Doncaster

Coordinates: 53°31′22″N 1°7′57″W / 53.52278°N 1.13250°W / 53.52278; -1.13250
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other places with the same name, see Doncaster (disambiguation)

Doncaster
City
Doncaster is located in the City of Doncaster district
Doncaster
Doncaster
Location within City of Doncaster
Doncaster is located in South Yorkshire
Doncaster
Doncaster
Location within South Yorkshire
Area43.5 km2 (16.8 sq mi)
Population87,455 (Built up area, 2021)[1] 308,100 (Borough, 2021)
South Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
Websitewww.doncaster.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°31′22″N 1°7′57″W / 53.52278°N 1.13250°W / 53.52278; -1.13250

Doncaster (/ˈdɒŋkəstər, -kæs-/ DONK-ə-stər, DONK-ast-ər)[3][4] is a city in South Yorkshire, England.[5] Named after the River Don, it is the administrative centre of the City of Doncaster metropolitan borough, and is the second largest settlement in South Yorkshire after Sheffield. Noted for its horse racing and railway history, it is situated in the Don Valley on the western edge of the Humberhead Levels and east of the Pennines.[6][7] The built up area had a population of 87,455 at the 2021 census,[1] whilst the wider metropolitan borough had a population of 308,100.[2]

The city's suburbs include Armthorpe, Bessacarr, Sprotbrough among others. Adjacent to Doncaster to its east is the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire, which contains the towns of Haxey, Epworth and Crowle, and directly south is Harworth Bircotes in Nottinghamshire. Also, within the city's vicinity are Barnsley, Wakefield, Pontefract, Selby, Goole, Scunthorpe, Gainsborough, Retford, Worksop and Rotherham, to which Doncaster is linked by road and rail.

As part of the

King Charles III and Queen Camilla.[9][10]

History

miles, to Danum (Doncaster), 16 miles, to Agelocum (Littleborough), 21 miles, to Lindum (Lincoln), 13 miles. A spur connected Danum with Calcaria (near Tadcaster
).

Roman

Possibly inhabited earlier, Doncaster grew up on the site of a

coloniae. Routes 7 and 8 (Iter VII & VIII) are entitled "the route from York to London
".

Several areas of intense archaeological interest have been identified in the town, although many such as

end of Roman rule in Britain: it was the home of the Crispinian Horse, presumably named after the tribes living near Crispiana in Pannonia Superior (near present-day Zirc in western Hungary), but possibly after Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, who was headquartered there while his father was based in nearby York. The Register names the unit as under the command of the "Duke of the Britons
".

In 1971 the Danum shield, a rectangular Roman shield dating to the 1st or 2nd century CE, was recovered from the site of the Danum fort.[11]

An inscribed altar, dedicated to the

Matres by Marcus Nantonius Orbiotalus, was found at St Sepulchre Gate in 1781.[12] This was donated to the Yorkshire Museum in 1856.[13]

Map showing the boundary of the fortified Medieval township of Doncaster with four Gates

Medieval

Doncaster is generally identified with Cair Daun

Norman Conquest, Nigel Fossard refortified the town and built Conisbrough Castle. By the time of Domesday Book, Hexthorpe in the wapentake of Strafforth was said to have a church and two mills.[19] The historian David Hey says these facilities represent the settlement at Doncaster. He also suggests that the street name Frenchgate indicates that Fossard invited fellow Normans to trade in the town.[20] Doncaster was ceded to Scotland in the Treaty of Durham and never formally returned to England.[21][22]

With the 13th century, Doncaster matured into a busy town. In 1194

town charter
. It suffered a disastrous fire in 1204, from which it slowly recovered. At the time, buildings were built of wood, and open fireplaces used for cooking and heating.

Norman church of St Mary Magdalene, at demolition in 1846

In 1248, a charter was granted for Doncaster Market to be held in the area surrounding the Church of St Mary Magdalene, which was built in Norman times. In the 16th century, the church was adapted for use as the town hall. It was finally demolished in 1846.[20] Some 750 years on, the market continues to operate, with busy traders located under cover, at the 19th-century Doncaster Corn Exchange building (1873).[23] The Corn Exchange was much rebuilt in 1994 after a major fire.[24]

Flag of Doncaster

During the 14th century, numerous friars arrived in Doncaster who were known for their religious enthusiasm and preaching. In 1307 the

old Danish word gata, meaning street. In medieval times, craftsmen or tradesmen with similar skills tended to live in the same street. Baxter is an ancient word for baker: Baxtergate was the bakers' street. Historians believe that Frenchgate may be named after French-speaking Normans
who settled there.

The medieval township is known to have been protected by earthen ramparts and ditches, with four substantial gates as entrances to the town. These were located at Hall Gate, St Mary's Bridge (old), St Sepulchre Gate and Sunny Bar. Today the gates at Sunny Bar are commemorated by huge "Boar Gates"; similarly, the entrance to St Sepulchre Gate is commemorated by white marble "Roman Gates". The boundary of the town mainly extended from the Don along a route known now Market Road, Silver Street, Cleveland Street and Printing Office Street.

Modern

Population of Doncaster District taken from census data[25]

Access to the town was restricted and some officeholders secured charters to collect tolls. In 1605,

King James I granted to William Levett of Doncaster, brother of York merchant Percival Levett, the right to levy tolls at Friar's and St Mary's bridges.[26] Having served as mayors and aldermen of Doncaster, the Levetts probably believed they could control a monopoly. In 1618 the family began enforcing it, but by 1628 the populace revolted. Capt. Christopher Levett, Percival's son, petitioned Parliament to enforce the tolls, but Parliament disagreed, calling them "a grievance to the subjects, both in creation and execution," and axing the Levett monopoly.[26] Doncaster's Levet Road is named after the family, as are nearby hamlets of Hooton Levitt and the largely abandoned Levitt Hagg
, where much of the town's early limestone was quarried.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Doncaster continued to expand, but it suffered several outbreaks of plague between 1562 and 1606. Each struck down significant numbers of victims.

During the First English Civil War, King Charles I marched by Bridgnorth, Lichfield and Ashbourne to Doncaster, where on 18 August 1645 he was met by numbers of Yorkshire gentlemen who had rallied to his cause. On 2 May 1664, Doncaster was rewarded with the title of Free Borough as a way for the King (Charles I's son, King Charles II) to express gratitude for the allegiance.

Doncaster was connected to the rail network in 1848 and a plant and carriage works for Great Northern Railway was constructed in the town in 1853.[27]: 2562 The Doncaster Carr rail depot was opened in 1876.[28]

The area to the east of Doncaster started developing settlements where coal miners lived from the 1850s onwards, exploiting coal near Barnsley. One such settment is Deneby.[27]

Doncaster and surrounding settlements became part of the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1899. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it was drawn into a new metropolitan borough in 1974 and became part of the new county of South Yorkshire.

Cusworth Hall front

Doncaster has traditionally been prosperous within the wapentake of

tetrastyle portico and completed in 1847: it was demolished in the redevelopment of the 1960s.[31]

St George's Minster is a grade I listed building and was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1850s.[32]

Perhaps the most striking building to survive is

St George's Minster, built in the 19th century and promoted from a parish church in 2004.[33] Doncaster was already a communication centre by this time. It straddled the Great North Road or A1, gaining strategic importance, as this was the main route for traffic between London and Edinburgh
.

Governance and politics

National politics

Doncaster is represented in the House of Commons by three Members of Parliament (MPs); two from Labour and one from the Conservatives. Rosie Winterton represents Doncaster Central, as a former Labour Party leader, Ed Miliband represents Doncaster North, and Nick Fletcher the Don Valley.

From 2023, the Don Valley constituency will be renamed Doncaster East and the Isle of Axholme, and will cover part of North Lincolnshire. A new Rawmarsh and Conisbrough constituency will be created covering the south-western suburbs of Doncaster and parts of Rotherham. Doncaster Central and Doncaster North will see minor boundary changes.[34]

In September 2014,

UKIP held an annual party conference at Doncaster Racecourse. UKIP party leader Nigel Farage claimed that by holding the conference in Doncaster, UKIP were "now parking our tanks on the Labour Party's lawn", referring to Labour leader Ed Miliband's Doncaster North constituency. Shortly afterwards in the seat, at the 2015 general election, UKIP won 8,928 votes to Labour's 20,708. In the 2016 membership referendum, 69 per cent of Doncaster voted to leave the European Union.[35][36]

Doncaster Civic Office

Local politics

Doncaster forms part of the South Yorkshire Combined Authority, which elects a mayor every four years.

Additionally, the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster is one of twelve districts in the United Kingdom to have a

directly elected mayor, currently Ros Jones
, who was re-elected in 2021.

City status

The local authority applied several times, unsuccessfully, for city status. Its borough population of greater than 300,000 is larger than that of many cities' such as Hull, Southampton and Newcastle. On 28 October 2021, Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council announced its bid for Doncaster City for the Queen's Platinum Jubilee. This has been supported by the Doncaster Labour Group and the Doncaster Conservative Association. All three MPs for Doncaster expressed support for city status, with Don Valley's Nick Fletcher speaking for it in Parliament.[37]

Alongside seven other areas, Doncaster was announced to have succeeded in its bid to gain city status on 20 May 2022 as part of the

letters patent and became a city when a ceremony took place on 9 November 2022 as part of a royal visit.[10][38][39]

Administrative history

Doncaster was an

Long Sandall, Loversall, Wheatley and a Doncaster township covering the central part of the parish, including the town. Such townships were also made civil parishes in 1866.[40] Doncaster was also an ancient borough, with its earliest known charter dating from 1194.[41] The borough just covered the Doncaster township, although it exerted some authority over a surrounding rural area known as the soke.[42]

The borough was reformed to become a municipal borough in 1836 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, which standardised how most boroughs operated across the country. The borough boundaries were enlarged several times, notably in 1914 when it absorbed Balby with Hexthorpe and Wheatley. By 1927 the borough was considered large enough to run its own county-level services, and so it was made a county borough, independent from West Riding County Council.[43]

The county borough was abolished in 1974 and replaced by the larger

Thorne, and (from Nottinghamshire) the parish of Finningley and part of the parish of Harworth (the latter being added to the parish of Bawtry).[44]
The borough was raised to city status in 2022.

Geography

St Sepulchre Gate and Printing Office Street
St George's Minster
in the foreground

Urban

Place Distance Direction Relation
London 146 miles (235 km)[45] South Capital city of the United Kingdom
Hull 36 miles (58 km)[46] East Nearby city
Lincoln 32 miles (51 km)[47] South east Nearby city
York 30 miles (48 km)[48] North Nearby city; historic county town of Yorkshire
Wakefield 19 miles (31 km)[49] North west Nearby city
Sheffield 17 miles (27 km)[50] South west Largest city in county; within combined authority area
Barnsley 15 miles (24 km)[51] West Within combined authority area
Rotherham 11 miles (18 km)[52] South west Within combined authority area

Doncaster is the second largest settlement in South Yorkshire and the largest metropolitan district in England by

service industry
, drawing on the good communication links with the rest of the UK.

The Doncaster skyline is overlooked by the minster in the middle of the city. The Frenchgate Shopping Centre is in a similar position in the skyline, along with the Doncaster College Hub building.

After the old Doncaster College and surrounding buildings were demolished, the new

Doncaster Council at a cost of £20 million and completed in 2012.[53]

Topography

Doncaster lies in a lowland valley in southern Yorkshire. To the west are low rolling hills eventually reaching the Pennines. To the east are the low-lying Isle of Axholme and Humberhead Levels. The south is relatively low-lying, with a large forested area including Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire. The Vale of York lies to the north. The floodplains of the River Don lie to Doncaster's north-east; this area is regularly flooded, notably in 2007 and 2019.

Conservation

Nature reserves

Thorne and Hatfield Moors, east of Doncaster, is the largest area of low-lying peat bog in the United Kingdom. It is protected as a national nature reserve.

Potteric Carr Nature Reserve
, lies to the south.

Green belt

Further information: South and West Yorkshire Green Belt

Doncaster is within a

brownfield reuse, and protects nearby countryside by restricting development in the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.[54]

It surrounds the side of the urban area west of the East Coast Line, preventing suburbs such as

Old Edlington, Scawsby and New Rossington merging. As a result, open rural land can be very close to the town centre at some points (for example the wide undeveloped valley of the River Don is adjacent to the town centre), while at other points the urban sprawl rolls on for up to five miles. Another aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,[54] with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including the River Don and valley west of Hexthorpe; Hexthorpe Park; Cusworth Hall, museum and country park; Potteric Carr and Huxter Well Marsh; and the Trans Pennine Trail
.

Climate

Doncaster has a

maritime climate lacking extreme temperatures, like much of the British Isles. Its low elevation in the Don Valley, in the lee of the Pennines, and inland from the North Sea, mean daytime summer temperatures are no lower than parts of South East England, despite the more northerly location. The nearest weather station is RAF Finningley, now known as Doncaster Sheffield Airport
, about 5.5 mi (8.9 km) to the south-east of Doncaster city centre and at a similar elevation.

The Doncaster area is about as far north as the 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) average July/August maximum temperature isotherm reaches – Indeed, the August 1990 record high of 35.5 °C (95.9 °F)[55] is the most northerly temperature above 35 °C (95 °F) in the British Isles. The nearby town of Bawtry, slightly further south, still holds the UK's September monthly record high temperature of 35.6 °C (96.1 °F),[56] set in 1906. Typically, the warmest day of the year reaches 29.1 °C (84.4 °F)[57] and 12 or 13 days report a daytime maximum of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.

The lowest known temperature is −13.5 °C (7.7 °F),[58] set during December 1981. Online records only go back to 1960, and lower temperatures may have been recorded earlier. During the 1971–2000 period, an average of 51.9 nights of the year recorded an air frost.

Typically 106.9 days[59] of the year report 1 mm or more of rainfall. Total annual precipitation is slightly below 560 mm (22 in),[60] which is comparable to the driest parts of the UK, due to Doncaster's location in the rain shadow of the Pennines.

Climate data for Doncaster (DSA)[a], elevation: 12 m (39 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		32.2
(90.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.7
(81.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		35.5
(95.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		13.7
(56.7) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.8
(67.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		21.9
(71.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.4
(50.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		14.4
(58.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		5.0
(41.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		9.2
(48.6) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		4.7
(40.5) 		10.3
(50.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5) 		1.5
(34.7) 		2.8
(37.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.1
(53.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		9.9
(49.8) 		7.3
(45.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.2
(43.1)
Record low °C (°F) −13.3
(8.1) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.2
(37.8) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−13.5
(7.7) 		−13.5
(7.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 42.3
(1.67) 		35.5
(1.40) 		32.0
(1.26) 		42.5
(1.67) 		40.9
(1.61) 		64.6
(2.54) 		55.6
(2.19) 		54.3
(2.14) 		51.8
(2.04) 		56.7
(2.23) 		56.5
(2.22) 		49.6
(1.95) 		582.3
(22.92)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.0 8.9 8.4 8.4 8.6 9.8 9.8 9.4 8.6 10.1 11.3 10.4 113.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 59.8 80.9 117.6 158.5 195.6 176.8 192.5 178.8 137.7 99.9 64.6 53.9 1,516.6
Source 1: Met Office[61]
Source 2: KNMI[62]

Demography

Tower blocks in Doncaster

In the 2011 census the town of Doncaster (identified as the "built-up area subdivision") had a population of 109,805,[63] while the wider "Built-up area" had a population of 158,141.[64] The Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster had a 2011 population of 302,402,[65] while a 2021 estimate was 308,000.[66]

The 2011 census figure makes Doncaster's population very slightly larger than that of Rotherham (pop 109,691).[67][68]

Doncaster compared 2011 Doncaster
Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster
White British 84.9% 91.8%
Asian 5.3% 2.5%
Black 1.3% 0.8%

Economy

Doncaster Market Place Panoramic
The High Street in Doncaster city centre.

Doncaster emerged as an industrial centre in the late 18th to 20th centuries. Its communications, particularly its waterways, meant that it became extremely busy and experienced migration to its centre. Underneath Doncaster lies a huge natural resource by way of deep seam coal.

Distribution centres

Doncaster's proximity to major urban centres and motorway/rail infrastructure gives it a number of major distribution centres, including the 420-acre

Amazon.com, Lidl and Faberge
. A marked proportion of fresh and frozen goods for northern supermarkets is dispatched by road from Doncaster.

Regeneration initiatives

Frenchgate
shopping centre
Doncaster College

On 5 March 2004, Doncaster was granted

Doncaster Lakeside, as home to the Doncaster Rovers ground, has undergone modernisation. Doncaster has a bowling alley and a cinema near Lakeside. The Dome, opened in 1989 by Princess Diana
, contains a swimming pool, gym, ice rink and café.

The

Frenchgate Centre is a shopping centre and transport interchange. Opened in June 2006,[69]
it connects with the railway and bus stations. Lakeside Village, a retail outlet with some 45 retail shops and restaurants lies along the
A6182
dual carriageway. The Waterdale area of the town centre is currently undergoing rejuvenation, with a new theatre (known as CAST), new civic offices and a new public square having been completed on the site of the Waterdale car park. The old council house and civic theatre have been demolished and new housing is being built in the town itself, opposite Doncaster Racecourse, and in out-of-town suburbs.

Confectionery

During the 19th and 20th centuries, confectioners based in Doncaster included Parkinson's[70] the Butterscotch inventors, Nuttalls Mintoes[71] and Murray Mints. In August 2011, Parkinson's put its 190-year-old trademark up for sale on eBay.[72]

Coal and industrial expansion

The waterways,

River Don and Don Navigation were used to transport coal from Doncaster to the steel production centres at Rotherham, Scunthorpe and Sheffield
.

A large number of mining jobs were lost in the late 1980s. Today coal mining has ceased.

polymers was built in Wheatley Hall Road. It changed hands during its existence, until DuPont
closed it in the mid-1990s.

Steel foundries, rolling mills and wire mills were built close to the railways that brought steel from Rotherham and Sheffield.

Olympic Stadium for the 2012 Olympic Games.[73]

During the

Second World Wars
, the town became involved in munitions manufacture.

The railways and locomotive works

Main article: Doncaster Works

During the

Great Northern Railway
established the Doncaster Locomotive and Carriage Building Works; this was to meet Doncaster's communication needs, the necessity to transport coal quickly and efficiently, and due to Doncaster's expertise in specialist metal products. An extensive housing programme was undertaken for the increased population. The Chairman of the Great Northern, anxious about the workers and their families' spiritual welfare, persuaded the directors to contribute towards the building of St James's Church, which became known as the Plant Church; the railway also built St James's School.

The Doncaster Plant became famous for building

LNER locomotives Flying Scotsman and Mallard, as well as many thousands more locomotives.[74] By August 2008, most of the plant complex had been razed to make way for a very large housing development. As of 2023, the owner of what remains of the plant, Wabtec, performs the overhaul, maintenance and refurbishment of rail vehicles and associated components.[75]

Doncaster railway station

Today, Doncaster railway station is a principal stop and interchange on the East Coast Main Line; it is linked directly to towns and cities across the UK.

Doncaster PSB is one of the largest signalling centres on the UK network, controlling hundreds of route-miles of railway. Doncaster International Railport and Doncaster iPort are important road-rail intermodal terminals. The rail freight company DB Cargo UK has its headquarters in Doncaster.[76]

Also nearby is one of the two National College for Advanced Transport and Infrastructure campuses that specialises in courses relating to the railways and transport systems.[77]

Aviation

Main article: RAF Doncaster
Doncaster Sheffield Airport

In 1909,

Star Spangled Banner
. Unfortunately, he crashed his aeroplane on the first day of the meeting and made no significant flights.

During the

First World War, fighters based first on the racecourse, then at a temporary airstrip near Finningley (later RAF Finningley and now Doncaster Sheffield Airport) and finally, in 1916, on a newly built airfield alongside the racecourse, were deployed to defend the east coast against Zeppelins. On several occasions fighters took off to search for intruders but none were ever seen. The Royal Flying Corps station trained pilots for the war in France. Within months of the war ending the station was put up for sale and two of its three Belfast hangars, the same type that now forms the basis for the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon, were sold to a Sheffield motor manufacturing company for storage and assembly at Finningley
. The third of the hangars stayed in place, mainly housing buses, until the 1970s, when it was knocked down and replaced with modern buildings.

In 1920, the government asked local authorities to assist in forming a chain of airfields for civil air services. Doncaster, with expert advice from

posthumous Victoria Cross
.

After the war the airfield reverted to civilian flying, and finally closed in 1992.

Tractor production

Ploughing by tractor

In 1930, International Harvester (IH) started the production of agricultural implements at a factory on Wheatley Hall Road and later at another in the Carr Hill area of Doncaster. The first tractor built at the factory was a Farmall M, which came off the production line on 13 September 1949.[78] Tractors were initially built from parts shipped from the US. The Wheatley Hall Road factory was extended after the war with a new foundry to make the heavy castings. The factory started Crawler tractor production in 1953. By 1960, the factory was making a range of tractors from scratch, designed specifically for British and European markets and sold under the 'McCormick International' name. Assembly moved in 1965 to the Carr Hill plant. In 1983, tractor production was moved to IH's other Doncaster factory at Wheatley Hall. In 1985, International Harvester sold its agricultural division to Tenneco, Inc. which then merged it with its subsidiary J.I. Case to form Case IH, which continued to design and build its European tractor range in Doncaster, but shutting the David Brown Ltd. tractor factory near Huddersfield. The 350,000th tractor came off the production line in 1999.

In 2000, the factory was purchased by ARGO SpA, an Italian-based agricultural equipment builder. Doncaster was the sole production site of the McCormick Tractors brand, and the factory employed around 380 people (although about 1,100 people are employed in the worldwide McCormick group). In December 2006, the parent company, ARGO Spa, announced that the Doncaster facility would close in 2007, with the loss of around 325 jobs. The announcement was made only a week before Christmas. Sixty-one years of tractor production in Doncaster ended in 2007.

Culture and tourism

The Mansion House and New Betting Room, Doncaster, engraved by John Rogers after a drawing by Nathaniel Whittock, published by Isaac Taylor Hinton,[79] London, 1829. The architect was James Paine, 1746–1748.

Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery opened as the town's main museum in 1964. It covers natural history, archaeology, local history and fine and decorative art.[80] It has a major exhibition of silverware and trophies won at Doncaster Racecourse. It also houses the Regimental Museum of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.

Yorkshire Wildlife Park

Doncaster is home to Yorkshire Wildlife Park, which has over 400 animals and over 70 different species, including the only polar bears in England .

The South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum (formerly AeroVenture) is based on the old site of RAF Doncaster at Doncaster Lakeside. The Trolleybus Museum in the nearby village of Sandtoft specialises in preserving trolleybuses, and claims to have the largest collection of them in Europe, with over 60 examples. Markham Grange Steam Museum, in a garden centre in the nearby village of Brodsworth, has a private collection of steam engines. Ashworth Barracks Museum is a military museum in Balby telling the story of the men awarded the Victoria Cross. It also houses a First World War exhibit including a "Weekers Helmet", one of only two known that exist in the UK.

Since 1973, Doncaster has been the home of the Doncaster Youth Jazz Association (DYJA). Founded by John Ellis, DYJA has been a training ground for generations of amateur and professional jazz musicians including, Andy Cato (of Groove Armada), Denis Rollins, John Escreet, Nadim Teimoori and Reuben Fowler.

In 1956, Tish the goldfish was won at a funfair in Doncaster. Tish lived till the age of 43 becoming the world's oldest known goldfish.[81]

Theatre and cinemas

  • Cast is a £22 million venue opened officially on Monday 2 September 2013. Cast includes a 620-seat auditorium, a flexible studio space, drama studio, dance studio, education and ancillary space, and a large foyer with a café. Its director was Kully Thiarai, formerly of the Contact Theatre, Manchester.[82]
  • The Doncaster Little Theatre is a 99-seat community theatre which puts on 12 of its own in-house shows including a pantomime, along with two Afternoon Cabarets a month during the day. Hire companies also use the theatre space for their own shows.
  • The town has an 11-screen multiplex
    Vue which was expanded as part of a £5 million upgrade.[83]
  • The six-screen Savoy Cinema opened in May 2021.[84]
  • Events and concerts take place at
    The Dome Leisure Centre
    .

Nightlife

The Silver Street, Cleveland Street and High Street areas have over 40 bars and clubs within a 2–3-minute walk of each other and other bars can be found on Priory Walk, Lazarus Court, Bradford Row and around the Market Place. Various restaurants serving food from around the world can also be found in the city centre, especially in the Netherhall and Copley Road areas.

Transport

Railway

Station frontage

Doncaster railway station is a major interchange station and principal stop on the East Coast Main Line, serving this important railway town. It has nine platforms in use.

The station is served by seven

train operating companies
:

Road

Doncaster sits on the European route E15 and is the starting point of European route E13. The E13 connects Doncaster, Sheffield and Nottingham to London. In the United Kingdom, European route designators are not displayed on road signs. The intended motorway design is evidenced in road maps. The M1 was extended northward to Leeds, which is why the E13 starts at Doncaster and follows the path of the M18 and the M1.

Doncaster is situated on the A1(M) and M18 motorways, within 20 minutes of the key M1 and M62 motorways. The 15 mi (24 km) A1(M) motorway bypass cost £6 million and was opened by Ernest Marples in 1961. The former route is now the A638 and partly the A614 to Blyth.

Buses

Bus services in the area are operated predominantly by

Newcastle.[92]

New developments include campus facilities for

Frenchgate Centre
. The extension to the shopping centre and the new bus station opened on 8 June 2006, when all Doncaster bus routes started to use the station.

Air

Until 2022, Doncaster was a European hub with an international airport.

Peel Group cited it was unlikely to return to profitability.[93] The airport was closed in 2023, it was largely confirmed before the announcement as a result of the Civil Aviation Authority downgrading the surrounding airspace.[94]

Cycling

Cycling in Doncaster is increasingly more popular. Its situation on the Trans Pennine Trail means it is connected to other surrounding towns. Additionally, cycle lanes are being installed across the borough allowing for safer road commuter cycling.

Media

Television

Doncaster is served by BBC Yorkshire from Leeds which broadcasts the flagship nightly news programme Look North. ITV Yorkshire is the local ITV franchise.

Radio

Doncaster is served by several commercial and community radio stations. For 22 years,

TX1 Radio was set up following the closure of Trax FM and broadcasts exclusively on DAB radio
to Doncaster and Bassetlaw.

Hallam FM
also broadcast to the city.

Sine FM is a community radio station broadcasting to Doncaster's central business district and inner suburbs on FM. TMCR 95.3 is a community radio station based in Thorne serving North East Doncaster on FM.

Station Frequency Transmitter
BBC Radio 2 89.3 FM Holme Moss
BBC Radio 3 91.5 FM Holme Moss
BBC Radio 4 93.7 FM Holme Moss
TMCR FM 95.3 FM Thorne
Viking FM
 96.9 FM High Hunsley
BBC Radio 1 98.9 FM Holme Moss
Classic FM 101.1 FM Holme Moss
Sine FM 102.6 FM Doncaster
Hallam FM
 103.4 FM Clifton
BBC Radio Sheffield 104.1 FM Holme Moss
Capital Yorkshire 105.1 FM Emley Moor
Capital Yorkshire 105.8 FM High Hunsley
Heart Yorkshire 106.2 FM Emley Moor
Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire 107.1 FM Doncaster
TMCR FM 107.5 FM Epworth
Great Yorkshire Radio
 DAB Various
TX1 Radio
 DAB Various

Print media

The

Sheffield Star printed daily. The Yorkshire Post is the local daily broadsheet newspaper from Leeds. The Dearne Valley Weekender is a weekly newspaper targeted towards the Dearne Valley
, which includes some parts of South West Doncaster, although it is widely available across the town.

Sport

Racecourse

Main article: Doncaster Racecourse
Doncaster Racecourse

From around the 16th century, Doncaster embraced the wealthy stagecoach trade. This led to horse breeding in Doncaster, which in turn led to the start of horseraces there. The earliest important race in Doncaster's history was the Doncaster Gold Cup, first run over Cantley Common in 1766. The Doncaster Cup is the oldest continuing regulated horserace in the world.

Rugby football

Doncaster Community Stadium

Founded in 1951,

RFL Championship, with its home at the Eco-Power Stadium
.

Doncaster Knights currently play in rugby union's RFU Championship, with their home at Castle Park.

Football

2007 Football League Trophy Final

Doncaster's only fully professional football club, Doncaster Rovers, play at the Eco-Power Stadium. The city is also home to a number of non-league clubs, playing at smaller grounds based in the various suburbs. Clubs in the city are usually affiliated to the Sheffield and Hallamshire FA.

Doncaster is also home to one of England's most successful and historic women's clubs, Doncaster Rovers Belles, who play at the Iqbal Poultry Stadium. The club had, until recent years, a long tradition of providing England internationals and was a founder member of the FA WSL.[95]

Doncaster also played host to England's women for their multi-record breaking 20–0 win over Latvia in a European qualifier for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.[96]

Others

Speedway racing was staged at Doncaster Greyhound Stadium in 1969 and 1970. The team was known as the Stallions and then the Dragons. The team raced in the British League Second Division.

Doncaster has a men's basketball team called the Doncaster Danum Eagles who compete in National League Division 2. Doncaster additionally has an American football team called the Doncaster Mustangs, who are in Division 1 of the British American Football League.

The town also has regular involvement in the Tour de Yorkshire cycling event, having the finish line of stage two, of the 2016 Tour de Yorkshire hosted in Doncaster, as well as the finish line of stage one of the 2018 Tour de Yorkshire hosted in the town as well.

International links

Doncaster is

twinned
with:

Several roads in the Lakeside area are named after Doncaster's twin towns, such as Gliwice Way, Herten Way, Wilmington Drive and Carolina Way, named after the state where Wilmington lies.

Former

  • 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine)[100]

Notable people

John McLaughlin

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Weather station is located 6 miles (10 km) from the Doncaster town centre.

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doncaster.
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