Djuanda Kartawidjaja

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this Indonesian name, there is no family name. The name Kartawidjaja is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Djuanda.

Raden
Djuanda Kartawidjaja
Official portrait of Djuanda
Official portrait, 1959
11th Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office
9 April 1957 – 9 July 1959
PresidentSukarno
Deputy
Preceded byAli Sastroamidjojo
Succeeded by
Ministerial offices
Ad interim
In office
29 January 1948 – 4 August 1949
Preceded byHerling Laoh
Succeeded byHerling Laoh
Personal details
Born(1911-01-14)14 January 1911
Tasikmalaya, Preanger Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died7 November 1963(1963-11-07) (aged 52)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Alma materTechnische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng

Djuanda Kartawidjaja (

several cabinets
.

Born into a

Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng in Bandung. He then worked as a teacher and later an engineer. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, he joined the newly-formed Republican government and served in several cabinets, mostly in economic portfolios. In 1957, Djuanda was appointed prime minister by Sukarno following the inability of the parties to form a cabinet. As prime minister, he is remembered for his role in proclaiming the Djuanda Declaration [id]. In 1959, Sukarno appointed
himself prime minister but retained Djuanda as first minister with much the same duties as before. He died in 1963.

Djuanda's death and the abolition of the post of Prime Minister in the Indonesian Republican system allowed far greater power to be exercised by the President, now being given full ruling power with minimal oversight, as both Head of State and Head of Government. This had an enormous impact on Indonesian politics, allowing the constitutional legality of the autocracy of Sukarno and Suharto, also contributing to the absence of an economic policy in the later years of Sukarno's Guided Democracy.

Since his death, various landmarks have been named in his honor, including

Indonesian rupiah banknotes
.

Early life

Djuanda Kartawidjaja was born on 14 January 1911, in

Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now the Bandung Institute of Technology), majoring in civil engineering. While a student, he was also active in non-political organizations such as the Paguyuban Pasundan and Muhammadiyah organizations. He graduated from the Bandung Institute of Technology in 1933.[2][3]

Early career

He became a teacher at a Muhammadiyah Islamic School in Batavia (now Jakarta), eventually becoming the principal of the school. In 1937, he became an engineer in the West Java Water Conservancy Bureau. In 1939, he became a senior advisor to the bureau. In addition, he also actively participated in the work of the Batavia Municipal Council.[1] In 1942, the Japanese Empire invaded and occupied the Dutch East Indies. The Japanese changed Batavia to its current name Jakarta. In the same year, Juanda participated in the Jakarta City Council election but was not elected.[4][5]

National revolution

Further information: Indonesian National Revolution

In 1943, the Japanese appointed Indonesian advisors (sanyo) to the administration and appointed nationalist leader Sukarno leader of a new Central Advisory Board (Chuo Sani-kai) in Jakarta. On 7 August, the day after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) or PPKI was established. Sukarno was chairman, and Mohammad Hatta as vice chairman. On 19 August 1945, this body created 12 ministries for Indonesia's first cabinet, the Presidential cabinet.

Juanda was known as the "marathon minister." In the

Ministry of Communications. In the third cabinet of Sjahrir, he joined the cabinet again and was promoted to minister of transportation.[6]
Apart from being the Minister of Transportation, he also held other strategic positions, including the Minister of Water, Prosperity, Finance and Defense.

He was also trusted to lead Dutch negotiations, one of which was negotiations at the Round Table Conference. During the conference, Djuanda was sent to be the Chair of the Economic and Finance Committee for the Indonesian Delegation. In the negotiations, the Netherlands officially recognized the independence of the Indonesian government.

Djuanda was also entrusted to lead the Japanese Railways Bureau. This was followed by the takeover of the Mining Bureau, Municipality, Residency and military objects in North Bandung Warehouse. After carrying out this task, he was appointed Head of the Railway Bureau for the

Madura
regions.

Political career (1950–1963)

Prime Minister of Indonesia

Djuanda declaration

Djuanda Cabinet

The Djuanda Declaration which was initiated on 13 December 1957 by Djuanda. This declaration stated to the world that the Indonesian seas included the seas around, between and within the Indonesian archipelago into one unitary territory of the Republic of Indonesia or in the convention on the law of the sea. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is known as an archipelagic state.

The content of this Juanda Declaration states:

  1. That Indonesia declares as an archipelagic country that has its own style
  2. That since time immemorial, the archipelago has been a single entity
  3. The provisions of the 1939 Ordinance concerning the Ordinance, can divide the territorial integrity of Indonesia. The declaration contains a purpose:
    1. To realize the form of the territory of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia which is complete and round
    2. To determine the boundaries of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the principles of the Archipelago State
    3. To regulate peaceful shipping traffic that further ensures the security and safety of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia

The statement read by Djuanda became the legal basis for the drafting of the law used to replace the Territoriale Zee en Maritime Kringen Ordonantie in 1939.

Death (1963)

On the afternoon of 6 November 1963, Djuanda, accompanied by his wife and daughter, went to a hotel in Jakarta to participate in the opening ceremony. He fell suddenly at 11:25 p.m., and his pulse stopped 20 minutes later. His personal doctor rushed to the scene and gave him artificial respiration, but it was unsuccessful. On 7 November, the Indonesian government announced that Djuanda died of a heart attack.

Legacy

rupiah
banknote featuring Djuanda Kartawidjaja, issued in 2022

After his death, Djuanda was appointed a national figure, based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 224/1963.

Indonesian rupiah banknotes.[7]

Honours

References

  1. ^ a b "Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jawa Barat". dishut.jabarprov.go.id. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Profil - Djuanda Kartawidjaja". merdeka.com. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  3. ^ "Djuanda Kartawidjaja". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  4. OCLC 643403609
    .
  5. OCLC 32011435.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  6. ISBN 979-428-499-8
    (Indonesian).
  7. ^ Angga Aliya ZRF (19 December 2016). "Rupiah Desain Baru Terbit Hari Ini". detikfinance. Retrieved 26 January 2017.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1959" (PDF).

Bibliography

Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Indonesia
9 April 1957 – 9 July 1959 		Succeeded by
Abolished (de jure)
Sukarno (de facto)
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