Doi Suthep–Pui National Park

Coordinates: 18°48′34″N 98°54′57″E / 18.80944°N 98.91583°E / 18.80944; 98.91583
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Doi Suthep-Pui National Park
อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยสุเทพ-ปุย
Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation
(DNP)

Doi Suthep–Pui National Park (

Thai royal family. The park is a protected area for flora, fauna, and habitat.[2]

History

The former name of the area is Doi Aoi Chang.[citation needed] The name Doi Suthep was inspired by a hermit named Prarusiwa Suthep who once lived in the local forest. In 1973, the Royal Forest Department proposed that this and 13 other forests be designated national parks. It became the 24th national park of Thailand when it was official established on 14 April 1981.[1] Today it includes 160,812 rai ~ 257 square kilometres (99 sq mi) of territory.[3]

Geography and climate

Mok Fa waterfall (area C on the map)
The total area that forms the park[4]

The mountainous landscape is part of the Thanon Thong Chai Range. The three main peaks are Doi Suthep, Doi Buak Ha, and Doi Pui, the latter of which is tallest at 1,685 metres (5,528 ft). The climate is cool, with an average temperature around 20 to 23 °C (68 to 73 °F). Low winter temperatures can reach 6 °C (43 °F). Late summer is the rainy season, with daily precipitation.[2]

Flora

Further information: List of plants of Doi Suthep–Pui National Park
Mixed deciduous-evergreen forest

More than 2,000 species of vascular plants have been documented in the national park.[1]

The park is forested, with evergreen forest above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and deciduous forest below. Mixed deciduous-evergreen forest occurs in gullies and along streams. Common trees include oaks, dipterocarps, and trees of the magnolia family.[2] There are many waterfalls.[4]

The forests in the park are divided into two main types of forests. Deciduous forests are found up to about 900-1,000 meters above sea level, while lower montane evergreen forests are found starting from about 900-1,000 meters above sea level.

The dipterocarp deciduous forest is primarily composed of

Terminalia alata, and Vitex peduncularis.[5][6]

The pine tree Pinus kesiya is found at higher elevations.

The montane evergreen forest primarily consists of

Tectona grandis and Cassia fistula used to be common, but are no longer widely found due to centuries of logging.[7][8]

Fungi

The park is home to diverse fungi species, many of which may be undescribed or have only been recently described.[9]

Fungi in the park primarily belong to the families

basidiomycetes in the forests surrounding Chiang Mai city.[10]

Different species and genera tend to occupy different ecological niches:[10]

Mushrooms belonging to the genera

Heimiella, Pterygellus, and Mycoamaranthus are also found in the park.[10]

Dozens of wild fungi species are locally harvested for human consumption. Mushrooms are often collected from dipterocarp forest floors during the rainy season from June to October. They include:[11][12]

Species Local Thai name
Amanita chepangiana hed kai kao เห็ดไข่ขาว
Amanita hemibapha hed kai luang เห็ดไข่เหลือง
Amanita princeps hed kai kao เห็ดไข่ขาว
Astraeus hygrometricus hed phor เห็ดเผาะ
Boletus firmus
 hed nam pheung เห็ดน้ำผึ้ง
Cantharellus cibarius hed kamin yai เห็ดขมิ้นใหญ่; hed mun pu yai
Cantharellus minor hed kamin lek เห็ดขมิ้นเล็ก
Craterellus aureus hef kamin luang krob เห็ดขมิ้นเหลืองกรอบ
Craterellus odoratus hed kamin nang เห็ดขมิ้นหนัง
Heimiella retispora hed pod maa
Heimiella subretispora hed pod maa
Lactarius glaucescens
 hed khaa
Lactarius piperatus
 hed khing เห็ดขิง
Lactarius subpiperatus
Lactarius volemus
 hed faang เห็ดฟาง
Mycoamaranthus cambodgensis hed kalum maa เห็ดกะหล่ำมา
Phaeogyroporus portentosus
 hed haa
Pterygellus polymorphus (aff.)
Russula alboareolata hed nam paeng
Russula cyanoxantha hed naa moi, hed nam maak
Russula densifolia hed than lek
Russula lepida
 hed daeng เห็ดแดง
Russula nigricans
 hed than yai
Russula senecis hed kor
Russula sp. hed lom kao
Russula sp.1 hed poong moo dam
Russula sp.2 (red) hed daeng เห็ดแดง
Russula virescens hed lom kra khiaw
Russula xerampelina hed daeng luang เห็ดแดงเหลือง
Sinoboletus sp. hed pod maa lek

However, care must be taken to distinguish edible species from local poisonous species such as

Lactarius, and Tricholoma.[14]

Fauna

Animals in the park include the

Sus scrofa). More than 300 species of birds have been recorded in the area, including pheasants, eagles, parrots, bulbuls and minivets.[2][15]

Mammals

Small mammals found in the lower montane evergreen forest include the

Berylmys bowersi bowersi).[7]

Frugivorous mammals in the park include

Macaca leonina).[16]

Other small mammals found in the park are

Crocidura vorax.[17]

Birds

Frugivorous birds include the

Hemixos flavala).[16]

In the Monthathan Waterfall area, bird species include:

  • Top canopy:
    Terpsiphone paradisi
    )
  • Middle canopy:
    Merops orientalis
    )
  • Lower canopy:
    Motacilla alba
    )

Reptiles and amphibians

Reptiles in the park include

Hebius khasiense), Burmese False Bloodsucker (Pseudocalotes microlepis), Sphenomorphus spp., and Scincella spp.[19]

Reptile and amphibian species vary according to

Philautus parvulus) and Limborg's Frog (Limnonectes limborgi) have also been reported from the park.[19]

Invertebrates

Thousands of insect species are found in the park, including 561 species of butterflies.[22]

Recreation

Activities in the park include walking and hiking, cycling, camping, tours of caves, waterfalls, and other features, observation of plants, birds, and butterflies, cultural and historical sightseeing, and stargazing.[4]

Location

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Maxwell, J. F.; Elliott, Stephen (2001). Vegetation and Vascular Flora of Doi Sutep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand (PDF). Bangkok: The Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT).
  2. ^ a b c d "Doi Suthep–Pui National Park". Department of National Parks (Thailand). Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  3. ^ ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022, no 24
  4. ^ a b c "National Parks in Thailand: Doi Suthep–Pui National Park" (PDF). Department of National Parks (Thailand). pp. 30–31. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  5. ^ Khamyong, Nuttaluck, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Sutthathorn Chairuangsri, Angkhana Inta, and Pimonrat Tiansawat (2018). Tree Species Composition and Height-diameter Allometry of Three Forest Types in Northern Thailand. CMU J. Nat. Sci. (2018) Vol. 17(4).
  6. ^ Yarnvudhi, Arerut, Sarawood Sungkaew, Sutheera Hermhuk, Pasuta Sunthornhao, Surin Onprom (2016). Plant Diversity and Utilization on Ethnobotany of Local People at Hmong Doi Pui Village in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. Thai J. For. 35(3): 136-146 (2016).
  7. ^ a b Putiyanan, Somporn and J.F. Maxwell (2006). Survey and Herbarium Specimens of Medicinal Vascular Flora of Doi Suthep-Pui. CMU Journal (2006) Vol. 5(2).
  8. ^ Marod, Dokrak, Sarawood Sangkaew, Aumporn Panmongkol, Atchara Jingjai (2014). Influences of Environmental Factors on Tree Distribution of Lower Montane Evergreen Forest at Doi Sutep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. Thai J. For. 33 (3) : 23-33 (2014).
  9. S2CID 53812663
    .
  10. ^ a b c Sirisak BUTKRACHANG, Ekkarat BOONCHIENG, Uraporn SARDSUD, Morakot SUKCHOTIRATANA, Abhinya PLIKOMOL, Griangsak CHAIROTE and Pitoon NARONGCHAI. Wild Mushroom Database of Chiang Mai Community Forest. Asian Journal of Biology Education Vol. 3 (2007).
  11. ISSN 0308-8146
    .
  12. ^ Dell B, Sanmee R, Lumyong P and Lumyong S. Ectomycorrhizal fungi in dry and wet dipterocarp forests in northern Thailand - diversity and use as food.
  13. ^ Sittiporn Parnmen; Sujitra Sikaphan; Siriwan Leudang; Nattaphong Nantachaiphong; Chutimon Uttawichai; Sudarat Juntaporn; Kornchanok Porntaweesuk; Dutsadee Polputpisatkul; Panisa Getn-gern; Apiwat Tawatsin; Sathaporn Ramchiun (2016). "Poisonous Mushrooms of Thailand". Field Museum. Field Museum Field Guides.
  14. ^ TAWATSIN, Apiwat et al. Mushroom Poisoning in Thailand: Incidence and Intoxication to Human Health. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 9, sep. 2018. ISSN 2375-1924. Date accessed: 18 Sep. 2021.
  15. ISBN 978-1-85974-886-2
    .
  16. ^ a b Rueangket, Apisada, Prateep Duengkaea, Sathid Thinkhampang, Dokrak Marod (2019). Utilization of fruit by frugivores in lower montane forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai province Archived 2020-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. Agr. Nat. Resour. 53 (2019) 457–464.
  17. ^ Saosoong, Sutasinee, Prateep Duengkae1, and Dokrak Marod (2014). Species diversity and abundance of small mammals in hill evergreen forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand Vol.21 No.1 2014.
  18. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3811.2.6
  19. ^ a b Hakim, Jonathan (2014). Doi Suthep. Reptiles and Amphibians of Thailand.
  20. ^ "Doi Suthep from top to bottom". Field Herp Forum. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  21. ^ Hakim, Jonathan (2016). A night on Doi Suthep. Reptiles and Amphibians of Thailand.
  22. ^ Inayoshi, Y. & A. Giudici. Basic list of Butterflies in Chiang Mai province, Thailand.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doi_Suthep–Pui_National_Park&oldid=1207300771"