Diluent
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A diluent (also referred to as a filler, dilutant or thinner) is a diluting agent. Certain fluids are too viscous to be pumped easily or too dense to flow from one particular point to the other. This can be troublesome, because it might not be economically feasible to transport such fluids in this state. To ease this restricted movement, diluents are added. This decreases the viscosity of the fluids, thereby also decreasing the pumping/transportation costs.
One industrial application is the transport of
Types of diluents more familiar to the general public include
Water is probably the most common and familiar diluent, but many substances, such as oils, do not dissolve well in water and therefore require different diluents to be diluted effectively without separating into parts.
Medications
Diluents are also very important in the pharmaceutical industry. They are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug. For example, a Tylenol 325 mg tablet does not weigh 325 mg. This is the weight of the active acetaminophen, while the tablet weighs more due to other additives known as diluents. These additives may be used as binders, disintegrants (help the tablet break apart in the digestive system), or flavor enhancers. Some very common diluents in tablets include starch, cellulose derivatives, and magnesium stearate (a lubricant). (See also Excipient.)
Diluents are also used in vaccines such as MMR to reconstitute the vaccine after storage.[3]
Breathing gas
In
Helium is also useful as a breathing gas diluent to reduce work of breathing of gases, both at high ambient pressures, and for medical purposes, but it is an expensive gas, which limits its utility.
Drugs
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The
References
- JGC Corporation: 3. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
- ^ https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/su/d3su00078h#!divCitation https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SU00078H Mark R. StJ. Foreman, Richard K. Johansson, Gloria Mariotti, Ingmar Persson, Behabitu E. Tebikachew and Mikhail S. Tyumentsev, RSC Sustainability 2024
- ^ Storage and handling of MMR vaccine
- ^ Sonntagsblitz, July 10, 2005: Im Wein war nicht nur Wahrheit Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine ("In wine was not only truth") (in German)