Diprotodontidae

Diprotodontidae Temporal range: Late Oligocene–Late Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Restoration of Diprotodon
Fossil of Zygomaturus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Infraclass:	Marsupialia
Order:	Diprotodontia
Superfamily:	† Diprotodontoidea
Family:	†Diprotodontidae Gill, 1872
Subfamilies & genera
See text

Diprotodontidae is an

The family primarily consisted of large quadrupedal terrestrial browsers, notably including the largest marsupial that ever lived, the rhino-sized Diprotodon.^[2] Nimbadon, which is often considered a basal diprotodontid, was arboreal.^[3] Diprotodontids were plantigrade (foot and toes flat relative to the ground). In most diprotodontids, the forelimbs were not specialised and were capable of being used for functions other than movement. Some later diprotodontids from the Pliocene onwards like Ambulator and Diprotodon developed elephant-like forelimbs specialised for walking with modified wristbones which functioned as a heel, along with the development of footpads, which means that the digits probably did not contact the ground, as evidenced by the lack of toes on footprints of Diprotodon.^[4][5] In at least some representatives of the clade, the inside of the skull was lightened by large interior sinus spaces.^[6]

Ecology

At least some diprotodontids such as Diprotodon are thought to have lived in herds.^[7]

Taxonomy

Diprotodontids are members of the

• Alkwertatherium
• Ambulator
• Diprotodon
• Euowenia
• Euryzygoma
• Meniscolophus
• ?Nimbadon
• Nototherium
• Pyramios
• Sthenomerus
• Zygomaturinae
  • †Hulitherium
  • †Kolopsis
  • †Kolopsoides
  • †Maokopia
  • †Neohelos
  • †Plaisiodon
  • †Raemeotherium
  • †Silvabestius
  • †Zygomaturus

Evolutionary history

The group first appeared during the Late Oligocene, with representatives that were mostly sheep-sized, and substantially diversified beginning during the Late Miocene, reaching an apex of diversity during the Pliocene with seven genera, likely due to the increase of open forested landscapes. The last known members of the group including Diprotodon and Zygomaturus from mainland Australia, and Hulitherium and Maokopia from New Guinea became extinct during the Late Pleistocene around 40,000 years ago, after the arrival of humans to Australia-New Guinea.^[9]

References