Dicroidium
Dicroidium Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
Dicroidium odontopteroides fossil leaf, Late Triassic Molteno Formation near Birds River South Africa. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Order: | †Corystospermales |
Family: | †Corystospermaceae |
Genus: | †Dicroidium Gothan (1912) |
Species | |
| |
Synonyms | |
|
Dicroidium is an extinct genus of fork-leaved
seed ferns", assigned to the order Corystospermales or Umkomasiales. Species of Dicroidium were widely distributed and dominant over Gondwana during the Triassic (252 to 201 million years ago). Their fossils are known from South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent and Antarctica
.
Description
venation of the leaves is also highly variable, encompassing taeniopteroid, odontopteroid, alethopteroid and simple morphologies.[5]
Whole plant
Dicroidium plants grew as medium-large sized trees,wind dispersed.[4]
Possible whole plant associations include:
- Dicroidium odontopteroides may have been produced by the same plant as Umkomasia macleanii (ovulate structures) and Pteruchus africanus (pollen organs).[9]
- Dicroidium zuberi may have been produced by the same plant as Umkomasia feistmantelii (ovulate structures) and Pteruchus barrealensis (pollen organs)[10]
Evolution
The earliest Dicroidium species are known from the
end-Triassic mass extinction, with Dicroidium surviving in parts of East Antarctica into the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian).[5]
References
- ^ THE TRIASSIC TAPHOFLORA FROM PARANA BASIN, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
- .
- ^ Passo das Tropas, Santa Maria, RS Marco bioestratigráfico triássico na evolução paleoflorística do Gondwana na Bacia do Paraná.
- ^ a b c d Mays, Chris; McLoughlin, Stephen (2020-02-25). "Caught between two mass extinctions: The rise and fall of Dicroidium". Deposits Mag. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-813012-4, retrieved 2020-11-12
- ^ .
- ^ Anderson, H.M., Holmes, W.B.K. & Fitness, F.A., 2008. Stems with attached Dicroidium leaves from the Ipswich Coal Measures, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52, 1–12.
- ISSN 0311-5518.
- JSTOR 2399379.
- .
- .
- Bomfleur, B. and Kerp, H. (2010). Dicroidium diversity in the Upper Triassic of north Victoria Land, East Antarctica.