Diffuser (optics)

In

opal glass

, and greyed glass.

Types

Perfect reflecting diffuser

A perfect (reflecting) diffuser (PRD) is a theoretical perfectly white surface with Lambertian reflectance (its brightness appears the same from any angle of view). It does not absorb light, giving back 100% of the light it receives.^[1] Reflective diffusers can be easily characterised by scatterometers.^[2]

Diffractive diffuser/homogenizer

A diffractive diffuser is a kind of

monochromatic light, giving it a specific spatial configuration and intensity profile. Diffractive diffusers are commonly used in commercially available LED illumination systems. Usually, the diffuser material is GaN or fused silica with processed rough surfaces. LED diffusers can be characterized online using scatterometry-based metrology.^[3]^[2]

Applications

Diffusion filters may be used to diffuse the light falling on the subject, or placed between the camera and the subject for a hazy effect.

Lighting diffusers, transmitting and reflecting

A flash diffuser (also called a speedlight diffuser, or shoot-through diffuser) spreads the light from the

Shōji

are diffusing window/doors.

Reflecting diffusers for photography are generally called "reflectors".

In effect, the light will not come from one concentrated source (like a

photographers

, since harsh light and hard shadows are usually not considered flattering in a portrait.

Diffuser on a camera flash. Made from a sheet of paper, a rubber band, and two staples.
A more formal diffuser filter over a camera flash, flanked by reflectors
Flash diffuser to be mounted on a camera
Softbox diffuser; a larger area spreads the light more
A lighting technician holds a reflector to diffuse the light falling on a politician
A home-made lightbox, designed to produce images with diffuse lighting from all angles
Lightbox photography
Both transmitting (softbox) and reflecting diffusors are used to light wagashi for a television program
Studio lights, one white, two metallized
Theatrical colour magazine or boomerang. Placed in front of a stage light, it gives quick changes in lighting gel, including a diffusion filter
Shōji

Objective-lens filters

lomo

effect.

"Diffusion filter" may also refer to a

camera lens, a diffusion filter softens subjects and generates a dreamy haze. This effect can also be improvised by smearing petroleum jelly on a UV filter or shooting through a nylon stocking. Diffusion filters may be uniform or may have a clear center area to create a vignette

of diffused area around the clear center subject.

Diffuser materials

Silk sheets can also be used as diffusers, and in fact were until the invention of translucent plastics. "Opal" is a common translucent or

opalescent

diffusion.

Recently, photopolymers have been used for making holographic diffusers. Photopolymers offer better performance than other materials and have a large viewing angle. Also, the process of synthesizing photopolymers is much simpler.

References

ISBN 0-470-01216-1
.

^ ^a ^b "Page Title". www.zebraoptical.com.

^ Walecki, Wojciech, and Peter Walecki. "Robust diffuser and roughness metrology tool for LED manufacturing." SPIE OPTO. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diffuser_(optics)&oldid=1186385564"

[1] ISBN 0-470-01216-1
.

[zebraoptical.com-2] "Page Title". www.zebraoptical.com.

[3] Walecki, Wojciech, and Peter Walecki. "Robust diffuser and roughness metrology tool for LED manufacturing." SPIE OPTO. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015.

[1]

[2]

[3]