Directorial system

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A directorial system is a regime ruled by a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state and/or a head of government.

Current directorial systems

Directorial republic in Switzerland

One country now using this form of government is

Swiss Federal Council is elected by the Federal Assembly for four years, and is composed of seven members, among whom one is president and one is vice-president on a rotating basis, although these positions are symbolic in normal circumstances. The link between the Swiss managerial system and the presidential system is even more evident for the cantonal governments, where currently all directors are all individually directly elected by the voters.[3]

History

In political history, the term directory, in French directoire, is applied to high collegial institutions of state composed of members styled director. Early directorial systems were the Ambrosian Republic (1447-1450), the Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620), New England Confederation (1643–1686), partially in First Stadtholderless Period of Dutch Republic (1650–1672), Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 and the Directory of 1795–1799 in France.[4]

The French Directory was inspired by the

presidentialism metric value compared to presidential systems due to lower concentration of political power in the hands of one individual.[5] Military juntas differ from the directorial system by not being elected. Utilizing sortition
to select multiple executives can lead to a directorial system.

Former directorial systems

In the past, countries with elected directories include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Switzerland | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  2. ^ Pierre Cormon (2014). Swiss Politics for Complete Beginners. Ginevra: Slatkine.
  3. S2CID 246371550
    .
  4. ^ Directory (French history) at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3066654
    – via Social Science Research Network.
  6. ^ Directory (Ukrainian ruling body) at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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