Diego Columbus

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Diego (Giacomo in Italian), the youngest brother of Christopher Columbus[1][2].
Luis Colón de Toledo
Personal details
BornApril 1, 1479
María de Toledo y Rojas
Children5, including Luis
Parent(s)Christopher Columbus
Filipa Moniz Perestrelo
ResidenceViceregal Palace of Columbus
OccupationNavigator
Explorer

Diego Columbus (Portuguese: Diogo Colombo; Spanish: Diego Colón; Italian: Diego Colombo; 1479/1480 – February 23, 1526) was a navigator and explorer under the Kings of Castile and Aragón. He served as the 2nd Admiral of the Indies, 2nd Viceroy of the Indies and 4th Governor of the Indies as a vassal to the Kings of Castile and Aragón. He was the eldest son of Christopher Columbus and his wife Filipa Moniz Perestrelo.[3]

He was born in

María de Toledo y Rojas, niece of the 2nd Duke of Alba, who was the cousin of King Ferdinand
.

Early life

Tierra Firme (1513) - Castilla de Oro

Diego was made a

Spanish court in 1492, the year his father embarked on his first voyage. Diego had a younger half-brother, Fernando
, by Beatriz Enríquez de Arana.

Diego Columbus was taught by Christopher Columbus's mistress, Beatrice De Arana, until he transferred to the Franciscan monastery of La Rabida, at the urging of Father Juan Perez and friar Horacio Crassocius, prominent Franciscans and occasional priests to his father.[4] [5]

Ferdinand and Diego had been pages to Prince Don Juan, then became pages to Queen Isabella in 1497.[6]

Viceroy of the Indies

His residence the Alcázar de Colón

In August 1508, he was named Governor of the Indies, the post his father had held, arriving in Santo Domingo in July 1509. He established his home (the Alcázar de Colón), which still stands in Santo Domingo, in what is now the Dominican Republic. In 1511 as Viceroy of the Indies, Diego Columbus commissioned Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar to go on an expedition from Santo Domingo to the newly acquired Spanish island of Cuba.[7]

According to Floyd, Diego "...was accompanied by a splendid entourage: his wife, Doña Maria, the first gran dama of the New World, the Duke of Alba's niece, with her own suite of doncellas; and his immediate relatives - Fernando his half-brother, his two uncles, Diego and Bartolomé, and his cousins, Andrea and Giovanni. Also on the expedition were his criados and his father's old retainers: Marcos de Aguilar, his forthright alcalde mayor, Diego Mendez, his business manager, and Gerónimo de Agüero, his former tutor. Other loyal Colombistas met him at Santo Domingo - his uncle by marriage, Francisco de Garay, whom he named alguacil mayor, and Bartolomé's criados, Miguel Díaz, Diego Velázquez, and Juan Cerón. His coming represented the permanent establishment of the most titled and notable family in the islands, at least for many years."[2]: 137 

In 1511, a royal council declared

Viceroy and admiral were hereditary, though honorific. Furthermore, Diego had the right to one-tenth of the net royal income. However, factions soon formed between those loyal to Diego and Ferdinand's royal officials. Matters deteriorated to the point that Ferdinand recalled Diego in 1514. Diego then spent the next five years in Spain "futilely pressing his claims." Finally, in 1520, Diego's powers were restored by Charles.[2]
: 143–144, 148, 197 

Diego returned to Santo Domingo on 12 November 1520 in the midst of a native revolt against Spanish rule in the area of the

Cumana River, which was the site of Spanish slave raids, alongside the salt and pearl trades. Diego sent Gonzalo de Ocampo on a punitive expedition with 200 men and 6 ships. Then in 1521, Diego invested in Bartolomé de las Casas' enterprise to settle the Cumana area. That failure, blamed on Diego, meant the loss of the king's confidence. That loss, plus Diego's defiance of royal power on Cuba, forced Charles to reprimand Diego in 1523 and recall him back to Spain.[2]
: 204–210, 213, 215 

The first major slave rebellion in the Americas occurred in Santo Domingo on 26 December 1522, when enslaved Jolof laborers working on Diego's sugar plantation started a revolt. During the rebellion, many formerly enslaved insurgents managed to escape into the mountainous interior of the colony, where they established independent maroon communities amongst the surviving Taíno. However, a lot of rebels were captured, and the Admiral had them hanged.[8][9]

Death and legacy

After his death, a compromise was reached in 1536 in which his son,

estate of 25 square leagues on the Isthmus of Panama, then called Veragua, and the titles of Duke of Veragua and Marquess
of Jamaica.

After Columbus's death on February 23, 1526, in Spain, the rents, offices and titles in the New World went into dispute by his descendants.

Marriage and children

He initially planned to marry Mencia de Guzman, daughter of the

María de Toledo y Rojas (c. 1490 – May 11, 1549), who secured the transportation and burial of her father-in-law, Christopher Columbus, in Santo Domingo. She was the daughter of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 1st Lord of Villoria, son of García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba, and his first wife María de Rojas, and had the following children:[11]

See also

  • List of Viceroys of New Spain
  • Viceroyalty of New Spain

References

  1. New International Encyclopedia
    (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  2. ^ a b c d Floyd, Troy (1973). The Columbus Dynasty in the Caribbean, 1492-1526. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 31.
  3. Encyclopedia Britannica
    .
  4. ^ Barry, J.J.. The Life of Christopher Columbus, Loreto Publications, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central. pp. 72
  5. ^ The Life Of Christopher Columbus From His Own Letters And Journals by Edward Everett Hale
  6. ^ Columbus, Ferdinand (1959). The Life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by his son Ferdinand. New Brunswick: Rutgers, The State University. p. 175.
  7. ^ Francis, J. Michael (2017). Latin American History: Encyclopedia of Pre-Colonial Latin America (Prehistory to 1550s). Facts on File.
  8. ^ Stevens-Acevedo, Anthony (2019). The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas (PDF). New York, USA: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute.
  9. ^ Jose Franco, Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 35.
  10. ISBN 9780806129341
    .
  11. ^ "GeneAll.net - Diego Colón, 1. duque de Veragua".
  12. ^ Inclan, John D. "The Descendants of Christopher Columbus, Admiral of the Ocean Seas".
  13. ^ Winsor, Justin (1891), Christopher Columbus and how He Received and Imparted the Spirit of Discovery, Chadwyck-Healey Ltd., pp. 526–527

External links

Government offices
Preceded by
Governor of the Indies

1509–1511 		Extinct
Military offices
Preceded by Admiral of the Indies
1508–1526 		Succeeded by
Luis Colón de Toledo
Regnal titles
In abeyance
Title last held by
Christopher Columbus
Viceroy of the Indies

1511–1526 		Extinct
Spanish nobility
New title
Duke of Veragua

1509–1526 		Succeeded by
Luis Colón de Toledo
Marquis of Jamaica
1509–1526
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