Doctrinaires

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Doctrinals
Doctrinaires
Leader
Orléanism (minority)
Political positionCentre-left to centre-right[A]
Colours  Celeste
^ A: The Docrinaires was one of the major monarchist parties during the Bourbon Restoration period. The Docrinaires were right-leaning compared to the more progressive centre-left Liberal Party, but were more moderate compared to the further right-wing Ultra-royalists. Additionally, most liberals during its existence were considered to belong closer to the political left.

During the

centre-left group.[6][7]

During the July Monarchy, they were an intellectual and political group within the

Prime Ministers of France, although Guizot and the Doctrinaires dominated the political scenery during the premiership of Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1840–1847).[8]

History and characteristics

Origins

The Doctrinaires first obtained in 1816 the co-operation of

comte de Villèle. The Doctrinaires were then in the opposition, although they remained quite close to the government, especially to Decazes
who assumed some governmental offices. The Doctrinaires were opposed on their left by republicans and liberals, and on their right by the Ultras.

Finally, the Doctrinaires were destroyed by

Legitimists, a term used to refer to the Ultras after the July Revolution.[citation needed
]

Doctrinaires, a pejorative word quickly reappropriated

As has often been the case with party designations, the name was at first given in derision and by an enemy. In 1816, the

Bonapartist and liberal exiles, began to speak of Royer-Collard as the doctrinaire and also as le Pierre Royer-Collard de la doctrine chrétienne, a name which came from Royer-Collard's studies under the Prêtres de la doctrine chrétienne, a French religious order founded in 1592 by César de Bus and popularly known as the doctrinaires.[9]

The choice of a nickname for Royer-Collard does credit to the journalistic insight of the contributors to the Nain jaune réfugié, for he was emphatically a man who made it his business to preach a

émigrés during the revolutionary and imperial epoch.[9]

Nationalize the monarchy and royalize France

Royer-Collard himself,

national sovereignty as sovereignty was not derived from God anymore, but from the people.[citation needed
]

The means by which they hoped to attain this end were a loyal application of the

parliamentary responsibility, that is to allow that ministers should be removed in obedience to a hostile vote in the chamber.[9]

Their ideal in fact was a combination of a king who frankly accepted the results of the Revolution and who governed in a liberal spirit, with the advice of a chamber elected by a very limited constituency in which men of property and education formed, if not the wholes at least the very great majority of the voters. This king was not to be found until

Journal des Débats. The Doctrinaires were chiefly supported by ex officials of the empire who believed in the necessity for monarchical government, but had a lively memory of Napoleon's authoritative rule and a no less lively hatred of the Ancien Régime — merchants, manufacturers and members of the liberal professions, particularly the lawyers.[9]

English terminology

The word doctrinaire has become naturalized in English terminology as applied in a slightly contemptuous sense to a theorist as distinguished from a practical man of affairs.[9]

Prominent members

Electoral results

Chamber of Deputies
Election year No. of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		No. of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1815 5,200 (2nd) 12.5
50 / 400
New
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
1816 49,820 (1st) 52.7
136 / 258
Increase 86
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
1820 42,300 (1st) 44.7
194 / 434
Increase 58
Élie Decazes
1824 3,760 (2nd) 4.0
17 / 430
Decrease 177
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
1827 37,600 (2nd) 39.5
170 / 430
Increase 163
The Marquis of Lafayette
1830 46,060 (2nd) 49.3
274 / 378
Increase 204
The Marquis of Lafayette
1831 76,805 (1st) 61.4
282 / 459
Increase 8
Casimir Périer

See also

  • Modification of political parties under the Restoration

References

  1. ^ Ralph Raico, ed. (2012). Classical Liberalism and the Austrian School. Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. 274.
  2. ^ Katherine Harloe; Neville Morley, eds. (2012). Thucydides and the Modern World: Reception, Reinterpretation and Influence from the Renaissance to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. Post-revolutionary French liberals (Thermidorians and doctrinaires) devised the theory of the dichotomy between ancient liberty and modern liberty as a reaction against eighteenth-century republican ideology and its devastating consequences.
  3. ^
    ISBN 9780141974804
    . ... different but no less authoritarian (and metaphysical) form of Cartesian rationalism was invoked by the Doctrinaires, a collection of thinkers who shaped the conservative liberal politics of the July Monarchy between 1830 and 1848. ...
  • ^ Craiutu, Aurelian (2003). Liberalism under Siege: The Political Thought of the French Doctrinaires. Lexington Books. p. 9.
  • ^ Takeda, Chinatsu (2018). Mme de Staël and Political Liberalism in France. Springer. pp. 226–227.
  • ISBN 9781472113306
    . ... the chief theorist of the left, which included La Fayette and Manuel, known in the Chamber of Deputies as the Independants. The new generation of liberals on the centre left, the Doctrinaires, who now gathered around Madamede Staël, ...
  • ISBN 9781934389911
    . The effort was a success, bringing the Doctrinaires to power, a center-left party that tried to reconcile a constitutional monarchy with the gains of the Revolution.
  • ^ H. A. C Collingham (1988). The July Monarchy: A Political History of France 1830-1848.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Doctrinaires". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 367.

    • Further reading

    • Craiutu, Aurelian. Liberalism under Siege: The Political Thought of the French Doctrinaires. Lexington Books, 2003.
    • Rosanvallon, Pierre. Le Moment Guizot. Gallimard, 1985.
    • Siedentop, Larry. "Two Liberal Traditions". The Idea of Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin. Oxford University Press, 1979.
    • Starzinger, Vincent E. The Politics of the Center: The Juste Milieu in Theory and Practice, France and England, 1815-1848. Transaction Publishers, 1991.
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