Dogma

Dogma, in its broadest sense, is any belief held unquestioningly and with undefended certainty. It may be in the form of an official system of

It may also be found in political belief systems such as fascism, progressivism, liberalism, and conservatism.^[2][3]

In the pejorative sense, dogma refers to enforced decisions, such as those of aggressive political interests or authorities.^[4][5] More generally, it is applied to some strong belief that its adherents are not willing to discuss rationally. This attitude is named as a dogmatic one, or dogmatism, and is often used to refer to matters related to religion. However, it is not limited to theistic attitudes alone and is often used with respect to political or philosophical dogmas.

Etymology

The word dogma was adopted in the 17th century from

may be more commonly used in English.

In philosophy

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In

In Christianity, a dogma is a belief communicated by divine revelation and defined by the Church,[8] The organization's formal religious positions may be taught to new members or simply communicated to those who choose to become members. It is rare for agreement with an organization's formal positions to be a requirement for attendance, though membership may be required for some church activities.^[8]

In the narrower sense of the church's official interpretation of divine revelation,^[9] theologians distinguish between defined and non-defined dogmas, the former being those set out by authoritative bodies such as the Roman Curia for the Catholic Church, the latter being those which are universally held but have not been officially defined, the nature of Christ as universal redeemer being an example.^[10] The term originated in late Greek philosophy legal usage, in which it meant a decree or command, and came to be used in the same sense in early Christian theology.^[11] Protestants to differing degrees are less formal about doctrine, and often rely on denomination-specific beliefs, but seldom refer to these beliefs as dogmata. The first^{[citation needed]} unofficial institution of dogma in the Christian church was by Saint Irenaeus in his Demonstration of Apostolic Teaching, which provides a 'manual of essentials' constituting the 'body of truth'.

Catholicism and Eastern Christianity

For

The decisions of fourteen later councils that Catholics hold as dogmatic and a small number of decrees promulgated by popes exercising papal infallibility (for examples, see Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary) are considered as being a part of the Catholic Church's sacred body of doctrine.

Judaism

In the Jewish commentary tradition, dogma is a principle by which the

View or position (Pali diṭṭhi, Sanskrit dṛṣṭi) is a central idea in Buddhism that corresponds with the Western notion of dogma.^[14] In Buddhist thought, a view is not a simple, abstract collection of propositions, but a charged interpretation of experience which intensely shapes and affects thought, sensation, and action.^[15] Having the proper mental attitude toward views is therefore considered an integral part of the Buddhist path, as sometimes correct views need to be put into practice and incorrect views abandoned, while at other times all views are seen as obstacles to enlightenment.^[16]

Islam

Taqlid (

• Aging brain – biological basis of cognitive flexibility during human lifespan
• Axiom – Statement that is taken to be true
• Central dogma of molecular biology – Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
• Doctrine#Religious usage – Codification of beliefs
• Dogmatic theology – Official theology of a church
• Escalation of commitment – A human behavior pattern in which the participant takes on increasingly greater risk
• Faith – Confidence or trust, often characterized as without evidence
• Pseudoskepticism – Philosophical position that appears to be skeptic but is actually dogmatic
• Standard social science model – Alleged model of social science thought

References

Bibliography

• Blackburn, Simon (2016). "Dogma". The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
  ISBN 978-0198735304
  .
• Fuller, Paul (2005). The Notion of Diṭṭhi in Theravāda Buddhism: The Point of View (PDF). Routledge. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015.
• McKim, D.K. (2001). "Dogma". In Elwell, Walter A. (ed.). Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Baker Academic.
  ISBN 978-0801020759
  .
• O'Collins, Gerald (1983). "Dogma". In Richardson, Alan; Bowden, John (eds.). The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology. Westminster John Knox Press.
  ISBN 978-0664227487
  .
• Stanglin, K.D. (2009). "Dogma". In Dyrness, William A.; Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti (eds.). Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church. InterVarsity Press.
  ISBN 978-0830878116
  .

Look up dogma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Dogma.

Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Dogma.

• Dogma Archived 2007-02-13 at the Wayback Machine – Strong's N.T. Greek Lexicon
• Il Domani – terribile o radioso? – del Dogma Archived 2014-09-26 at the Wayback Machine, a book by Enrico Maria Radaelli with a Preface by Roger Scruton and comments by Brunero Gherardini, Alessandro Gnocchi-Mario Palmaro, and Mario Oliveri (Roma 2012)
• Irenaeus. Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching. pp. 70–75. [online] available at: Christian Classics ethereal library St. Irenaeus: Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching – Christian Classics Ethereal Library [Accessed 20 June 2017]