Donetsk Oblast
Donetsk Oblast
Донецька область | |
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Donetska oblast[1] | |
UP05 | |
Website | dn.gov.ua |
Donetsk Oblast
The oblast is known for its urban sprawl of Donetsk–Makiivka and Horlivka–Yenakiieve and it is often associated with the coal mining industry.
In 2014, parts of the oblast, including Donetsk, came under the control of Russian-backed separatists who declared the
History
Before the establishment of the Donetsk Oblast, three districts (
During the Nazi German occupation from fall 1941 to fall 1943, Donetsk Oblast was known as Yuzivka Oblast (after the original name of Donetsk).
As part of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union, in 1961 Stalino and Stalino Oblast were renamed Donetsk and Donetsk Oblast.
During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, 83.9% of voters in Donetsk Oblast approved Ukraine's declaration of independence in the 1991 referendum.[8]
In the mid-1990s, the region became known for its heightened criminal activity, including the killings of high-profile business people such as Akhat Bragin and Yevhen Shcherban. Donetsk Oblast was also a base for Ukraine's main pro-Russian political faction, Party of Regions, which became part of the Ukrainian government in 2002 and paved a way into Ukrainian politics for the powerful "Donetsk Clan".
In late 2004, the Party of Regions was involved in the creation of a political project, the
On 30 September 2022 Russia
Geography
Donetsk Oblast is located in southeastern Ukraine. The area of the oblast (26,517 km2) comprises about 4.4% of the total area of the country. The oblast borders the Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts to the southwest, the Kharkiv Oblast to the north, the Luhansk Oblast to the northeast, the Rostov Oblast in Russia to the east, and the Sea of Azov to the south.
Its extent from north to south is 270 km, from east to west – 190 km. The extreme points of the oblast's borders are: Bilosarayska Kosa (spit) in the south, Shevchenko of Velykonovosilkivskyi Raion in the west, Verkhnyi Kut of Shakhtarskyi Raion in the east, and Lozove of Lyman Raion in the north.
The state historic-architectural site near the city of Sviatohirsk with the Sviatohirsk Lavra was nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.
Administrative divisions
Since 2020, Donetsk Oblast has been divided into eight
Map | No. | Name in English | Name in Ukrainian | Romanization | Admin. centre |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kramatorsk Raion | Краматорський район | Kramatorskyi raion | Kramatorsk | |
2 | Bakhmut Raion | Бахмутський район | Bakhmutskyi raion | Bakhmut | |
3 | Pokrovsk Raion | Покровський район | Pokrovskyi raion | Pokrovsk | |
4 | Horlivka Raion | Горлівський район | Horlivskyi raion | Horlivka | |
5 | Volnovakha Raion | Волноваський район | Volnovaskyi raion | Volnovakha | |
6 | Donetsk Raion | Донецький район | Donetskyi raion | Donetsk | |
7 | Mariupol Raion | Маріупольський район | Mariupolskyi raion | Mariupol | |
8 | Kalmiuske Raion | Кальміуський район | Kalmiuskyi raion | Kalmiuske |
Each raion is in turn divided up into hromadas.
Demographics
In 2013, the population of Donetsk Oblast was 4.43 million, which constituted 10% of the overall Ukrainian population, making it the most populous and most densely populated region of the country, except for the cities with special status (Kyiv and Sevastopol). Its large population is due to the presence of several big industrial cities and numerous villages agglomerated around them.
During the 2004 presidential election, political supporters of Viktor Yanukovych threatened to demand autonomy for Donetsk and neighboring oblasts if the election of their candidate was not recognised. However, no official moves were ever made.[citation needed]
At the
At the 2001 census, the languages spoken within the oblast were: Russian (spoken by 98.6% of Russians living there, 58.7% of Ukrainians, 58.7% of Greeks, and 85.5% of Belarusians) and Ukrainian (spoken by 41.2% of Ukrainians, 1.3% of Russians, 3.2% of Greeks, and 3.9% of Belarusians).[11]
Year | Fertility | Birth | Year | Fertility | Birth | Year | Fertility | Birth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 1,6 | 58 050 | 2000 | 0,9 | 30 042 | 2010 | 1,2 | 41 258 |
1991 | 1,5 | 54 466 | 2001 | 0,9 | 29 931 | 2011 | 1,3 | 41 720 |
1992 | 1,4 | 50 258 | 2002 | 0,9 | 31 216 | 2012 | 1,3 | 42 839 |
1993 | 1,3 | 46 344 | 2003 | 0,9 | 33 433 | |||
1994 | 1,2 | 43 195 | 2004 | 1,0 | 35 526 | |||
1995 | 1,1 | 38 808 | 2005 | 1,0 | 35 883 | |||
1996 | 1,1 | 36 349 | 2006 | 1,1 | 39 327 | |||
1997 | 1,0 | 34 347 | 2007 | 1,2 | 40 560 | |||
1998 | 1,0 | 33 518 | 2008 | 1,3 | 44 394 | |||
1999 | 0,9 | 30 503 | 2009 | 1,3 | 43 373 |
Age structure
- 0–14 years: 12.6% (male 283,584/female 266,977)
- 15–64 years: 70.4% (male 1,453,273/female 1,619,241)
- 65 years and over: 17.0% (male 243,048/female 496,434) (2013 official)
Median age
- total: 41.9 years
- male: 38.0 years
- female: 45.8 years (2013 official)
Economy
Industry
The Donetsk Oblast accounts for more than one half of the coal, finished steel, coke, cast iron and steel production in Ukraine. Ferrous metallurgy, fuel industry and power industry are in demand in the structure of industry production. There are about 882 industry enterprises that are on independent balance, and 2,095 small industry enterprises in the oblast.[12]
The oblast has a developed transport infrastructure which includes the Donetsk railway (covers 40% of national transportation), the Mariupol Port, the Donetsk International Airport, passenger airports in Mariupol and Kramatorsk, and dense road systems. In the Donetsk Oblast two special economic zones have been created, Donetsk and Azov, which have a privileged tax regime.[12]
Agriculture
In 1999, the gross grain yield in the oblast was about 999.1 thousand tons, sugar beets – 27.1 thousand tons, sunflower seeds – 309.4 thousand tons, and potatoes – 380.2 thousand tons.[12] Also, 134.2 thousand tons of meat, 494.3 thousand tons of milk and 646.4 million eggs have been produced. At the beginning of 1999 there were 2108 farms within the oblast.[12]
Geology
The Donetsk Oblast's climate is mostly continental, which is characterised by hot summers and relatively cold winters with changeable snow surfaces. East and southeast strong winds, high temperatures and heavy rain showers are typical in the summer. The average annual rainfall is 524 mm.
The basic minerals found here are: coal (reserves – 25 billion tons), rock salt, lime carbonate, potassium, mercury, asbestos, and graphite. The area is also rich in fertile black earth.
Important resources for recreation within the area are: the mild climate, the Sea of Azov coast, curative mud, sources of minerals, and radon and table water. Due to these numerous recreation resources, many resort hotels and camps are located here. There are about 26 health centres and pensions, 52 rest homes and boarding houses, and rest camps for children in the oblast.[12]
The curative[clarification needed] areas in the oblast include the Slovyansk salt lakes and mineral water sources. The oblast also contains many park zones, some of which are of great national value. They include the Khomutivsky steppe and the Azov sea coast. Overall, the Donetsk Oblast contains about 70 protected park and nature attractions including branches of the Ukrainian steppe park, six state reserves, ten memorials of nature, landscapes, and six park tracts.[12]
Polls
During the 1991 referendum, 83.90% of votes in Donetsk Oblast were in favour of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, fourth lowest in the country after Crimea, Sevastopol and Luhansk Oblast. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 18.5% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 53.8% did not support the idea, 22.5% were undecided, and 5.2% did not respond; insurgent-controlled areas (which hold over 50% of the population)[13] were not polled.[14]
Gallery
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Regional Administration of Donetsk
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Shakhtarsko-Rukhiv rally
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Donetsk
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Mariupol
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Jubilee coin of the National Bank of Ukraine
See also
Notes
- ^ Ukrainian: Донецька область, romanized: Donetska oblast, IPA: [doˈnɛtsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ], Russian: Донецкая область
References
- )
- ^ "Zelensky appoints new governors of Donetsk, Rivne oblasts". The Kyiv Independent. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ Kalatur, Anastasia (22 April 2022). "Donetsk Region: Almost three quarters of the population left – regional head". Pravda. Ukrainia Pravda. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
Almost three quarters of the population have left the Ukrainian-controlled territory of Donetsk Region – currently there are about 430 thousand people left. – Head of the Donetsk Regional State Administration, Pavlo Kyrylenko, during the joint 24/7 national news broadcast, quoted by Ukraine's Centre for Strategic Communications and Information Security.
- ^ "Валовии регіональнии продукт".
- ^ Kikhtenko to move Donetsk administration to Kramatorsk and to leave power structures in Mariupol Archived 19 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Mirror Weekly, mw.ua
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ "Kikhtenko to move Donetsk administration to Kramatorsk and to leave power structures in Mariupol". Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Russian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ "Independence – over 90% vote yes in referendum; Kravchuk elected president of Ukraine]". The Ukrainian Weekly. 8 December 1991. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "Ukraine: UN General Assembly demands Russia reverse course on 'attempted illegal annexation'". 12 October 2022.
- ^ Ukrcensus.gov.ua — Donetsk region URL accessed on 13 January 2007
- Ukrainian Census. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived from the originalon 18 May 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine — Donetsk Region URL accessed on 13 January 2007
- ^ "Self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic governs most residents". TASS. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
- ^ Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії [Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015.
External links
- Information Card of the Region – Official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
- www.citylife.donetsk.ua – Official Donetsk city guide – English
- donoda.gov.ua – Official site of Donetsk Oblast Administration (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian)
- catalogue.biz.ua – Post codes directory of Donetsk Oblast (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian)
- Media related to Donetsk Oblast at Wikimedia Commons