Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie Cantemir | |
---|---|
Prince of Moldavia | |
Reign | 1710–1711 |
Predecessor | Nicholas Mavrocordatos |
Successor | Lupu Costachi |
Born | 26 October 1673 Silișteni (now Dimitrie Cantemir), Vaslui County |
Died | 21 August 1723 (aged 49) Dmitrovsk, Oryol Oblast |
Burial | |
Spouse | Casandra Cantacuzino Anastasiya Trubetskaya |
Issue | Matei Șerban Maria Cantemir Constantin Antiochus Kantemir Ekaterina Golitsyna |
House | Cantemirești |
Father | Constantin Cantemir |
Mother | Ana Bantaș |
Dimitrie or Demetrius
Name
Dimitrie is the
Life
Dimitrie was born in
Although Constantin himself was illiterate, he educated his sons Dimitrie and Antioh thoroughly. Dimitrie learned Greek and Latin to read the classics as a child. One of his tutors was the scholar John Komnenos Molyvdos. Between 1687 and 1710, Dimitrie spent most of his time as a hostage or envoy in Constantinople, living in the palace he owned, where he learned Turkish and studied Ottoman history at the Patriarchate's Greek Academy.[citation needed] While there, he also composed Ottoman music.[5]
Upon Constantin's death in 1693, Dimitrie briefly succeeded him to the voivodeship but was passed over within three weeks in favor of
In 1710, Dimitrie was appointed voivode in his own right. Believing Ottoman Turkey to be collapsing,
In Russia, Dimitrie was created both a Russian prince (
Family
Cantemir was married twice: to Princess Cassandra
Historical works
Cantemir was a polyglot known as one of the greatest linguists of his time, speaking and writing eleven languages. Well versed in Oriental scholarship, his oeuvre is voluminous, diverse, and original, although some of his scientific writings contain unconfirmed theories or simple inaccuracies. Between 1711 and 1719 he wrote his most important creations. In 1714,
Cantemir's best-known history work was his History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire[1] (the original title was in Latin, Historia incrementorum atque decrementorum Aulae Othomanicae[9]). This volume circulated throughout Europe in manuscript for a number of years. It was finally printed in 1734 in London[10] and was later translated and printed in Germany[11] and France.[12] It remained the seminal work on the Ottoman Empire up to the middle of the 19th century; notably, it was used as a reference for Edward Gibbon's own Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Later scholarship contests many points owing to the dubiousness of some of Cantemir's sources.
He also published the first critical history of Romania as a whole,[1] the Chronicle of the Antiquity of the Romano-Moldavo-Wallachians (Hronicul vechimei a romano-moldo-vlahilor), from 1719 to 1722. It asserted the Latin origin of the Romanian language and the Roman origin of the people living within the former land of Dacia.[13]
Cantemir wrote his
His 1705 roman à clef A Hieroglyphic History[15] was the first Romanian novel, representing the history of the Wallachian Brâncoveanu and Cantacuzino dynasties through allegorical and mythological animals.
He also wrote an introduction to Islam for Europeans, a biography of Jan Baptist van Helmont,[16] a philosophical treatise in Romanian and Greek,[17][18][19] and an unfinished second treatise on the Undepictable Image of Sacred Science.[20][21]
Due to his many esteemed works he won great renown at the high courts of Europe. His name is among those who were considered to be the brightest minds of the world on a plaque at the Library of Sainte-Genevieve in
, and other great thinkers.Musical works
A few of Cantemir's roughly forty Ottoman compositions are still performed today as part of the Turkish repertoire, but his greatest service was in preserving 350 traditional instrumental pieces by publishing them in a musical notation he developed from the Ottoman Turkish alphabet in his work Edvar-i Musiki, offered as a present to Sultan Ahmed III in 1703 or 1704 and recently reprinted with modern explanations.[22]
In 1999, the Bezmara ensemble recorded Yitik Sesin Peşinde ("In Search of the Lost Sound") from the Cantemir transcriptions using period instruments.[23] His compositions, those of his European contemporaries and Moldavian folk music of the period were explored on Cantemir (Golden Horn Records, 2000) performed by İhsan Özgen and the Lux Musica ensemble under Linda Burman-Hall's direction.[24] Seven of Cantemir's compositions were also featured on Hespèrion XXI's 2009 Istanbul, under the direction of Jordi Savall, with focus on Cantemir's “Book of the Science of Music”.[25]
Istanbul Museum
One of the houses inhabited by Dimitrie Cantemir during his exile in Constantinople was restored and opened as a museum in 2007.[26] It lies in Fener quarter of the walled city between Phanar College and the Golden Horn.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 28; Gaster, Moses (1911), , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 209 ,
- ISBN 9780674983922. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- .
- ^ Panaitescu, Petre P. (1958) Dimitrie Cantemir. Viaţa şi opera. (In Romanian)
- ISBN 975-7652-82-2
- ^ Lemny, Stefan (2009), Les Cantemirs: L'Aventure Européene d'une Famille Princière au XVIIIe Siecle [The Cantemirs: The European Adventure of a Princely Family in the 18th Century] (in French), Paris: Editions Complexes, p. 51
- ^ Stoica, Vasile (1919), The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands, Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Co., p. 19
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1714) Moldaviae.
- ^ Ottoman Historians. University of Chicago
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1734) History of Othman Empire. London
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1745) Geschichte des osmanischen Reichs nach seinem Anwachsen und Abnehmen. Hamburg.
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1743) Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman. Paris
- ^ Moldavian description prefaced by club Măciuca Constantine , Ed. Ion Creanga , Bucharest 1978.[clarification needed]
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1771) Beschreibung der Moldau. Frankfurt and Lepzig
- ^ Cantemir, Dimitrie, Istoria ieroglifică (in Romanian)
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius (1709), Ioannis Baptistae Van Helmont Physices Universalis Doctrine et Christianae Fidei Congrua et Necessaria Philosophia (in Latin), Wallachia
- ^ Cantemir, Dimitrie (1698), Divanul sau Gâlceava Înțeleptului cu lumea sau Giudețul sufletului cu trupul (in Romanian), Iași
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius, Le Divan ou La Dispute du Sage avec le Monde ou Le Jugement de l'Âme avec le Corps (in French)
- ^ Cantemir, Demetrius, The Divan or The Wise Man's Parley with the World or The Judgement of the Soul with the Body
- ^ Cantemir, Dimitrie (1700), Imaginea științei sacre, care nu se poate zugrăvi (in Romanian), Constantinople
- ^ Cantemir, Dimitrie, Sacrosantae Scientiae Indepingibilis Imago (in Latin)
- ISBN 975-08-0167-9. (in Turkish)
- ^ Bezmara (1999). In Search of the Lost Sound (album booklet). Istanbul: Kalan Müzik. EAN 8691834003576.
- ^ Lux Musica (2000). Cantemir: Music in Istanbul and Ottoman Europe around 1700 (album booklet). Santa Cruz, CA: Golden Horn.
- Alia Vox.
- ^ Simina, Stan. "Dimitrie Cantemir are un muzeu în Istanbul". jurnalul.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-5-7873-0436-7)
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External links
- Greek Turkish friendship through music
- Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy of the Cantemir family". Genealogy.EU.