Dewsbury

Coordinates: 53°41′28″N 1°37′59″W / 53.691°N 1.633°W / 53.691; -1.633
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Dewsbury (disambiguation).

Dewsbury
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
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    • West Yorkshire
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    53°41′28″N 1°37′59″W / 53.691°N 1.633°W / 53.691; -1.633

    Dewsbury is a

    Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It is to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. Dewsbury forms part of the Heavy Woollen District of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census
    .

    History

    Toponymy

    The Domesday Book of 1086 records the name as Deusberie, Deusberia, Deusbereia, or Deubire, literally "Dewi's fort", Dewi being an old Welsh name (equivalent to David) and "bury" coming from the old English word "burh", meaning fort.[2]

    Other, less supported, theories exist as to the name's origin. For example, that it means "dew hill", from Old English dēaw (genitive dēawes), "dew", and beorg, "hill" (because Dewsbury is built on a hill). It has been suggested that dēaw refers to the town's proximity to the water of the River Calder.[3]

    In the past other origins were proposed, such as "God's fort", from Welsh Duw, "God". "Antiquarians supposed the name, Dewsbury, to be derived from the original planter of the village, Dui or Dew, who … had fixed his abode and fortified his "Bury". Another conjecture holds, that the original name is Dewsborough, or God's Town" (1837)[4]

    Early history

    In

    ecclesiastical parish of Dewsbury encompassed Huddersfield, Mirfield and Bradford. Ancient legend records that in 627 Paulinus, the Bishop of York, preached here on the banks of the River Calder. Numerous Anglian graves have been found in Dewsbury and Thornhill.[5]

    Dewsbury Minster

    Dewsbury Minster lies near the River Calder, traditionally on the site where Paulinus preached. Some of the visible stonework in the nave is Saxon, and parts of the church also date to the 13th century. The tower houses "Black Tom", a bell which is rung each Christmas Eve, one toll for each year since Christ's birth, known as the "Devil's Knell", a tradition dating from the 15th century. The bell was given by Sir Thomas de Soothill, in penance for murdering a servant boy in a fit of rage. The tradition was commemorated on a Royal Mail postage stamp in 1986.[6]

    In the Domesday Book of 1086, Dewsbury was in Morley wapentake, but with a recorded population of only nine households it was a relatively small settlement at that time.[7] The Agbrigg and Morley wapentakes were administratively combined into the Agbrigg and Morley wapentake in the 13th century. When they were separated for administrative purposes in the mid-19th century, Dewsbury parish had grown to straddle the border between both wapentakes, hence being mainly in the Lower Division of the Wapentake of Agbrigg.[8]

    Dewsbury market was established in the 14th century for local clothiers. Occurrences of the plague in 1593 and 1603 closed the market and it reopened in 1741.[9]

    Throughout the

    Methodist Society was established in 1746. Centenary Chapel on Daisy Hill commemorates the centenary of this event, and the Methodist tradition remained strong in the town.[10]

    Industrial Revolution

    Dewsbury County Court

    In 1770, a short branch of the

    coal mines. The railway arrived in 1848 when Dewsbury Wellington Road railway station on the London and North Western Railway opened; this is the only station which remains open. Other stations were Dewsbury Central on the Great Northern Railway which closed in 1964 and Dewsbury Market Place on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway which closed in 1930; a fourth goods-only railway station was built in the early 20th century at Savile Town by the Midland Railway
    . In 1985 a bypass road was built on the site of Central Station and its adjacent viaduct, and nothing remains of Market Place railway station. The 19th century saw a great increase in population, rising from 4,566 in 1801 to around 30,000 by 1890.

    Steam engine, Providence Mills, Dewsbury
    Machell's Shoddy and Mungo Mill in Dewsbury town centre

    The town's rapid expansion and commitment to industrialisation resulted in social instability. In the early 19th century, Dewsbury was a centre of

    sheep farmers begin to charge higher prices. However, the recovery of the late 1960s was reversed by the 1973 oil crisis
    , and the textile industry in Dewsbury declined, with only bed manufacturing remaining a large scale employer.

    Recent history

    Massive immigration after the 1960s left a huge demographic impact on the town, which continues today. Asian British and Muslims now make up a third of the population, and the percentage is expected to grow in the coming years.

    After 2005, following negative press reports, Dewsbury was labelled a troubled town[13] and became "the town that dare not speak its name"[14] after high-profile crimes brought it into the media spotlight. In June, a girl of 12 was charged with grievous bodily harm after attempting to hang a five-year-old boy from Chickenley.[15] Mohammad Sidique Khan, ringleader of the group responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings, lived in Lees Holm, Dewsbury.

    On 19 February 2008,

    Shannon Matthews, a nine-year-old girl from the Moorside Estate, was reported missing. After a 24-day hunt which attracted huge media and public attention nationally, she was found hidden in a flat in the Batley Carr
    area on 14 March 2008. Her mother Karen Matthews, along with Michael Donovan, the uncle of her stepfather Craig Meehan, were later found guilty of abduction and false imprisonment, as part of a plot to claim the reward money for her safe return by pretending to have solved her disappearance; both were jailed for eight years.

    In October 2010, the Dewsbury Revival Centre opened, in the refurbished former St Mark's Church on Halifax Road, the church attended by Wallace Hartley, bandmaster of the Titanic.[16]

    In July 2014, Kirklees Council enforced a media ban covering the visit of

    Princess Anne, who was due to deliver a speech on the importance of restorative justice. Kirklees Council later responded that the highly unusual media ban had been insisted upon by the Royal Household. Buckingham Palace, however, was mystified over the ban, with a Royal spokesman stating: "This visit has been openly listed in the future engagements section on the Royal website for the last eight weeks. There are no restrictions on reporting on the event from the Royal Household."[17]

    Governance

    Dewsbury was incorporated as a

    urban districts of Ravensthorpe, Thornhill, and Soothill Nether, and part of Soothill Upper, in 1910, and in 1913 it was elevated to county borough status. "Soothill Nether" refers to the current east end of the town, although at that time Chickenley and Chidswell were hamlets, and Earlsheaton contained the bulk of the area's population. [citation needed
    ]

    In 1974, responsibility for local government passed to Kirklees Metropolitan Council, its headquarters being in Huddersfield. The population of Dewsbury has remained broadly static over the past century: the 1911 census recorded 53,351 people,[19] and the 1971 census 51,326 people, making it the fourth-least populous county borough in England (after Canterbury, Burton upon Trent and Great Yarmouth).

    The town's current MP is Mark Eastwood, a member of the Conservative Party, who was elected in the 2019 general election.[20]

    Geography

    Dewsbury is situated between

    Huddersfield Line, served by the TransPennine Express
    , have contributed to its growth.

    Junction of Northgate and Halifax Road

    Dewsbury is part of the

    West Yorkshire Urban Area, although its natural boundaries are not well-defined, with built up areas of the town running into Batley, Heckmondwike and Ossett
    .

    Geologically, the town is situated on rocks of the

    Average rainfall is 100 cm per annum.[21]
    The town is dominated by hills, notably Earlsheaton, Dewsbury Moor, Staincliffe and Thornhill. The town centre is between 130 and 180 feet (40 and 55 metres) above sea level, rising to 360 ft (110 m) at Earlsheaton and Batley Carr, and 755 ft (230 m) at Grange Moor. The approach from Earlsheaton through the Wakefield Road cutting, constructed in 1830 [citation needed], is dramatic with the view of the town centre in the Calder Valley opening up.

    Divisions and suburbs

    Dewsbury has a number of districts with different geographical and socio-economic patterns, they are, Chickenley, Crackenedge,

    Ravensthorpe, Savile Town, Shaw Cross, Scout Hill, Thornhill Lees, Westborough, Westtown. Batley Carr, Hanging Heaton and Staincliffe have areas which lie in both Dewsbury and neighbouring Batley. Thornhill, Briestfield and Whitley Lower are part of Dewsbury unparished area
    . Thornhill was annexed in 1910.

    Demography and economy

    Dewsbury Market

    The Westtown area has the large and imposing Our Lady and St. Paulinus

    Roman Catholic Church and its school, once run by the nuns of the area. The Irish National Club also is home to Dewsbury Celtic amateur rugby league
    club.

    Markazi Masjid, Savile Town

    The town has a large Muslim community.

    Kurds and Hungarians into the town.[22] Dewsbury has been accused of having a controversial Shariah arbitration court.[23] Dewsbury Moor, Ravensthorpe and Chickenley are classed among the 10% most deprived areas in the UK.[24] In contrast to some British towns and cities, the east side of the town is generally more affluent. The majority of houses in the town are in the cheapest band for council tax, for house prices are amongst the lowest in the country.[25]

    Kingsway Shopping Arcade

    The local market once consisted of 400 stalls and was one of the busiest [

    brownfield site. However, many of the units have been reoccupied and the town's largest employer, Carlton Cards
    , is based in this area.

    Ethnic groups

    As of 2021, Dewsbury's population was enumerated at 63,722, and its ethnic makeup was 50.8% White, 44.4% Asian, 2.3% Mixed, 0.8% Black, and 1.4% Other.[26]

    Religions

    As of 2021, Dewsbury's religious makeup was 46%

    No Religion, and has small Hindu and Sikh communities.[27]

    Transport

    Dewsbury bus station

    Dewsbury bus station serves the town of Dewsbury. The bus station is managed and owned by West Yorkshire Metro. The bus station was rebuilt in 1994 with a main passenger concourse and 19 bus stands. The town is served on the railway network by Dewsbury railway station, with services operated by Northern Trains and TransPennine Express.

    Sport

    Crown Flatt stadium, also known as Tetley's Stadium for sponsorship purposes

    Dewsbury Rams, formerly Dewsbury R.L.F.C., play in rugby league's Championship. They are based at Crown Flatt, on Owl Lane, towards Ossett, on the site of the old Savile & Shaw Cross Colliery. Shaw Cross Sharks is an amateur Rugby League club. The club was founded in 1947 and has produced several players into the professional game, including Mike Stephenson, Nigel Stephenson and David Ward. They operate from Shaw Cross Club for Young People and play their home fixtures at the adjacent Paul Lee Hinchcliffe Memorial Playing Fields. The open age first team is the National Conference League. Dewsbury Celtic play in National League 3; their ground is on the west side of the town, in Crow Nest Park. The club's headquarters are at the Dewsbury Irish National Club on Park Parade. Dewsbury is also the home of Dewsbury Rangers Football Club. With over 300 members from the ages of six through to the old boys' teams, it is one of the largest in the area.

    Culture

    Dewsbury Museum, in Crow Nest Park

    Dewsbury Museum was located within the mansion house in

    Overton, Wakefield
    .

    Dewsbury Town Hall contains a 700-seater concert hall and regularly hosts concerts, exhibitions, live music, cabaret evenings and weddings.

    The town also has an annual event called Spirit, a street theatre show every winter which takes place in the town centre.

    2018 comedy film Destination: Dewsbury was filmed and part set in the town. The production was shot in 2016 and premiered at the 2018 Beverly Hills Film Festival.

    Local media

    Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Emley Moor TV transmitter. [28]

    Dewsbury's local radio stations are

    Pulse 1 on 102.5 FM, and Branch Radio, a community based radio station that broadcast from the town on 101.8 FM.[29]

    The Dewsbury Reporter is the town's local weekly newspaper.[30]

    Education

    Dewsbury Baptist Church
    Dewsbury and District Technical School of Art and Science

    Dewsbury had two

    Huddersfield Technical College to become part of Kirklees College in 2008, and is now known by that name.[31] Birkdale High School closed in July 2011. In the 2005 School League Tables, Dewsbury's Eastborough Junior, Infants and Nursery schools were reported to have the most consistently improved results over the past four years. However, the headteacher of the school, Nicola Roth, has been highly critical of School League Tables in the UK, and has been reported to have said, "It would be better if league tables did not exist".[32]

    Art and Design, which is part of Kirklees College (Dewsbury Centre), has a strong reputation [citation needed] for print and textile-based art work, whilst St John Fisher Catholic Voluntary Academy
    is a specialist Sports College and is one of the few schools in the area with a Sixth Form.

    Notable people

    Due to the placement of Dewsbury and District Hospital, many notable people have been born in the town. For a fuller list, see Category:People from Dewsbury

    The following people are or were from Dewsbury:

    Sportspeople

    References in popular culture

    Dewsbury is referenced in

    Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (also known as the KLF
    ).

    The 1960 book A Kind of Loving is set in a fictional city named "Cressley", but its description was based upon Dewsbury. The author, Stan Barstow, was born in Horbury and grew up in Ossett – both of which are just to the east of Dewsbury.

    More recently, the phrase "Dewsbury noir" has been used to describe the violent novels of David Peace, who was born in Dewsbury but lives in neighbouring Ossett.[36]

    See also

    References

    1. ^ "United Kingdom: Major Cities in England - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
    2. ^ "Key to English Place-names". kepn.nottingham.ac.uk.
    3. ^ "Calderdale: Halifax to Pontefract". Yorkshire. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
    4. ^ "Dewsbury". White's History. 1837. Retrieved 5 January 2006. "Antiquarians supposed the name, Dewsbury, to be derived from the original planter of the village, Dui or Dew, who … had fixed his abode and fortified his "Bury". Another conjecture holds, that the original name is Dewsborough, or God's Town" (1837).
    5. ^ Piwowarski, Pete. "Huddersfield One – Tolson Museum Booklets – Angles, Danes and Norse in the District of Huddersfield". Huddersfield1.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
    6. ^ "Eric Shackle's eBook – Bells". Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    7. ^ Open Domesday: Dewsbury. Accessed February 2021.
    8. ^ DEWSBURY: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1837. GENUKI.org website, accessed February 2021.
    9. ^ "Dewsbury Kirklees Cousins". Retrieved 3 May 2022.
    10. ^ "Nowthen Dewsbury: Central Methodist Church". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2005.
    11. ^ "Calder & Hebble Navigation". Canal & River Trust. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
    12. ^ "Nostalgia: Days when the Dewsbury ten o'clock gun was fired every night". Batley News. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
    13. ^ Wainwright, Martin (29 May 2008). "The name's Dewsbury". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
    14. ^ Norfolk, Andrew (28 May 2008). "Dewsbury: Kidnap, lynching and a suicide". The Times. London. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
    15. ^ "Hanging case girl spared custody". BBC News. 3 October 2005. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
    16. ^ "The Building". Dewsbury Revival Centre. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    17. ^ Shaw, Martin (5 July 2014). "Princess Royal in Dewsbury – but media banned from reporting visit until she left". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    18. ^ "Dewsbury MB/CB through time – Census tables with data for the Local Government District". Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    19. ^ "Dewsbury MB/CB through time – Census tables with data for the Local Government District". Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    20. ^ Lavigueur, Nick (13 December 2019). "Conservatives take the Dewsbury constituency". YorkshireLive. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
    21. ^ "Destination Dewsbury : Geographical Data". 20 February 2004. Archived from the original on 20 February 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
    22. ^ Hungarians referred to in these articles http://www.thepressnewspaper.co.uk/NewsDetails.asp?id=1169 Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bradford/7261208.stm Kurds referred to in this article http://www.dewsburyreporter.co.uk/news?articleid=2737475
    23. ^ "Muslims accused of running Islamic court – More Local News". Dewsbury Reporter. 1 May 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
    24. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    25. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2006. Retrieved 20 February 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    26. ^ "Dewsbury (West Yorkshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
    27. ^ "Dewsbury (West Yorkshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
    28. ^ "Emley Moor (Kirklees, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
    29. ^ "Christian Radio Station - Dewsbury West Yorkshire UK - Branch FM". www.branchfm.com. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
    30. ^ Foundry, The Theme (17 May 2014). "Dewsbury Reporter | British Newspapers Online". Retrieved 22 September 2023.
    31. ^ Ltd, Website designed by Assembly Studios and developed by Assembly Studios and Hexydec. "Creative Kirklees / Directory / Kirklees College / Huddersfield and Dewsbury". creativekirklees.com. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
    32. ^ "The best and worst results". BBC News. 19 December 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
    33. ^ Tominey, Camilla (27 February 2023). "Betty Boothroyd, first female Speaker, dies aged 93". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
    34. ^ ""Born and bred Yorkshireman" gets top job at Asda". The Yorkshire Post. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
    35. ^ "Über unsere Welt". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    36. ^ "Tim Adams interviews David Peace, author of The Damned Utd". The Guardian. 22 February 2009.

    External links

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