Riksdag of the Estates

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Riksdag of the Estates" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Politics of Sweden
Basic Laws Instrument of Government Act of Succession Freedom of the Press Act Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression
Monarchy King (list): Carl XVI Gustaf Crown Princess: Victoria Royal family Royal Court Marshal of the Realm: Fredrik Wersäll
Executive Government: Kristersson cabinet list): Ulf Kristersson Deputy Prime Minister: Ebba Busch Government offices Ministries Government agencies
Legislature Riksdag Speaker: Andreas Norlén Deputy Speakers 1st — Åsa Lindestam 2nd — Lotta Johnsson Fornarve 3rd — Kerstin Lundgren Membership Current members National apportionment Committees War Delegation
Judiciary Supreme Court Courts of appeal District courts Supreme Administrative Court Administrative courts of appeal Administrative courts Council on Legislation Judicial review
Elections Political parties Recent elections General: 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 European: 2009 2014 2019 2024 Local: 2014 2018 Referendums
Administrative divisions Counties County administrative boards Regional councils Municipalities
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Tobias Billström Diplomatic missions of / in Sweden Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Sweden–NATO relations China–Sweden relations Denmark–Sweden relations Finland–Sweden relations France–Sweden relations Germany–Sweden relations Italy–Sweden relations Norway–Sweden relations Russia–Sweden relations Sweden–Turkey relations Sweden–United Kingdom relations Sweden–United States relations Politics of the European Union
Related topics Sámi Parliament Armed Forces Police Authority
Sweden portal Other countries
v t e

Riksdag of the Estates (

• Nobility
• Clergy
• Burghers
• Peasants

The inclusion of a fourth estate, Bondeståndet, is a peculiarity of the Swedish realm, with few parallels in Europe. The English word peasant is however an inexact translation, as it did not include the entire peasantry, as it is usually defined in an English context. It did not include unlanded or semi-landed groups such as crofters, lodgers and seasonal labourers and of the three categories of Swedish bönder, that is peasants, it included only two. Those were the skattebönder ("tax peasants"), yeomen who owned their own land and were taxed, as well as the kronobönder ("Crown farmers" or "farmers of the Crown"), who farmed land owned by the Crown. The third group, the frälsebönder ("farmers of the nobility/gentry"), who farmed land owned by the nobility, were not represented, as they were considered to be represented by their landowners.

Important assemblies

The meeting at Arboga in 1435 is usually considered to be the first Riksdag, but there is no indication that the fourth estate, the farmers, were represented there.^{[citation needed]}

• The actual first meeting is likely the one that took place at Uppsala in 1436 after the death of the rebel leader Engelbrekt.
• At the Riksdag in 1517, regent Sten Sture the Younger and the Privy Council deposed archbishop Gustav Trolle.
• At
  Catholicism
  .
• At Västerås in 1544, an order of royal succession was adopted, abolishing elective monarchy in Sweden.
• At Arboga in 1561, the term Riksdag was used for the first time.^[1]
• At
  Catholic and the king of both Sweden and Poland
  .
• In 1612 the Riksdag gave the nobility the privilege and right to hold all higher offices of government, after successful lobbying by the
  Gustavus II Adolfus
  ).
• The first open conflict between the different estates happened in 1650, when the three lower estates attacked the nobility's privileges. Queen
  Carl Gustav
  as her heir. When she abdicated in 1654, he succeeded her as Carl X Gustav.
• At the Riksdag in 1680 a large scale
  reduction (a return of lands to the Crown earlier granted to the nobility) was enacted, and Sweden became an absolute monarchy
  . The King's absolute power was confirmed when the Riksdag of the Estates in 1693 officially proclaimed that the king was the sole ruler of Sweden.
• In 1719, the Riksdag elected
  Ulrika Eleonora
  as heir in place of her older sister's son, and Ulrika Eleonora accepted a new constitution restoring the powers of the Riksdag.
• In 1771–1772, when
  Gustavus III after his Revolution of 1772 introduced a new Instrument of Government
  .
• In 1789, the Riksdag accepted an addition to the instrument of government from 1772. This new law, the Union and Security Act, abolished most noble privileges and commoners, regardless of rank, could hold virtually any office Sweden.
• In 1809, the Riksdag elected
  constitution
  that ended Sweden's second Autocracy (1789–1809).
• At the sessions in 1634, 1719, 1720, 1772 and 1809 new constitutions were adopted.

Replaced by the new Riksdag

The

Following the

• History of Sweden
• History of Finland
• History of the Riksdag
• Riksdagsmusiken

Literature

• Stig Hadenius, The Riksdag in Focus: Swedish History in a Parliamentary Perspective, Coronet Books Incorporated, 1997. ^{[ISBN missing]}

References