The capital was subsequently relocated from Shenyang to Beijing. However, Shenyang retained considerable importance as the secondary capital and spiritual home of the Qing dynasty through the centuries.[16] Treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture (奉天府; Fèngtiān Fǔ; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡶᡠ, Möllendorff: abkai imiyangga fu, Abkai: abkai imiyangga fu or Manchu: ᡶᡠᠩ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ, Möllendorff: fung tiyian, Abkai: fung tiyian) was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian (lit. 'mandated by Heaven') was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden.[17]
Russian and Japanese influence
After the
During the
Warlord Era and Japanese occupation
In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang,[25] but continued to be known as Mukden (sometimes spelled Moukden) in some English sources and in Japan through much of the first half of 20th century. The postmark of the Chinese postal administration kept the spelling "MOUKDEN/奉天" for usage on international mails until the late 1920s. After that, a Chinese–Manchurian bilingual type "SHENYANG (MUKDEN)/瀋陽 (奉天)" datestamp was used until 1933.
In the early 20th century, Shenyang began expanding out of its old city walls. The
At around 10:20 pm on 18 September 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese
Post-World War II
Under Marshal of the Soviet Union Aleksandr Vasilevsky, the Far East Command[38] of the Red Army occupied Manchuria in early August 1945 following the surrender of Japan.[39] On 16 August 1945, Manchurian Emperor Puyi was captured in Shenyang Airport by the Soviets while he was in an airplane fleeing to Japan.[40] On 20 August, Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized the people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by Soviet occupation authorities from "three days of rape and pillage".[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
The Soviets were replaced by the
Over the past 200 years or so, Shenyang managed to grow and increase its industrial might during consecutive wars with
21st century
Directed by state efforts to reduce pollution and close unprofitable industry, the city has undergone deindustrialization, with the shutdown of large plants.[54][55] Most notably, a large 1930s smelter in the central city was closed in 2000.[56][57] The redevelopment of former polluted industrial land has resulted in gentrification.[58]
Old City
The old city of Shenyang resided almost entirely within the modern day
Situated roughly within the area bounded by the four "Shuncheng" (顺城; 'along the city') roads/streets in Shenhe District, the (now-demolished) square-shaped inner city wall marked the bounds of ancient Shenyang. The earliest wall was built in 926 during early
This Ming wall was heavily damaged in 1625 when the Manchus laid siege and captured the city, with only the north wall and
The outer city wall, called the "peripheral wall" (邊牆; Biān Qiáng) or "pass wall" (關牆; Guān Qiáng), was actually a rammed earth rampart built in 1680 to expand the urban area outside the inner city. It was almost round in shape, standing at a height of 7.5 chi (around 2.7 metres or 8 feet 10.3 inches) and an overall length of 32 li and 24 bu (about 20.7 kilometres or 12.9 miles), and also had eight towerless gates known as the "peripheral gates" (邊門; Biān Mén). The corresponding inner and outer gates were linked by roads that intersected within the inner city in a "#" pattern around the Mukden Palace.
Nearly all of these city walls and gates were demolished after 1949. Two gates and one corner tower of the inner wall were rebuilt during the 1990s. There had, however, been proposals to rebuild the other gates and towers in preparation to the 12th National Games in 2013.
Around 2.5 km (1.6 mi) outside Shenyang's former outer wall, there were four pagodas each located within an associated Tibetan Buddhist temple, namely the East Pagoda in Yongguang Temple (永光寺), the South Pagoda in Guangci Temple (廣慈寺), the West Pagoda in Yanshou Temple (延壽寺) and the North Pagoda in Falun Temple (法輪寺). They were built in 1643 and completed in 1645. The four pagodas are identical white Buddha-stupas as tall as 26 m (85 ft). Nowadays only the temple for the North Pagoda is well preserved, the East and South has only the pagodas left, and the temple for the West Pagoda was rebuilt in 1998.
Both the Temple of Heaven and Temple of Earth were also to be found in the old city during the Qing dynasty. They were smaller replicas of Beijing's counterparts. Neither exists today.
Geography
Shenyang ranges in latitude from 41° 11' to 43° 02' N and in longitude from 122° 25' to 123° 48' E, and is located in the central part of Liaoning province. The western parts of the city's administrative area are located on the
The city's main urban area is located to the north of
Environment
Shenyang has many
According to the Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau, winter usage of coal by
Climate
Shenyang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shenyang has a
Climate data for Shenyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
38.4 (101.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
39.3 (102.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
14.5 (58.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
8.6 (47.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.0 (1.4) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
3.1 (37.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −33.1 (−27.6) |
−28.4 (−19.1) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
3.9 (39.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−30.2 (−22.4) |
−33.1 (−27.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.0 (0.24) |
9.7 (0.38) |
16.7 (0.66) |
35.2 (1.39) |
63.6 (2.50) |
92.5 (3.64) |
167.0 (6.57) |
167.1 (6.58) |
50.8 (2.00) |
44.1 (1.74) |
22.8 (0.90) |
12.0 (0.47) |
687.5 (27.07) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 86.1 |
Average snowy days | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 25.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
63 | 57 | 52 | 49 | 54 | 67 | 77 | 79 | 72 | 66 | 63 | 64 | 64 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 172.4 | 192.0 | 227.3 | 228.7 | 250.3 | 218.4 | 191.8 | 204.3 | 219.9 | 204.8 | 158.5 | 153.0 | 2,421.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 64 | 61 | 57 | 55 | 48 | 42 | 48 | 59 | 60 | 54 | 54 | 55 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[68][69][65] all-time extreme temperature[67] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
Administrative divisions
Shenyang's metropolitan area traditionally consisted of the 5 small inner urban districts, surrounded by 4 larger outer suburban districts, and accompanied by 4 rural counties on the north and west sides. In general,
Out of the rural counties, the Xinmin County was upgraded to a county-level city in 1993, and the Liaozhong County was incorporated into a new suburban district in 2016 as part of the provincial/national development plan.
As a result, Shenyang now officially has direct jurisdiction over 10
Map | ||||||
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Heping Shenhe Dadong Huanggu Tiexi Sujiatun Hunnan Yuhong ※ ※ | ||||||
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2014) |
Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
City proper | ||||||
Shenhe District
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沈河区 | Shěnhé Qū | 716,417 | 60 | 12,037 | |
Heping District
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和平区 | Hépíng Qū | 645,399 | 59 | 10,849 | |
Dadong District
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大东区 | Dàdōng Qū | 689,576 | 100 | 6,887 | |
Huanggu District
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皇姑区 | Huánggū Qū | 817,288 | 66 | 12,349 | |
Tiexi District
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铁西区 | Tiěxī Qū | 907,091 | 286 | 3,171 | |
Suburban | ||||||
Hunnan District
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浑南区 | Húnnán Qū | 324,074 | 734 | 442 | |
Sujiatun District
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苏家屯区 | Sūjiātún Qū | 428,859 | 782 | 548 | |
Shenbei New Area | 沈北新区 | Shěnběi Xīnqū | 320,370 | 884 | 362 | |
Yuhong District
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于洪区 | Yúhóng Qū | 435,333 | 499 | 872 | |
Liaozhong District | 辽中区 | Liáozhōng Qū | 532,900 | 1,645 | 324 | |
Satellite city | ||||||
Xinmin City | 新民市 | Xīnmín Shì | 690,703 | 3,297 | 210 | |
Rural | ||||||
Kangping County | 康平县 | Kāngpíng Xiàn | 352,434 | 2,167 | 163 | |
Faku County | 法库县 | Fǎkù Xiàn | 447,952 | 2,281 | 196 |
Districts
Shenhe District
The Shenhe District (沈河区; 'Shen River district') is a part of the downtown and was also the most developed district in Shenyang. Until 2015, it held the
Shenhe District is the site of the
Shenhe District is also home to Northeast China's main
Heping District
The Heping District (和平区; 'peace district') is located in the
The district, better known as the downtown, sprung up around
Heping District is also the core area for many political institutions in the Northeast, including
Dadong District
The Dadong District (大东区; 'great east district') is an industrial zone and used to be the largest of the inner city districts. Its name derives from the fact that the district started off as the residential area immediately outside the old inner city wall's Fujin Gate (撫近門), which is also called Great East Gate (大東門). It has an area of 100 km2 (39 sq mi)[72] and a population of 689,576 (2014).[73]
The district contains popular tourist landmarks such as the
Huanggu District
The Huanggu District (皇姑区; 'royal aunt district') is named after
The district is the site of
Tiexi District
The Tiexi District (铁西区; 'railway's west district') is the most populous district and makes up the western part of the inner city, west of the
The district is featured in a 9-hour epic documentary film
Hunnan District
The Hunnan District (浑南区; 'South of Hun River'), was formerly called the Dongling District (东陵区; '
Hunnan District hosts the city's only operational commercial airport, the
Launched in 1988 as the Shenyang National New and High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and elevated to a national-level zone in 1991, the Hunnan New Area (浑南新区) focuses on electronic and information technology products such as software, computers, network systems, communication equipment and audio/visual equipment; advanced manufacturing technologies, especially for automobiles, medical equipment; advanced materials and biological and pharmaceutical products. The zone has hosted more than 5,700 enterprises, including 700 foreign-invested enterprises. [
Sujiatun District
The Sujiatun District (苏家屯区; '
to the southwest.Shenbei New District
The Shenbei New District (沈北新区; 'Shenyang's north new district'), formerly Xinchengzi District (新城子区; 'new town district'), is a new development zone and forms the majority of the northern suburbs. It has an area of 884 km2 (341 sq mi)
Yuhong District
The Yuhong District (于洪区; '
The large southwestern part of the neighbouring Tiexi District also used to belong to Yuhong District, but in May 2002, the southwestern part of Yuhong District was ceded on order of the city government to establish the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the administration of the region was later transferred to Tiexi District instead. This annexation of land left an
Liaozhong District
The Liaozhong District (辽中区; 'Liaoning's center district', referring to its central location within the province) is the newest and largest suburban district. Formerly the Liaozhong County (辽中县), its rural county status was made defunct in January 2016, and formally instated as a suburban city district on April 11, 2016. It lies 67 km (42 mi) southwest of downtown Shenyang, near the intersection of G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway and G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway. As of 2014[update], it had a population of 532,900[73] residing in an area of 1,645 km2 (635 sq mi).[72] It is the most southwestern part of Shenyang City, bordering Xinmin City to the north, and Tiexi District to the northeast, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Liaoyang to the southeast, Anshan to the south and southwest, and Jinzhou to the west.
Satellite city
Xinmin City
The Xinmin City (新民市; 'new residents city'), formerly Xinmin County (新民县) before 1993, is a
Xinmin has one of the leading
Rural counties
Faku County
The Faku County (法库县) lies 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of urban Shenyang, and has an area of 2,281 square kilometres (881 square miles) with a population of 447,952 (2014). The county's name is reportedly a phonetic transliteration of the Manchu word for
Kangping County
The Kangping County (康平县; 'prosperous and peaceful county') is the northernmost and most remote part of the Greater Shenyang area, and has an area of 2,167 km2 (837 sq mi) with a population of 352,434 (2014). It was historically first established in 1880 under the blessing of the
Demographics
Shenyang has a population of 8.1 million and its urban population is 5.74 million. Ethnically and culturally diverse, Shenyang has 38 of China's 56 recognized
Shenyang has numerous
Economy
Shenyang is an important industrial center in China and is the core city of the Shenyang Economic Zone, a New Special Reform Zone. It has been focused on heavy industry, particularly aerospace, machine tools, heavy equipment and defence, and recently on software, automotive and electronics.
The services sector—especially banking—has been developing in Shenyang. Shenyang has several foreign banks, such as South Korea's
The city has been identified by the
Shenyang has three development zones:
- Shenyang Finance and Trade Development Zone
- Shenyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone
- Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone
Numerous major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang.
The
Transportation
As the transport hub of Northeast China, Shenyang is served by air, rail, a currently two-line subway system and an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus service throughout the city.[97] Terminal 3 at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport is the largest terminal in the northeast China.[98] A new tram network system was built in the city's south in 2013.
Rail
Shenyang is the
Shenyang has two major railway stations: the
The Shenyang North Railway Station (
The Shenyang Railway Station (
Since 2011, a daily direct
Road
In the
In addition to the grid streets, Shenyang also was developing several
Shenyang is connected to the other regions by several major expressways in radial pattern. The
Airport
The city is served by the
There are three other airports in Shenyang, none of them open to public. The East Pagoda Airport (东塔机场) in Dadong District is the oldest airport in Shenyang, opened in 1920s and retired in the 1980s,
Public transport
In Shenyang, there are more than 160 bus routes.
Shenyang has been planning an underground rapid transit system since 1940, but was unable to materialize the idea due to the city's geology and engineering limitations.[113] On November 18, 2005, the construction of the first Shenyang Metro line began[114] and the construction of the second line started on November 18, 2006. The first (east–west) line was opened September 27, 2010, and the second (north–south) was opened on January 9, 2012. in 2023, the second line, running north to south, extended its southern portion to connect with the Shenyang Taoxian International airport. As of 2023, there are 5 running lines, with the latest of which (line 4) opening on September 29, 2023. Construction is difficult due to the granite-rich bedrock on which the city is built.
Healthcare
Shenyang has 731 medical and healthcare centers, 63,000 healthcare staff and 3.02 healthcare worker per 1,000 people. There are 34,033 hospital beds and 45,680 various kinds of medical and technical personnel, among whom there are 17,346 licensed doctors, 1,909 assistant licensed doctors, and 16887 certified nurses.[115] The average expected life-span of the people in Shenyang is 73.8 years.
The
Shenyang is home to China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University 1st, 2nd (renamed Shengjing Hospital in 2003)[117] and 4th Affiliated Hospital, 202 Hospital, Liaoning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang No.7 People's Hospital, Shenyang Orthopaedics Hospital, Shenyang Army General Hospital, North Hospital, and various other hospitals and clinics.
Military
Shenyang hosts the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army's Northern Theater Command (formerly the Shenyang Military Region) and garrisons its air force divisions.
Shenyang is also famous for its defense industries, with the
engines.In 2014, South Korea and China agreed to repatriate the remains of 400 People's Volunteer Army soldiers killed during the Korean War, which had been buried in Paju, and scheduled to be reburied in a state military cemetery in Shenyang.[118]
Culture
Shenyang dialect
People native to Shenyang speak the
Art
Two northeast folk dances, Errenzhuan and Yangge, are very popular in Shenyang.[122][123] The Big Stage Theatre (大舞台剧场) near Middle Street is famous for its Errenzhuan and Chinese comedy skit performances by Zhao Benshan and his students. Due to the popularity enjoyed by many Shenyang-based comedians, the city is nationally recognized as a stronghold of Chinese comedy.
Shenyang is home of many performance art organizations, such as Shenyang Acrobatic Troupe of China, Liaoning Song and Dance Ensemble, and Liaoning Ballet.[124] Many artists are from Shenyang, such as Zimei, Na Ying and the pianist Lang Lang.
Museums
- Liaoning Provincial Museum (辽宁省博物馆), the largest museum in Northeast China. The museum hold many ancient relics and artefacts, including a selection of inscriptions in Chinese and Khitan that are some of the earliest known forms of writing.
- Shenyang Steam Locomotive Museum (沈阳蒸汽机车博物馆), with 16 steam engines from America, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia and China.
- 9.18 Historical Museum (九·一八历史博物馆), a museum in memory of the Mukden Incident on September 18, 1931. The museum is in the shape of an opened calendar, and is located on the site where the Japanese troops destroyed the South Manchuria Railway, the prelude to the invasion of Manchuria.
- Xinle Relic (新乐遗址), located on the location where the Xinle civilisation was first discovered, containing a reconstructed Xinle settlement and housing artefacts discovered there.
Sports
Shenyang is famous for its
Shenyang also has one of the five full-length (400 m) speed skating rink in China, the Bayi Speed Skating Arena (八一速滑馆).
Shenyang Sport University[126] is a professional sports university, and acts as the training base for winter sports in China and has many Olympic champions[citation needed].
Religion
The Shenyang city government legally recognizes five religious beliefs—
Famous religious sites include:
Buddhism
- Chang'an Temple (长安寺), a Zen Buddhism temple, first built during the Tang dynasty
- Bore Temple (般若寺), built during the Qing dynasty
- Ci'en Temple (慈恩寺), a Pure Land Buddhism temple,
- Wugoujingguang Śarīra Pagoda (无垢净光舍利塔), a 33-m-high Buddhist pagoda erected in 1044 during the Liao dynasty
- Shisheng Temple (实胜寺), once known as Imperial Temple (皇寺), a Qingroyal family
- The East Pagoda (东塔), North Pagoda (北塔), West Pagoda (西塔) and South Pagoda (南塔), collectively known as the "Four Pagodas of Early Qing" (清初四塔; Qīngchū Sì Tǎ) are four white Tibetan Buddhist pagodas built by Hong Taijiin 1639.
Taoism
- Taiqing Palace (太清宫), built in 1663
- Pengying Palace (蓬瀛宫), the only female Taoist temple in Northeast China, built in 1994
- Doumu Palace (斗姆宫), formerly the second largest Taoist temple in Shenyang
Christianity
- Roman Catholiccathedral
- Dongguan Church (东关教会), one of the largest and oldest Protestant churches in Northeast China, also known as the cradle of Christianity of the Koreans in China and in the Korean Peninsula
- Xita Church (西塔教会), a Protestant church for the Korean Chinese
Islam
- South Mosque (清真南寺), the largest mosque in Northeast China, built in Qing dynasty
Cuisine
Shenyang has classic
Due to the sizeable Hui population in Shenyang, halal foods are a common and also enjoyed by non-Muslim people.
Notable people
- Dr. Min Chiu Li, therapeutic scientist, Albert Lasker Medical Research Award winner, Alfred Sloan Award in Cancer Research winner
- Zhang Zuolin, Chinese/Manchurian politician
- Zhang Xueliang
- Tetsuzo Fuyushiba, Japanese/Manchurian politician
- Fan Wei, sketch comedian and film actor
- Gong Li, Singaporean/Chinese actress
- Silence Wang, Chinese singer and songwriter
- Wu Xin, Chinese actress and host
- Na Ying, Chinese singer
- Lang Lang, Chinese pianist
- Ai Jing, Chinese singer and painter
- Jing Boran, Chinese actor and singer
- Zheng Shuang, Chinese actress (known for her role in Meteor Shower and Love O2O)
- Zhang Xiyuan Chinese actress (known for her role in Love Just Come)
- Wang Qianyuan, Chinese actor
- Qin Hao, Chinese actor
- Chen Xingxu, Chinese actor
- Yu Bo, Chinese actor
- Zhao Jinmai, Chinese actress
- Jian Renzi, Chinese actress
- Yan Zidong, Chinese actor
- Mao Ning, Chinese actor and singer
- Wang Bowen, Chinese actor and singer
- Jin Qiaoqiao, Chinese actress and producer
- Li Zimeng, Chinese television presenter
- Zimei, Chinese artist and Guzheng player
- Kōbō Abe, Japanese novelist, brought up in Shenyang (Mukden)
- Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor, born in Shenyang (Mukden)
- table-tennisplayer
- Zhu Xuejun, missile scientist and chief designer of the DF-17
- Wang Yongzhi, aerospace engineer and academic
- Jin Xing, dancer and actor
- Liu Dongsheng, geological and environmental engineer
- Chang Hsin-kang, professor, the former President of City University of Hong Kong
- Lin Gengxin, actor known for his role in Scarlet Heart
- Li Xianglan, actress, peace-activist
- Xu Geyang, singer
- Du Haitao, Comedian and actor
- Qin Lan, Chinese actress and singer
- Luo Yang, photographer
- Ryan Zhang He, Chinese actor and singer
Tourism
Attractions
- UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Qipan Mountain (棋盘山): a recreation resort in Shenbei New District, northeast of Shenyang.
- Strange Slope (怪坡): an 80 m (87 yd)-long, 25 m (82 ft)-wide slope on the western side of Mao Mountain in Shenbei District, famous for the unexplained phenomenon of vehicles seemingly able to move uphill unpowered.
- Shenyang Botanical Garden (沈阳植物园) is located within the Qipanshan Tourism District. With a total area of 2.46 km2 (610 acres), the garden hosted the International Horticultural Exposition in 2006. Since then it has also been known as the Shenyang International Expo Garden (沈阳世博园). A variety of botanical exhibitions are held throughout the year.[129]
- Meteorite Mountain Forest Park (陨石山森林公园), located in the southeast of Shenyang in Hunnan District. The biggest meteorite lies on the Huashitai Mountain of Lixiang County, and is 160 m (520 ft) long, 54 m (177 ft) wide, 42 m (138 ft) tall and about 2,000,000 t (2,200,000 short tons) in weight. It is the oldest meteorite in the world which was formed 4.5 billion years ago and fallen into the Earth 1.9 billion years ago.[citation needed]
- Xiaonan Cathedral of Shenyang (小南天主教堂), the construction of the cathedral started in 1875 and finished in 1878.
- Qipanshan Tourism Development Zone
Shopping areas
Shenyang has many shopping areas that provide necessities, luxuries and entertainments. One of the shopping districts is
Taiyuan Street (太原街) is another shopping area which is similar to Middle Street. Taiyuan Street many restaurants and theaters for people to enjoy. Many spend their holidays shopping on these two streets. There is also a very large underground shopping center, offering many items, especially fashion jewelries, accessories and clothing.
Another area, Wu'ai Market (五爱市场), features a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It is famous for wholesaling cheap clothes and household items.
The information technology center is in Sanhao street (三好街) in the southern part of the city. There are large superstores located throughout the city that sell everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics.
Research and education
Shenyang is a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. Shenyang has one of the highest concentrations of educational institutes in China. Roughly 30 colleges and universities and numerous research and training institutions are located in Shenyang, including core institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. As of 2023, it was list among the top 125 science cities in the world as tracked by the Nature Index.[11]
Research institutes
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院金属研究所)
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所)
- Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所), formerly the Institute of Forestry and Pedology (林业土壤研究所)
- Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳计算机技术研究所)
- Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute (沈阳飞机设计研究所), also known as the "601 Institute"
- Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute (沈阳发动机设计研究所), also known as the "606 Institute"
High schools
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- Liaoning Province Shiyan High School (辽宁省实验中学)
- Shenyang No. 1 High School (沈阳市第一中学)
- Shenyang No. 2 High School (沈阳市第二中学)
- Shenyang No. 4 High School (沈阳市第四中学)
- Shenyang No. 5 High School (沈阳市第五中学)
- Shenyang No. 20 High School (沈阳市第二十中学)
- Shenyang No. 31 High School (沈阳市第三十一中学)
- Shenyang No.120 High School (沈阳市第一二零中学)
- Northeast Yucai School (东北育才中学)
International schools
- non-profit organizationcommitted to educational work in China.
- Shenyang Pacific International Academy (沈阳太平洋国际学校), located in Shenbei District. The school offers an American-style high school education.
- Canadian International School Shenyang (加拿大国际学校), located in Shenbei District, founded in 2017 with joint co-operation of AKD International Education and the Canadian government. The school offers a Canadian-style education ranging from kindergarten to middle school.
- QSI International School of Shenyang (QSI) (沈阳科爱赛国际学校 中国), founded in 2012 and located at Sekisui House, Hunnan New District
Universities
- China Medical University(中国医科大学)
- Liaoning University (辽宁大学)
- Liaoning Communication University (辽宁传媒学院)zh:辽宁传媒学院
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (辽宁中医药大学)
- Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts (鲁迅美术学院)
- Northeastern University(东北大学)
- Shenyang Jianzhu University (沈阳建筑大学)
- Shenyang University (沈阳大学)
- Shenyang City University (沈阳城市学院)
- Shenyang Aerospace University (沈阳航空航天大学)
- Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学)
- Shenyang Conservatory of Music (沈阳音乐学院)
- Shenyang Institute of Engineering (沈阳工程学院)
- Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学)
- Shenyang Medical College (沈阳医学院)
- Shenyang Normal University (沈阳师范大学)
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (沈阳药科大学)
- Shenyang Sport University (沈阳体育学院)
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology (沈阳化工大学)
- Shenyang University of Technology (沈阳工业大学)
Defunct universities
- anti-Japanese volunteer armies.
International relations
Foreign consulates
Japan, Russia, South Korea, France, Germany, North Korea, Australia and the United States all have
Twin towns – Sister cities
Shenyang has established
Sister cities[134]
- Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 1980
- Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan 1981
- Turin, Italy 1985
- Chicago, United States 1985
- Irkutsk, Russia 1992
- Quezon City, Philippines 1993
- Ramat Gan, Israel 1993
- South Chungcheong, South Korea 1996
- Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, South Korea 1998
- Gyeonggi, South Korea 1998
- Yaoundé, Cameroon 1998
- Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 1999
- North Gyeongsang, South Korea 1999
- Thessaloniki, Greece 2000
- Ostrava, Czech Republic 2006
- Katowice, Poland 2007
- Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan 2010
- Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia 2011
- Novosibirsk, Russia 2013
- Incheon, South Korea 2014
- La Plata, Argentina 2014
- Belfast, Northern Ireland 2016[135]
Friendship cities
- Pittsburg, California, United States
- Düsseldorf, Germany
- Marabá, Pará, Brazil
In media
The decline of Shenyang's
See also
- List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
- Unit 100
- List of twin towns and sister cities in China
- SYTV
- List of universities and colleges in Shenyang
Notes
- ^ Chinese: 沈阳; /ʃɛnˈjæŋ/ shen-YANG;[4] Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə̀n.jǎŋ]
- ^ 奉天; Mandarin pronunciation: [fə̂ŋtʰjɛ́n]
- ^ IPA: [mukʰtən]
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- Avila Tàpies, Rosalia (2012) Territorialidad y etnicidad en Manchuria: el ejemplo de la ciudad de Mukden (Shenyang) bajo la ocupación japonesa.Territorialidad y etnicidad en Manchuria: El ejemplo de la ciudad de Mukden (Shenyang) bajo la ocupación japonesa (Territoriality and ethnicity in Manchuria: the example of the city of Mukden (Shenyang) under Japanese occupation ) Archived 2015-10-17 at the ISSN 1138-9796.
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- This article incorporates text from The Century illustrated monthly magazine, Volume 68, a publication from 1904, now in the public domain in the United States.
- This article incorporates text from The Century: a popular quarterly, Volume 68, by Making of America Project, a publication from 1904, now in the public domain in the United States.
External links
- Shenyang Government website Archived 2017-09-14 at the Wayback Machine