Djadochta Formation
Djadochta Formation | |
---|---|
Ma | |
Ömnögov | |
Country | Mongolia |
Thickness at type section | about 90 m (300 ft) |
The Djadochta Formation (sometimes
Excavation history
The Djadochta Formation was first documented and explored—though only a single locality—during
In 1963, the Mongolian paleontologist Demberelyin Dashzeveg reported the discovery of a new fossiliferous locality of the Djadochta Formation: Tugriken Shireh.[3] During the 1960s to 1970s, Polish-Mongolian and Russian-Mongolian paleontological expeditions collected new, partial to complete specimens of Protoceratops and Velociraptor at this locality, making these dinosaur species a common occurrence in Tugriken Shireh.[4] Some of the most notable excavations made at Tugriken Shireh include the Fighting Dinosaurs (Protoceratops and Velociraptor locked in combat),[5][6] and abundant articulated, in situ (in the original pose), and sometimes complete skeletons of Protoceratops.[7][8]
During the 1980s, a joint
In 1993 teams of a collaborative Mongolian-North American expedition (supported by the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and American Museum of Natural History) discovered a new fossil locality of the Djadochta Formation called Ukhaa Tolgod (meaning "Brown Hills"). Like previous localities, Ukhaa Tolgod has yielded a prominent abundance of well-preserved fossils, including high concentrations of mammal, dinosaur, lizard, and egg remains. A vast majority of specimens from this locality are usually found in near-complete articulation. Overall, when compared to other Mesozoic fossil sites, the diversity of fossils in Ukhaa Tolgod is unusually high.[9][10]
Description
The modern-day Djadochta Formation is set in an
- Bayn Dzak (also spelled Bain Dzak, Bayanzag, Bayn Zag, Bayan Zag, or Shabarakh Usu; locally known as Flaming Cliffs): It is dominated by reddish-orange sandstones and well-sorted, unbedded, and medium-grained sands. The thickness of the strata at the Flaming Cliffs at least more than 30 m (98 ft). Less abundant lithology of Bayn Dzak includes cemented and poorly-cemented siltstones, mudstones, and grayish conglomerates. The latter are better exposed at western escarpments of the Flaming Cliffs.[13][12] Bayn Dzak is about 90 m (300 ft) in total thickness and can be divided into two sections: alternations of horizontally-bedded sandstone and mudstone in the lowermost part, and sandstone-dominated successions in the upper or main part.[14]
- Tugriken Shireh (also spelled Tugrik, Toogreeg, Toogreek, Tugreek, Tugrug, Turgrugyin, Tugrugeen, Tögrögiin, Tugrikiin, or Tugrikin): This locality is about 30 m (98 ft) in thickness and characterized by poorly cemented, fine-grained sandstones that have colors varying from pink to yellowish-white. The predominant mineral is quartz, and lesser common minerals are represented by feldspars and lithic fragments. Both cross-stratified and structureless sandstones are scattered across Tugriken Shireh.[15][12]
- Udyn Sayr (also spelled Udan Sayr, Udan Sair, Ulaan Sair, or Üüden Sair): Sediments of this locality are exposed across a region of more than 60 km2 (23 sq mi). It is divided into lower (thickness of at least more than 10 m (33 ft)) and upper (thickness of about 50 m (160 ft)) beds. The lower beds are fluvial originated and dominated by sandstones and mudstones. The upper beds are likely of aeolian origin and consist of reddish, cross-stratified and structureless sandstones.[16]
- Ukhaa Tolgod (also spelled Oka Tolga): The strata exposed at Ukhaa Tolgod is dominated by reddish sandstones, with some sandstones containing small amounts of conglomeratic lenses and/or cobbles and pebbles. Conglomerate itself is in this site, and to a lesser level are mudstones and siltstones, which are thin and laterally restricted. Cross-stratified and fine-structured sandstones are particularly abundant at Ukhaa Tolgod.[17][10]
- Zamyn Khondt (also spelled Dzamyn Khondt, Zamin Khond, or Dzamin Khond): This locality is characterized by reddish, well-sorted, and fine-grained sandstones with calcareous concretions. Some aeolian beds are present and are finely stratified to massive, having a visible thickness of about 20 m (66 ft).[16]
Stratigraphy and age
The Djadochta Formation occurs in the
The Djadochta Formation is separated into a lower Bayn Dzak Member and an upper Turgrugyin Member, which represent very similar depositional environments.
Based on the superposition of the members, the Tugrugyin Member overlies the Bayn Dzak Member making it somewhat younger, which indicates that the Bayn Dzak paleofauna lived somewhat earlier than that from Tugriken Shireh. However, it is not yet understood the precise temporal difference:[12] Localities within the Djadochta Formation are considered to represent a sequence of progressively younger sediments and thereby paleofaunas. Ukhaa Tolgod may be younger than both Bayn Dzak and Tugriken Shireh.[18] Based on their fossil record and strata, Udyn Sayr and Zamyn Khondt have been correlated with other Djadokhta localities, though fossils of Udyn Sayr may indicate that this locality is younger than Bayn Dzak and Tugriken Shireh.[19]
Examinations on the strata of the Alag Teg (also spelled Alag Teeg or Alag Teer) locality, once considered part of this formation, indicates that it belongs to a different geological formation: the Alagteeg Formation, which is slightly older than the overlying Djadochta Formation. Based on sediments and stratigraphic relationships, the lower part of the Bayn Dzak locality is correlated with the Alag Teg locality, making both sections part of the Alagteeg Formation. The upper or main part of the former locality is considered part of the Djadochta Formation itself, as it shares similar lithology and stratigraphic relationships with Tugriken Shireh.[14]
Formation | Time period | Member | Lithology | Thickness | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barun Goyot
|
Early Maastrichtian | Poorly cemented, fine and medium-grained red to reddish-brown sandstones. | ~110 m (360 ft) | ||
Djadochta | Campanian | ||||
Turgrugyin | Pale orange to light gray (sometimes yellowish-white) sands and sandstones. | 30 m (98 ft) | |||
Bayn Dzak | Reddish-orange, crossbedded, and structureless sandstones, with minor deposits of brown siltstones and mudstones. | 90 m (300 ft) | |||
Alagteeg
|
Early Campanian Santonian |
"lower Bayn Dzak" | Alternating reddish brown mudstone and horizontally laminated sandstone, with ripple cross laminations and rhizoliths. | ~15 m (49 ft) |
Depositional environment
Based on strata and rock
Taphonomy
A vast majority of articulated specimens from the Djadochta Formation are found in unstructured sandstones, indicating burial
It has been suggested that the repeated occurrence of these feeding traces at limb joints may reflect that the responsible scavengers focused on collagen at the joint cartilage of dried dinosaur carcasses as a source of nitrogen, which was very low in the arid Djadochta Formation environments.[24]
Examinations at the fossil preservation and sediments of Ukhaa Tolgod indicates that preserved animals were buried alive by catastrophic dune collapses. It is thought to have occurred when sand dunes became oversaturated with water resulting in their sudden downfall; heavy rainfall events likely acted as the triggering mechanism for this collapse.[9][25][10] Examples from the Ukhaa Tolgod preservation include Citipati (brooding adults entombed atop nests and eggs);[26][27] Khaan (a pair in close proximity likely killed by a single collapse event);[28] and Saichangurvel (individual buried alive by a muddy dune).[29]
Paleobiota of the Djadochta Formation
Among fossils, Protoceratops is extremely common in Djadochta localities. Bayn Dzak is reported as one of the localities with the highest concentration of Protoceratops fossils and has been noted as the "Protoceratops fauna".[30] Adjacent to Bayn Dzak, at Tugriken Shireh, Protoceratops is also abundant.[15] Other common dinosaur components of the paleofauna include Pinacosaurus and Velociraptor.[11] Small vertebrates like lizards and mammals are rather abundant and diverse, with Adamisaurus and Kryptobaatar being the most abundant representatives.[29][31][30] The paleofauna of the Djadochta Formation is very similar in composition to the nearby and coeval-regarded Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia. The two formations share many of the same genera, but differ in species. For instance, the most common mammal in Djadochta is Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, while in Bayan Mandahu it is the closely related K. mandahuensis. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of Djadochta includes Protoceratops andrewsi and Velociraptor mongoliensis, which Bayan Mandahu yields P. hellenikorhinus and V. osmolskae.[20][32]
Although fossil
The relatively low
Tyrannosaurids found in the formation may belong to an indeterminate species of Tarbosaurus, possibly extending the time range of the genus.[33] It is suggested that most of the fragmented hadrosaur, tyrannosaur and sauropod remains across the formation likely belong to non-endemic, passing by species.[30]
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Flora
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radicites | R. gobiensis | Bayn Dzak | "Twenty plant roots."[34] | A tracheophyte, likely conifer .
|
Amphibians
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gobiates | Indeterminate | Udyn Sayr | "Partial skeleton with partial urostyle."[35] | A frog. |
Crocodylomorphs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artzosuchus | A. brachicephalus | Udyn Sayr | "Partial skull."[36] | A crocodylomorph .
|
|
Gobiosuchus | G. kielanae | Bayn Dzak | "Multiple specimens with partial skulls and skeletons."[37][38] | A gobisuchid. | |
G.? parvus | Udyn Sayr | "Partial skull and skeleton."[39][40] | A gobisuchid. | ||
Shamosuchus | S. djadochtaensis | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Two skulls and partial skeleton."[41][42] | A paralligatorid .
|
Lizards
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adamisaurus | A. magnidentatus | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls and skeletons from multiple specimens."[43][29] | A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation. | |
Aiolosaurus | A. oriens | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Incomplete skull and partial skeleton."[29] | A varanoid .
|
|
Carusia | C. intermedia | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls from multiple specimens."[29] | A carusiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation. | |
Cherminotus | C. longifrons | Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls and partial skeleton."[29] | A varanoid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Ctenomastax | C. parva | Zos | "Incomplete skull."[29] | An iguanid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Dzhadochtosaurus | D. giganteus | Tugriken Shireh | "Partially complete skull."[44] | A macrocephalosaur. | |
Eoxanta | E. lacertifrons | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Incomplete skull."[29] | A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Estesia | E. mongoliensis | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skulls and teeth."[29] | A monstersaur. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Flaviagama | F. dzerzhinskii | Tugriken Shireh | "Skull and two vertebrae."[45] | A priscagamid .
|
|
Globaura | G. venusta | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skulls."[29] | A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Gobiderma | G. pulchrum | Udyn Sayr, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls and skin impressions."[29] | A monstersaur. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Gobinatus | G. arenosus | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[29] | A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Hymenosaurus | H. clarki | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[29] | A scincomorph .
|
|
Isodontosaurus | I. gracilis | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod, Zos | "Numerous skulls and a partial skeleton."[29] | An iguanian. Also present in the Bayan Mandahu Formation .
|
|
Macrocephalosaurus | Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull and skeleton."[29] | A teiid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Mimeosaurus | M. crassus | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod, Zos Wash | "Partially complete skulls."[29] | An acrodont. Also present in the Bayan Mandahu Formation. | |
Myrmecodaptria | M. microphagosa | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Single skull."[29] | A gekkotan .
|
|
Ovoo
|
O. gurval | Little Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[46] | A varanid .
|
|
Parmeosaurus | P. scutatus | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Articulated skull and skeleton."[29] | A scincomorph .
|
|
Phrynosomimus | P. asper | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Two partial skulls."[29] | An acrodont. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Priscagama | P. gobiensis | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Incomplete skulls."[29] | An priscagamid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Saichangurvel | S. davidsoni | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Complete skull and skeleton in articulation."[47] | An iguanian .
|
|
Slavoia | S. darevskii | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls and skeleton."[29] | A scincomorph. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Telmasaurus | T. grangeri | Bayn Dzak | "Partial skull and skeleton."[48][29] | A varanid .
|
|
Temujinia
|
T. ellisoni | Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Several partial skulls."[29] | An iguanid .
|
|
Tchingisaurus | T. multivagus | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[29] | A teiid. | |
Unnamed scincomorph
|
Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[29] | A scincomorph .
|
|
Varanoidea indet. | Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial maxilla and vertebra."[29] | A varanoid .
|
|
Zapsosaurus | Z. sceliphros | Tugriken Shireh | "Two partial skulls."[29] | An iguanid .
|
Mammals
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asiatherium | A. reshetovi | Udyn Sayr | "Articulated skull and skeleton."[49] | A metatherian .
|
|
Bulganbaatar | B. nemegtbaataroides | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull, and other remains."[50][9] | A multituberculate .
|
|
Catopsbaatar | C. catopsaloides | Ukhaa Tolgod | Not specified.[9] | A djadochtatheriid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Chulsanbaatar | C. vulgaris | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skull and partial skeleton."[9] | A multituberculate. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Deltatheridium | D. pretrituberculare | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull and skeleton remains."[51][52] | A tribosphenid .
|
|
Deltatheroides | D. cretacicus | Bayn Dzak | "Partial skull."[51] | A djadochtatheriid .
|
|
Djadochtatherium | D. matthewi | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh | "Partial skulls."[53][54] | A djadochtatheriid .
|
|
Hyotheridium | H. dobsoni | Bayn Dzak | "Partial skull."[51] | A therian. | |
Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | Not specified.[9] | A therian. | ||
Kamptobaatar | K. kuczynskii | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull, and other remains."[55][9] | A multituberculate .
|
|
Kennalestes | K. gobiensis | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Nearly complete skull, and other remains."[56][9] | An eutherian. | |
Kryptobaatar | K. dashzevegi | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skulls and skeleton remains from several specimens."[55][31] | A djadochtatheriid. Gobibaatar and Tugrigbaatar are considered synonyms of this taxon.[57]
|
|
Maelestes | M. gobiensis | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull with skeleton."[58] | A cimolestid .
|
|
Mangasbaatar | M. udanii | Udyn Sayr | "Skulls and partial skeleton from two specimens."[59] | A djadochtatheriid .
|
|
Nemegtbaatar | N. gobiensis | Ukhaa Tolgod | Not specified.[9] | A multituberculate. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation .
|
|
Sloanbaatar | S. mirabilis | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Complete skull, and other remains."[55][9] | A multituberculate .
|
|
Tombaatar | T. sabuli | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[60] | A djadochtatheriid .
|
|
Ukhaatherium | U. nessovi | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial to nearly complete skeletons from several specimens."[61][62][63] | An eutherian .
|
|
Zalambdalestes | Z. lechei | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh | "Skulls and skeletons from several specimens."[51][64] | An eutherian .
|
Pterosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azhdarchidae indet. | Indeterminate | Tugriken Shireh | "Indeterminate bone inside the gut cavity of a Velociraptor."[65] | An azhdarchid .
|
Turtles
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanhsiungchelyidae indet. | Indeterminate | Abdrant Nuru | "Three shell fragments."[66] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
|
Indeterminate | Bayn Dzak | "Partial shells."[66] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
||
Indeterminate | Udyn Sayr | "Two shell fragments."[66] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
||
Zangerlia | Z. dzamynchondi | Zamyn Khondt | "Partial shell."[67] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
|
Z. ukhaachelys | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull and skeleton."[68] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
Dinosaurs
Alvarezsaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alvarezsauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Tugriken Shireh | "Partial skull, braincase, and skeleton elements of two specimens."[69][70] | An alvarezsaurid also known as the Tugriken Shireh alvarezsaur. Uncertainly referred as Parvicursor sp.[70]
|
|
Kol
|
K. ghuva | Ukhaa Tolgod | "A well-preserved right foot."[71] | A large alvarezsaurid. Its classification has been criticized.[72] | |
Shuvuuia | S. deserti | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Multiple specimens with skull and skeletons."[73][74][75][76][77] | An alvarezsaurid .
|
|
Undescribed Alvarezsauridae | Indeterminate | Bayn Dzak | "Partial pelvic girdle and hindlimb."[78] | An alvarezsaurid .
|
|
Indeterminate | Gilvent Wash | Not given.[76] | An alvarezsaurid .
|
Ankylosaurids
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minotaurasaurus | M. ramachandrani | Ukhaa Tolgod | [Two] complete skulls, mandibles, and first cervical half-ring.[79][80] | An ankylosaurid previously thought to be a junior synonym of Tarchia , but is now considered to be a valid and distinct taxon.
|
|
Pinacosaurus | P. grangeri | Bayn Dzak, Ukhaa Tolgod | [Three] skulls, mandibles, predentary, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, ribs, scapula, coracoids, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, femora, tibia, fibula, pelvis, manus, tail club handles, cervical half-rings, osteoderms, and a nearly complete skeleton lacking a skull.[81][82][83] | An ankylosaurid also known from the Alagteeg Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation .
|
|
Ankylosauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Zamyn Khondt | Partially complete postcranial skeleton with in situ osteoderms.[84] | Previously referred to Saichania, but is now referred to as Ankylosauridae indet., or cf. Pinacosaurus.[84] |
Birds
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apsaravis | A. ukhaana | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial postcranial skeleton."[85] | A basal ornithurine bird.
|
|
Elsornis | E. keni | Tugriken Shireh | "Partial articulated skeleton lacking the skull."[86] | An enantiornithe .
|
|
Gobipteryx | G. minuta | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull."[87] | An enantiornithine. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Protoceratopsidovum' | P. fluxuosum | Bayn Dzak | "Partial eggs."[88] | Eggs probably laid by a bird.[89] | |
P. minimum | Baga Tariach, Tugriken Shireh | "Clutch of four eggs and one pole of egg."[88] | Eggs probably laid by a bird.[89] | ||
P. sincerum | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh | "Multiple eggs and shells."[88] | Eggs probably laid by a bird.[89] | ||
Styloolithus | S. sabathi | Bayn Dzak | "Partial to complete eggs."[89] | Eggs probably laid by a bird. |
Ceratopsians
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bainoceratops | B. efremovi | Bayn Dzak | "Partial vertebrae."[90] | A protoceratopsid. May be synonymous with Protoceratops.[91]
|
|
Bagaceratops | Indeterminate | Udyn Sayr | "Skull with partial skeleton."[19] | A protoceratopsid. Indeterminate between Bagaceratops and Protoceratops.[19]
|
|
Protoceratops | P. andrewsi | Bayn Dzak, Tugriken Shireh, Udyn Sayr, Zamyn Khondt | "Multiple partial to complete specimens."[92][7][93][8][19] | A protoceratopsid .
|
|
P. hellenikorhinus | Bor Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr | "Partial cranial remains."[94] | A protoceratopsid .
|
||
Protoceratopsidae indet. | Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Numerous skulls and remains."[95][96] | A protoceratopsid .
|
|
Udanoceratops | U. tschizhovi | Udyn Sayr | "Skull and fragmented skeleton elements."[97] | A giant leptoceratopsid .
|
Dromaeosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsaagan | T. mangas | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skull and partial skeleton."[98] | A dromaeosaurid
|
|
Velociraptor | V. mongoliensis | Bayn Dzak, Chimney Buttes, Gilvent Wash, Tugriken Shireh, Udyn Sayr, Ukhaa Tolgod | "Multiple partial to complete specimens."[99][100][101][102][103][104] | A dromaeosaurid .
|
|
Undescribed Dromaeosauridae | Indeterminate | Abdrant Nuru | "Claw."[105] | A dromaeosaurid .
|
|
Indeterminate | Zos Wash | "Frontal region."[98] | A |
Hadrosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hadrosauroidea indet. | Indeterminate | Tugriken Shireh | "Fragmented remains from juveniles."[106][107] | A hadrosauroid .
|
|
Plesiohadros | P. djadokhtaensis | Alag Teeg | "Skull and partial body elements."[107] | A hadrosauroid. Actually hails from the Alagteeg Formation.[108]
|
Halszkaraptorines
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halszkaraptor | H. escuilliei | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skeleton with complete skull."[109] | A halszkaraptorine .
|
|
Mahakala
|
M. omnogovae | Tugriken Shireh | "Fragmented skull and skeleton."[110] | A halszkaraptorine .
|
Ornithomimosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aepyornithomimus | A. tugrikinensis | Tugriken Shireh | "Nearly complete foot."[111] | An ornithomimid .
|
|
Ornithomimosauria indet. | Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial braincase, jaw tips, ribs, and vertebral fragments".[112][113] | An ornithomimid .
|
Oviraptorosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avimimus | A. portentonsus | Udyn Sayr | "Partial skull and skeleton."[114][115] | An avimimid. Its locality origin has been disputed and may hail from the Nemegt Formation.[116]
|
|
Citipati
|
C. osmolskae | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Multiple specimens with partial to nearly complete skeletons, an embryo, eggs and nesting individuals."[117][118][119][27] | An oviraptorid .
|
|
Elongatoolithus | E. frustrabilis | ||||
E. subtitectorius | |||||
Khaan | K. mckennai | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Several specimens with partial to complete skeletons and skulls."[118][120][28] | An oviraptorid .
|
|
Macroolithus | M. mutabilis | "Eggs." | Eggs probably laid by an oviraptorid
|
||
Oviraptor | O. philoceratops | Bayn Dzak | "Partial skeleton with skull, associated with a nest and juvenile."[121][119][27] | An oviraptorid .
|
|
Oviraptoridae indet. | Indeterminate | Zamyn Khondt | "Nearly complete skeleton with skull."[122] | An | |
Indeterminate | Zamyn Khondt | "Nearly complete skull with atlas and axis."[123] | An oviraptorid .
|
||
Indeterminate | Udyn Sayr | "Assemblage of individuals."[27] | An oviraptorid .
|
||
Indeterminate | Not specified. | "Two skulls with characteristic high crest."[124][125][126] | An oviraptorid .
|
Pachycephalosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goyocephale | G. lattimorei | Boro Khovil | "Partial skull and skeleton."[127] | A |
Troodontids
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almas | A. ukhaa | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skull with partial skeleton."[129] | A troodontid .
|
|
Archaeornithoides | A. deinosauriscus | Bayn Dzak | "Partial skull."[130] | A | |
Byronosaurus | B. jaffei | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Skull and fragmentary skeleton."[132] | A troodontid .
|
|
Gobivenator | G. mongoliensis | Zamyn Khondt | "Almost complete skeleton."[133] | A troodontid .
|
|
Saurornithoides | S. mongoliensis | Bayn Dzak | "Skull with fragmentary skeleton."[134] | A troodontid .
|
|
Troodontidae indet. | Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skeleton."[135] | A troodontid .
|
|
Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Juvenile skulls, skeleton, and one nest."[136][131] | A | ||
Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Fragmented skull and skeleton remains."[138] | A | ||
Indeterminate | Ukhaa Tolgod | "Partial skull and skeletons from two specimens."[74] | A troodontid .
|
Tyrannosaurids
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tyrannosauridae indet. |
Indeterminate | Bayn Dzak | Not specified.[32] | A tyrannosaurid .
|
|
Indeterminate | Khongil | "Supraorbital, vertebra, rib, femur and metatarsals."[139] | A tyrannosaurid .
|
||
Indeterminate | Not specified. | "Partial right ilium."[140] | A tyrannosaurid .
|
||
Indeterminate | Not specified. | "Teeth."[20] | A tyrannosaurid .
|
Sauropods
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sauropoda indet. | Indeterminate | Not specified.[141] | Not specified.[141] | A sauropod .
|
Gallery
See also
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- Barun Goyot Formation
- Bayan Mandahu Formation
- Nemegt Formation
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