Doctrine
Doctrine (from
Often the word doctrine specifically suggests a body of
Religious usage
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2021) |
Examples of religious doctrines include:
- Christian theology:
- Doctrines such as the atonement
- The Salvation Army Handbook of Doctrine[2]
- The distinctive "double" predestination
- The Methodist Church of Great Britain refers to the "doctrines to which the preachers of the Methodist Church are pledged" as doctrinal standards [5]
- Doctrines such as the
- Yuga in Hinduism
- Postulation or Syādvāda in Jainism
- The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism
Philosophical usage
- Tetrapharmakos[citation needed]
Measure of religiosity
According to sociologist Mervin Verbit, doctrine may be understood as one of the key components of religiosity. He divides doctrine into four categories: content, frequency (degree to which it may occupy the person's mind), intensity and centrality. Each of these may vary from one religion to the next, within that religious tradition.[8][9][10]
In this sense, doctrine is similar to Charles Glock's "belief" dimension of religiosity.[11][12]
Military usage
The term also applies to the concept of an established procedure to execute an operation in warfare. The typical example is tactical doctrine in which a standard set of maneuvers, kinds of troops and weapons are employed as a default approach to a kind of attack.
Examples of military doctrines include:
- Guerre de course
- Hit-and-run tactics
- Mahanianof late 19th up to mid-20th century
- Manhunting doctrine, or assured individual destruction
- Shock and awe
- Soviet deep battleof World War II
- Trench warfare of World War I
Cold War doctrines
The Cold War saw the enunciation of several strategic doctrines designed to contain Soviet expansion.
Peacekeeping doctrines
In modern
Political usage
By definition, political doctrine is "[a] policy, position or principle advocated, taught or put into effect concerning the acquisition and exercise of the power to govern or administrate in society."[15] The term political doctrine is sometimes wrongly identified with political ideology. However, doctrine lacks the actional aspect of ideology. It is mainly a theoretical discourse, which "refers to a coherent sum of assertions regarding what a particular topic should be" (Bernard Crick). Political doctrine is based on a rationally elaborated set of values, which may precede the formation of a political identity per se. It is concerned with philosophical orientations on a meta-theoretical level.[16]
Legal usage
A legal doctrine is a body of interrelated rules (usually of common law and built over a long period of time) associated with a legal concept or principle. For example, the doctrine of frustration of purpose now has many tests and rules applicable with regards to each other and can be contained within a "bubble" of frustration. In a court session a defendant may refer to the doctrine of justification.[citation needed]
It can be seen that a branch of law contains various doctrines, which in turn contain various rules or tests. The test of non-occurrence of crucial event is part of the doctrine of frustration which is part of
]Doctor
The title of Doctor in fact means "one with the authority to establish doctrine in his or her respective field of study"; a doctorate is a terminal academic degree that legally confers said authority within its respective field. For more information, see Doctor (title).
See also
- Betancourt Doctrine
- Bush Doctrine – US foreign policy principles of President George W. Bush promoting preventive war and unilateralism
- Carter Doctrine – 1980 US policy
- Doxa – Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion
- Dogma – Belief(s) accepted by members of a group without question
- Drago Doctrine – announced in 1902 by the Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs, Luis María Drago
- Eisenhower Doctrine – American policy on the Middle East
- Giedroyc Doctrine – political doctrine
- Hallstein Doctrine – 1955–1970 one-Germany policy during the Cold War
- Monroe Doctrine – US foreign policy regarding the Western Hemisphere first articulated in 1823
- Truman Doctrine – Anti-Soviet American Cold War foreign policy
References
- ^ Doctrine – Definition at WordIQ.com 2010
- ISBN 978-0-85412-822-8.
- ^ "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Roman Catholic Church) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ^ "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith". Ewtn.com. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ^ Doctrine of the Methodist Church, accessed 25 May 2018
- ^ Callan, Very Rev. Charles J. (1925). . Blessed be God; a complete Catholic prayer book. P. J. Kenedy & Sons.
- ISSN 1571-4799.
- ^ Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. American mosaic, 24, 39.
- ^ Küçükcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional Approach to Religion: a way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), 60–70.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - M-26.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-09-24.
- ISBN 978-0675091053.
- ^ Glock, Charles Y. (July 1962). "Religious Education: On the Study of Religious Commitment". University of Georgia Libraries. Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley. pp. 98-110 (Volume 57, Issue 4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-27.
- ^ Melvyn P. Leffler, "From the Truman Doctrine to the Carter Doctrine: Lessons and Dilemmas of the Cold War." Diplomatic History 7.4 (1983): 245-266.
- ^ "Peacekeeping Resource Hub" (PDF). pbpu.unlb.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ^ "Political doctrine (definition)". Eionet.europa.eu. 2012-07-20. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ^ Dr. Daniel Șandru. "Ideology, Between the Concept and the Political Reality". The Knowledge Based Society Project. Sfera Politicii nr. 169. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2013.