Diana Veteranorum
Diana | |
Alternative name | Zana Ouled sbaâ |
---|---|
Location | Algeria |
Region | Batna Province |
Coordinates | 35°46′46″N 6°04′31″E / 35.77944°N 6.07528°E |
Diana Veteranorum, today a village called Ain Zana (Aïn Zana), was an ancient Roman-Berber city in Algeria. It was located around 40 km northwest of Lambaesis and 85 km southwest of Cirta.[1]
History
Diana Veteranorum was founded in the connection with the settling of Roman veterans of the Legio III Augusta in northern Africa under the emperor Trajan (98-117).[2] Originally probably only Roman vicus with a police station and a community council (described as rest publica Dianensium in an early inscription).[3][4] It was later promoted to a municipium, but there's some debate, when that actually happened. While it is established that Diana Veteranorum was a municipium latest by 162, a later discovered inscription suggests that it has been a municipium in 149 already and Jacques Gascou concludes from this inscription that the original promotion happened under Trajan even.[1]
Around 161/162 AD, during the governorship of D. Fonteius Frontinianus the city of Diana Veteranorum was granted the status of a municipium. In 164/165 AD the legate C. Maesius Picatianus issued the construction of a memorial arch for the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.[4] During these years, Diana Veteranorum saw various construction and renovation measures, however, it is not entirely clear which actual buildings were subject to them. In 217, a triumphal arch was erected for the emperor Macrinus.[1]
A Christian community with a
In the
Archeological site
Archeological excavations at the site have yielded a large paved rectangular forum and an aqueduct. In the southeastern area, there are also the remains of a temple that may have been dedicated to the goddess Diana. Two arches have been found, the larger one of which features three openings. An inscription on it indicates that it was erected for the emperor Macrinus in 217. A number of other inscriptions have also been discovered, and in the western part of the city several mausolea have been found.[6]
Three buildings from the Byzantine period have been identified. A small fort (20.2 x 16. m) that had been attached to the arch of Macrinus, and a larger fort (61 x 53 m) about 100 m east of the original forum. Finally a Christian church (33 x 17.1m), that had been built on top of the forum.[6]
Notes
- ^ a b c Roberta Marchionni: Eine neue Inschrift des D. Fonteius Frontinianus aus Diana Veteranorum. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 162, (2007), pp. 290-292 (German) (JSTOR)
- )
- ^ a b Werner Huß: Diana Veteranorum. In: Brill's New Pauly. (online)
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- ^ )
- ^ a b c Marcel Le Glay: Diana Veteranorum (Zana) Algeria. In: The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1976 (online copy)
- ^ Noël Duval: La «Basilique» de Zana (Diana Veteranorum): une nouvelle église à deux absides ou un monument à auges?. In: Mélanges de l’École française de Rome, 89, 1977, pp. 847-873 (online at Persée)
Bibliography
- Marcel Le Glay: Diana Veteranorum (Zana) Algeria. In: The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1976 (online copy)
- Werner Huß: Diana Veteranorum. In: Brill's New Pauly. (online)
- Léon Renier: RUINES DE ZANA, L'ANCIENNE DIANA DE NUMIDIE. Revue Archéologique, 9e Année, No. 1 (15 AVRIL AU 15 SEPTEMBRE 1852), pp. 38–45 (French) (JSTOR)
- Anne-Marie Leydier-Bareil: Le Arcs de Triomphe dedies a Caracalla en Afrique Romaine. PhD thesis (Universite Nancy 2), 2006, Vol. II, pp. 309–317 (French) (online (pdf, pp. 64-72))
- Noël Duval: La «Basilique» de Zana (Diana Veteranorum): une nouvelle église à deux absides ou un monument à auges?. In: Mélanges de l’École française de Rome, 89, 1977, pp. 847–873 (online at Persée)
- G. Camps: Diana Veteranorum. In: Encyclopédie berbère, 15, 1995, 2295-2297 (French) (online copy)
- )
- Roberta Marchionni: Eine neue Inschrift des D. Fonteius Frontinianus aus Diana Veteranorum. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 162, (2007), pp. 290–292 (German) (JSTOR)
External links
- more detailed picture of one of the ruins Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine