Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a
Production
Diglycerides are a minor component of many
Food additive
Diglycerides, generally in a mix with
Biological functions
Protein kinase C activation
In biochemical signaling, diacylglycerol functions as a
Munc13 activation
Diacylglycerol has been shown to exert some of its excitatory actions on vesicle release through interactions with the presynaptic priming protein family Munc13. Binding of DAG to the C1 domain of Munc13 increases the fusion competence of synaptic vesicles resulting in potentiated release.
Diacylglycerol can be mimicked by the tumor-promoting compounds phorbol esters.[7]
Other
In addition to activating PKC, diacylglycerol has a number of other functions in the cell:
- a source for prostaglandins
- a precursor of the 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- an activator of a subfamily of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) cation channels, TRPC3/6/7.
Metabolism
Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with
Dietary fat is mainly composed of
Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position.[8]
Diacylglycerol can be phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid by diacylglycerol kinase.
Insulin resistance
Activation of
See also
References
- ^ "Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents". World Health Organization.
- ^ S2CID 84353775.
- S2CID 86604260.
- S2CID 4061326.
- S2CID 84808531.
- PMID 3275491.
- ISBN 0-7167-8724-5.[page needed]
- ^ PMID 20376053.
- PMID 27760050.