Dhanbad

Coordinates: 23°47′59″N 86°25′50″E / 23.7998°N 86.4305°E / 23.7998; 86.4305
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Dhanbad district.

Dhanbad
Dhanbad
Subdistrict_name2 = shiml Bahal basti, jharia
Government
 • Type
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
826001
Telephone Code0326
Vehicle registrationJH-10
Metro GDP (PPP)$95 million to $110 million[6]
Websitewww.dhanbad.nic.in

Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of

IIT Dhanbad) is situated in Dhanbad.[14] Apart from coal, it has also grown in information technology.[15]

Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world, according to the City Mayors Foundation.[16] It is the 56th cleanest city of India, according to the 2019 Swachh Survekshan cleanliness survey.[17] It showed a great change in the city which was considered the dirtiest city in the 2018 Swachh Survekshan.[18] Dhanbad Municipal Corporation works for increasing green cover in the city.[19] Dhanbad is suffering from underground

coal seam fire and harmful fumes coming out from the ground. Since colonial rule till date it can't be doused. Significant areas of Jharia coal belt area is fire affected. People residing there feared that very soon in future there will be land subsidence here. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the largest revenue generator.[15] Dhanbad is ranked as the top city in India with the highest 4G mobile phone network availability in India by a survey of Opensignal.[20]

coal mines, including some of the largest in India. This extensive coal
reserve has led to the establishment of various industries such as steel plants, power plants, and coal washeries, contributing significantly to the region's economic prosperity.

History

Main article:
History of Dhanbad
Dr. Ambedkar talking to people as the Labour Minister in the Viceroy's Executive Council at coal mines, Dhanbad

The present district used to be a part of

Sasanka.[21] Manbhum was one of the districts of the East India during the British Raj
.

The region has thick forests, with rich mineral resources, and had a mixed demographic profile with people from different religious and

Santals and the Mundas before the city was established.[22] After the Partition of India, the district became a part of Bihar state, and upon re-organization of the Indian states in the mid-1950s, the district became a part of the West Bengal. Purulia district was carved out of the district of Manbhum.[22]

In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old.

States Reorganization Commission
vide notification 1911.

This was done under the commitment and leadership of journalist, Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent district and city. From 1956 to 14 November 2000, it was under Bihar. At present, it is in Jharkhand, after the creation of the state on 15 November 2000.[25] The discovery of rich deposits of coal in the region caused the city to flourish financially, but also bought notorious coal-mafia and gang wars[26] which continues to this day with areas of city like Wasseypur being most affected by the conflict.[26]

Geography

Dhanbad
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
17
 
 
25
11
 
 
18
 
 
28
14
 
 
18
 
 
33
18
 
 
22
 
 
38
23
 
 
49
 
 
39
25
 
 
192
 
 
35
25
 
 
342
 
 
31
24
 
 
311
 
 
31
24
 
 
282
 
 
31
23
 
 
105
 
 
31
20
 
 
7
 
 
28
16
 
 
5
 
 
25
11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.7
 
 
77
52
 
 
0.7
 
 
82
57
 
 
0.7
 
 
91
64
 
 
0.9
 
 
100
73
 
 
1.9
 
 
102
77
 
 
7.6
 
 
95
77
 
 
13
 
 
88
75
 
 
12
 
 
88
75
 
 
11
 
 
88
73
 
 
4.1
 
 
88
68
 
 
0.3
 
 
82
61
 
 
0.2
 
 
77
52
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Dhanbad has an average elevation of 227 m (745 ft). Its geographical length (extending from north to south) is 15 miles (24 km) and the breadth (stretching across east to West) is 10 miles (16 km). It shares its boundaries with

Bokaro District in the west. Dhanbad comes under the Chota Nagpur Plateau
.

Rivers and lakes

The

Hazaribag. It is joined by the Bokaro, the Konar and the Barakar rivers.[27] The Damodar enters Dhanbad district at its confluence with the Jamuria, a stream which marks the western boundary of Dhanbad with Hazaribagh District. Further east, the Damodar is joined by the Katri River which rises in the foothills below Parasnath and traverses through the coal-field area.[28] The Barakar, which forms the northern boundary of the district, traverses about 77 km. It flows in south westerly direction up to Durgapur and then south till it joins the Damodar near Chirkunda
.

Damodar River
Topchanchi Lake

Climate

Dhanbad features a climate that is transitional between a

tropical wet and dry climate (Aw).[29]
Summer starts from the first week of March and ends in mid-July. The peak temperature in summer can reach 48 °C. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall. In winter, the minimum temperature remains around 8 °C with a maximum of 25 °C.

Climate data for Dhanbad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25
(77) 		28
(82) 		33
(91) 		38
(100) 		39
(102) 		35
(95) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		28
(82) 		25
(77) 		31
(88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8
(46) 		14
(57) 		18
(64) 		23
(73) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		20
(68) 		14
(57) 		9
(48) 		19
(66)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		18
(0.7) 		18
(0.7) 		22
(0.9) 		49
(1.9) 		192
(7.6) 		342
(13.5) 		311
(12.2) 		282
(11.1) 		105
(4.1) 		7
(0.3) 		5
(0.2) 		1,368
(53.9)
Source: IMD

Dhanbad has been ranked 34th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.[30]

Cityscape

Demographics

Population

See also:
List of cities in Jharkhand
Religion in Dhanbad (2011)[31]
Religion Per cent
Hinduism
 
 81.22%
Islam
 
 17.10%
Sikhism
 
 0.65%
Christianity
 
 0.47%
Other or not stated
 
 0.56%

As of 2011 census, Dhanbad City had a population of 1,162,472.[5] Males (614,722) constitute 53% of the population and females (547,750) 47%. It has a sex ratio of 891. Dhanbad has an average literacy rate of 79.47%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 86.14% and female literacy is 71.96%. 10.57% of the population is under 5 years of age.[5]

Languages

Languages of Dhanbad (2011)[32]
  1. Hindi (46.32%)
  2. Urdu (11.83%)
  3. Khortha (10.55%)
  4. Bengali (9.77%)
  5. Magahi (8.08%)
  6. Bhojpuri (7.2%)
  7. Maithili (1.33%)
  8. Santali (0.92%)
  9. Others (4%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 46.32% of the population spoke Hindi, 11.83% Urdu, 10.55% Khortha, 9.77% Bengali, 8.08% Magahi, 7.20% Bhojpuri, 1.33% Maithili and 0.92% Santali as their first language.[32]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Dhanbad
See also:
Economy of Jharkhand State

Dhanbad has one of the oldest and largest markets in the region and is also a centre of large scale industries. It is known for its

coal mines and industrial establishments; the city is surrounded by about 112 coal mines[33]
with a total production of 27.5 million tonnes and an annual income of 700 crore rupees through coal business. There are a number of coal washeries there.

Education

Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad
(Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University
)Main Building
Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri

Dhanbad is a leading center of education in eastern India.

Kendriya Vidyalaya and Tata D.A.V School.[37]

Indian Institute of Technology (formerly Indian School of Mines), was established by the British in 1926.[14] It is a premier engineering college of India. Birsa Institute of Technology in Sindri is one of the oldest government engineering college in India.[40]

NEET exam to get enrolled. Other major institutions includes Law College,[43] Guru Nanak College,[44] P.K. Roy Memorial College, Bholaram Shibal Kharkia College, B.S.S Mahila College[45] and Al Iqra Teacher's Training College.[46]

Politics

Dhanbad city and district is considered a

BJP stronghold with majority of its MPs MLA's being of the party since the 1990s. Chandra Shekhar Agrawal of BJP is the mayor; otherwise known as the first citizen, of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation. He won by the margin of 42,525 votes.[47][48][49]

Raj Sinha of

40-Dhanbad assembly constituency defeating Mannan Malick of the Indian National Congress in 2014.[50] Pashupati Nath Singh of BJP defeated Mannan Mallik of Congress in 2005, Prasadi Sao of RJD in 2000, and Ramadhar Yadav of JD in 1995. Surendra Prasad Roy of Congress defeated S.K. Shriva of JD in 1990 and Ram Chander Singh of Janata Party in 1985. Yogeshwar Prasad Yogesh of Congress defeated Gopi Kant Bakshi of CPI(M) in 1980 and Kalawati Devi of Janata Party.[51][52]

Dhanbad assembly constituency is part of

Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency).[53]

Members of Parliament for Dhanbad

Election Member Party
1991 Rita Verma Bharatiya Janata Party
1996 Rita Verma Bharatiya Janata Party
1998 Rita Verma Bharatiya Janata Party
1999 Rita Verma Bharatiya Janata Party
2004 Chandra Shekhar Dubey Indian National Congress
2009 Pashupati Nath Singh Bharatiya Janata Party
2014 Pashupati Nath Singh Bharatiya Janata Party
2019 Pashupati Nath Singh Bharatiya Janata Party
2024 Dhullu Mahto Bharatiya Janata Party

Transport

Rail

Main article:
Dhanbad Junction

Dhanbad has a very good rail connectivity with the other major parts of the country such as

Hyderabad, Kochi, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Durgapur, Asansol, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Visakhapatnam Jodhpur, Nagpur, Pune, Varanasi and Guwahati etc. Dhanbad railway division is the largest revenue generator in India.[54]

South Eastern Railway. Dhanbad is connected with almost all states through rail network. Each and every train through this has a stop at Dhanbad. Even Sealdah Duronto has a stoppage at Dhanbad
. Other important railway stations in Dhanbad city extremities are Bhaga Junction, Bhuli, Dokra Halt and Pradhankunta Junction.

On 1 October 2011, India's first

double-decker train was flagged off to connect Howrah and Dhanbad. With this India joins the league of Europe and North America that run multi-deck trains. As of October 2011, the train runs daily except Sunday, departing from Howrah at 8:30 am to arrive at Dhanbad at 12:45 pm, and on return trip it departs Dhanbad at 6:30 pm to arrive at Howrah at 10:40 pm. It has a maximum permissible speed of 110 kilometres (68 mi)/hr with stops at Bardhaman, Durgapur, Asansol, Barakar and Kumardhubi on both legs of the route. This new AC design has several features namely stainless steel body, high-speed Eurofima design bogies with air springs and other safety-features.[55][56][57]

Roads

National Highway 19 and National Highway 18 are the major highways passing through Dhanbad.[58] NH 19 is part of Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway network; Dhanbad lies in Kolkata-Delhi link of the Golden Quadrilateral network.[59] NH19 is being converted into six lane expressway; NH 18 connects Dhanbad to Bokaro-Jamshedpur.[59]

National Highway 19 also emerges as a connector and transport system for various purpose connecting Delhi with Kolkata.[citation needed
]

Private and State buses are available for inter-city traveling.[59]

Air

Dhanbad Airport is used for private small aircraft and helicopters, currently there is no public air-link at the airport. The nearest public airports to Dhanbad are:

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Dhanbad, followed by Football. Dhanbad is one of the centres where 34th National Games[60] was organised. Cricket Stadiums at present are at Tata Steel Stadium Digwadih, Nehru Stadium Jealgora and Railway Stadium where Ranji Trophy matches are organised.[61] Women's International Cricket were also played at Railway Stadium. Football matches of national level were played at Railway Stadium but now it is converted into Cricket Stadium by the Railway management.[62] Dhanbad officially became the second town in the state to boast a cricket stadium with floodlights, with the inauguration of floodlights at Tata Digwadih Stadium.[63]

Media

Hindustan Dainik is the most popular, followed by Prabhat Khabar, Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar
. "Dhanbad Bokaro Live" is published from Dhanbad.

Doordarshan relay station is present in Dhanbad near Koyla Nagar. There are some local news channels in the city such as, Antarkatha which are creative media houses which broadcast on local cable on Dhanbad, Jharia, Bokaro, Chatra, Hazaribag, Koderma, Ramgarh etc.[citation needed]

FM radio is available as

Vividh Bharti Service of All India Radio at 101.8 MHz.[citation needed
]

Notable people

References

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  2. The Telegraph. 1 May 2015. Archived from the original
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  38. ^ Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchai University
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