Dii Consentes
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The Dii Consentes, also known as Di or Dei Consentes (once Dii Complices
The gods were listed by the poet Ennius in the late 3rd century BCE in a paraphrase of an unknown Greek poet:[3]
Livy[4] arranges them in six male-female pairs: Jupiter-Juno, Neptune-Minerva, Mars-Venus, Apollo-Diana, Vulcan-Vesta and Mercury-Ceres. Three of the Dii Consentes formed the Capitoline Triad: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.
Precursor lists
The grouping of twelve deities has origins older than the Greek or Roman sources.
Hittite
The Greek grouping may have
Egyptian
Herodotus mentions a group of twelve gods in Egypt, but this cannot be confirmed in any Egyptian sources. [citation needed]
Greek
The Greek cult of the
Etruscan
The references to twelve
Scholarly evaluation of this account depends on the hypothesis that the Etruscans originally immigrated to Italy from Anatolia. In this case, the Etruscan Twelve might have been cognate to the Hittite Twelve. However, Etruscan artifacts show extensive use of Etruscan translations of Greek mythology; it is just as likely that both the Etruscan Twelve and the Roman Twelve were simply adaptations of the Greek Twelve.[5]: 232
In modern culture
In the Japanese manga Future Diary by Sakae Esuno, each Future Diary Holder is named after one of the Dii Consentes.[6]
See also
- Di indigetes
- Interpretatio graeca § Greco-Roman equivalents
- Proto-Indo-European mythology
- Twelve Olympians, the equivalent grouping of the Greek pantheon
References
- ^ Arnobius III.40
- ^ Platner, Samuel Ball (1904). The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome. pp. 173–174.
- ^ Apuleius. "De deo Socratis". In Ennius (ed.). fragment 45. 2.28–2.29.
- Ab Urbe Condita Libri [From the Founding of the City]. Translated by Canon Roberts..
- ^ a b c d Long, Charlotte R. (1987). The Twelve Gods of Greece and Rome. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. Vol. 107. Brill Archive.
- ISBN 978-4-04-715793-4