Dom (caste)

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A Dom man in Eastern Bengal, c. 1860.

The Dom (

Etymology

Individuals who live by singing and music were referred to as Dom in Tantric scriptures. According to historian M.P Joshi, the word Duma is connected to the sound of a drum.

History

The term dom is mentioned in

Chand dynasty and Gorkha, all service castes were referred to as Dom and were prohibited from wearing gold and silver ornaments. They had to work as palanquin bearers, but they were prohibited from using palanquins at their weddings. They had to live in separate villages with different cremation sites and water sources. They had to bury the dead cows of others of which they ate flesh. During the British period, the British prohibited these discriminative practices. Social activist Lala Lajpat Rai and dalit leader Khusi Ram sought to reject low caste status and introduced the term Shilpkar to replace the pejorative Dom. They conducted purification rituals of Arya Samaj in which shilkars wore sacred threads (Janeu) and were allowed to use a palanquin in their wedding. Since then, in Uttarakhand, the Shilpkar replaced Dom in the official category. But it has done little to reduce the social stigma in the central Himalaya region.[2]

Many

argot of their own, while others speak the prevailing dialect or language.[12]

The Doms were formerly classified as a criminal tribe under the Criminal Tribes Acts of the British Raj.[13][14]

Occupations

Hunza Valley

The people are called Bericho, Dom, or Doma. The Dom identity developed out of their work as musicians. They are a heterogeneous group, descended from a number of families that took up service with the various local rulers. The Dom belong to the

Nizari Ismaili sect in Hunza.[15][failed verification
]

Uttarakhand

During the Chand and Gurkha dynasties (c. 700-1816 CE) in northern India, including regions that are now part of Uttarakhand, the term 'Dom' collectively referred to various occupational groups, including artisans and professional entertainers such as singers and musicians. Members of Dom castes were also involved in the disposal of dead animals, including cows.[2]

Delhi

Dom were engaged in occupation of beating drums in marriage ceremonies in

Bhangi caste by singing and drum beating as Brahmin do not facilitate marriages of Bhangi caste as they are considered untouchable.[1]

Chhattisgarh

In Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh, the Dom were rulers from the 16th century to 18th century, until the defeat of king Raibhan of the Dom dynasty by Sujan Rai of Sonpur who established Jashpur State.[16]

Varanasi

In Varanasi, the city in Uttar Pradesh, the Dom perform the most important task of cremation of dead bodies.[17] According to puranic legend, Raja Harishchandra was purchased by Kallu Dom and Harishchandra was working under him.[18][19] However, according to another legend, Harishchandra was said to have been sold to a Chandala, and the Chandala entrusted him with the responsibility of overseeing the cremation ground (shmashana).[20]

Andhra Pradesh

Dom originally hails from the hilly tract of Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and they were known for their occupation as drummers and are often considered "untouchables" in the caste system due to their historical role in disposing of bodies, including both animal and human remains.[21][22]

Present

The traditional occupation of Dom was making musical instruments and households items of bamboo. They still make musical instruments and households items of bamboo. But due to the advent of electronic music, sales of musical instruments have dwindled.[citation needed]

Demographics

There are around 706,000 Doms in Odisha.[23]

Doms numbered 316,337 at the 2001 census and were 1.7 percent of the

scheduled caste population of West Bengal. The same census found overall 46.0 percent of Doms (aged 7 and up) were literate. Along gender lines, 58.9 percent of males and 32.6 percent of females were found by the census to be literate.[7]

The

2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Dom as a Scheduled Caste with a population of 110,353.[5]

Official classification

Dom are listed as

Doms in Nepal

The Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies the Dom as a subgroup within the broader social group of Madheshi Dalits.[24] At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, 13,268 people (0.1% of the population of Nepal) were Dom. The frequency of Doms by province was as follows:

The frequency of Doms was higher than national average (0.1%) in the following districts:[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ .
  3. .
  4. .
  5. ^ a b c "A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix – Uttar Pradesh". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Bihar Caste List 2022". Biharonlineportal. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "West Bengal, Census of India 2001, Data Highlights – The Scheduled Castes" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  8. ^ a b "Dom". Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Legal Database". 11 August 2018.
  10. ^ "List of Scheduled Castes | Department of Social Justice and Empowerment - Government of India". socialjustice.gov.in. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  11. ^ T. Burrow and M.B. Emeneau, A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 257, entry #2949.
  12. ^ Nomads in India : proceedings of the National Seminar / edited by P.K. Misra, K.C. Malhotra
  13. . Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  14. ^ Gupta, Ganesh (2005). Padabi Abhidhan [Dictionary of Family Names] (in Bengali). Kolkata: Annapurna Prakashan. p. 52.
  15. OCLC 647914842.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  16. ^ Shashishekhar Gopal Deogaonkar (1985). The Hill Korwa. Concept Publishing Company. p. 22. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  17. ^ "Doms of Varanasi make a living among the dead". reuters. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  18. .
  19. ^ Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Makhan Jha, Baidyanath Saraswati (1979). The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization. Concept Publishing Company. p. 306.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. .
  21. ^ "India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  22. .
  23. ^ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  24. ^ Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [1]
  25. ^ "2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.

External links

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