Dniester
Dniester | |
---|---|
Eastern Beskids (Ukrainian Carpathians) | |
• coordinates | 49°12′44″N 22°55′40″E / 49.21222°N 22.92778°E |
• elevation | 900 m (3,000 ft) |
Mouth | Black Sea |
• location | Odesa Oblast |
• coordinates | 46°21′0″N 30°14′0″E / 46.35000°N 30.23333°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Length | 1,362 km (846 mi) |
Basin size | 68,627 km2 (26,497 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• average | 310 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | Murafa, Smotrych, Zbruch, Seret, Strypa, Zolota Lypa, Stryi |
• right | Botna, Bîc, Răut, Svicha, Lomnytsia, Ichel |
Official name | Lower Dniester |
Designated | 20 August 2003 |
Reference no. | 1316[1] |
Official name | Dnister River Valley |
Designated | 20 March 2019 |
Reference no. | 2388[2] |
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər)[3][4][5][a] is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Names
The name Dniester derives from
The names of the
In
Geography
The Dniester rises in
Along the lower half of the Dniester, the western bank is high and hilly while the eastern one is low and flat. The river represents the de facto end of the Eurasian Steppe. Its most important tributaries are Răut and Bîc.
History
During the
In antiquity, the river was considered one of the principal rivers of European
Greek authors referred to the river as Tyras (Greek: ὁ Τύρας).[11] At a later period it obtained the name of Danastris or Danastus,[12] whence its modern name of Dniester (Niester), though the Turks still called it Turla during the 19th century.[13] The form Τύρις is sometimes found.[14]
According to
From the 14th century to 1812, part of the Dniester formed the eastern boundary of the Principality of Moldavia.
Between the World Wars, the Dniester formed part of the boundary between Romania and the
After the Republic of Moldova declared its independence in 1991, the small area to the east of the Dniester that had been part of the Moldavian SSR refused to participate and declared itself the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, or Transnistria, with its capital at Tiraspol on the river.
Tributaries
From source to mouth, right tributaries, i.e. on the southwest side, are the Stryi (231 km or 144 mi), Svicha (107 km or 66 mi), Limnytsia (122 km or 76 mi), Bystrytsia (101 km), Răut (283 km or 176 mi), Ichel (101 km or 63 mi), Bîc (155 km or 96 mi), and Botna (152 km or 94 mi).
Left tributaries, on the northeast side, are the
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Lower Dniester". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "Dnister River Valley". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "Dnister River". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Dniester". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ^ "Dniester". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
- ^ "Dniester". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on February 12, 2022.
- ^ Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. p. 106
- ^ Абаев В. И. Осетинский язык и фольклор (tr. "Ossetian language and folklore"). Moscow: Publishing house of Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1949. P. 236
- ^ Edward Gibbon. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Vol 1 chapt 11
- ^ Mikhail Widejko (Відейко М. Ю.). "Трипільські протоміста. Історія досліджень. Київ 2002; с. 103–125" [Trypillya culture proto-cities. History of investigations. Kyiv 2002, p. 103–125)]. Iananu.kiev.ua. Retrieved 2012-08-23.
- ^ Strabo ii.
- ^ Amm. Marc. xxxi. 3. § 3; Jornand. Get. 5; Const. Porphyr. de Adm. Imp. 8
- Mela, ii. 1, etc.; also Schaffarik, Slav. Alterth. i. p. 505.
- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, p. 671; Suid. s. v.
- ^ Kaba, John (1919). Politico-economic Review of Basarabia. United States: American Relief Administration. p. 15. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Dnister River Encyclopedia of Ukraine, accessed 15 December 2022
General
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tyras". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
External links
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). p. 349.
- Volodymyr Kubijovyč, Ivan Teslia, Dnister River in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).
- Dniester.org: a trans-boundary Dniester river project
- eco-tiras.org