Domain name registry
A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS.
A registry operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC), maintains all administrative data of the domain and generates a zone file which contains the addresses of the nameservers for each domain. Each registry is an organization that manages the registration of domain names within the domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its domain. It may also fulfill the function of a domain name registrar, or may delegate that function to other entities.[1]
Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the
Operation
Some name registries are government departments (e.g., the registry for India gov.in). Some are co-operatives of Internet service providers (such as DENIC) or not-for profit companies (such as Nominet UK). Others operate as commercial organizations, such as the US registry (nic.us).
The allocated and assigned domain names are made available by registries by use of the
Some registries sell the names directly, and others rely on separate entities to sell them. For example, names in the
Policies
Allocation policies
Historically, domain name registries operated on a
Registries may also control matters of interest to their local communities; for example, the German, Japanese and Polish registries have introduced internationalized domain names to allow use of local non-ASCII characters.
Dispute policies
Domains which are registered with
deals with intellectual property and other disputes through its own dispute resolution service.Third-level domains
Domain name registries may also impose a system of
Many ccTLDs have moved from compulsory third or fourth-level domain to the availability of registrations of second level domains. Among them are .us (April 2002), .mx (May 2009),[4] .co (March 2010),[5] and .uk (June 2014).
See also
References
- ^ "ICann.org Glossary". Retrieved 2009-04-21.
- ^ "IANA — Root Zone Database". Retrieved 2019-12-04.
- ^ "Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy – ICANN". icann.org. Retrieved 2020-02-19.
- ^ "NIC México anuncia las etapas de la reapertura de dominios directamente bajo.MX" (in Spanish). NIC México. 2009-02-10. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
- ^ ".CO Launch & Registration Rules" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2012-02-24.