Dongcheng, Beijing
Dongcheng
东城区 | ||
---|---|---|
Postal code 100010, 100061 | ||
Area code | 0010 | |
Website | http://www.bjdch.gov.cn/ |
Dongcheng District (
Settlement in the area dates back over a millennium. It did not formally become a district of the city until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911. The name Dongcheng was first given to it in a 1958 reorganization; it has existed in its current form since a 2010 merger with the former Chongwen to its south.
Dongcheng includes many of Beijing's major cultural attractions, such as the
Geography
Dongcheng is often described, and depicted on simplified maps, as the eastern half of the area inside the
Boundary
From Tiananmen at the north end of the eponymous square the district boundary follows West Chang'an Avenue to Chang Street, where it turns north, taking in Zhongshan Park as it follows the western moat of the Forbidden City. At Wenzhin Street it turns eastward to follow Jingshan Front Street between the Forbidden City and Jingshan Park. It resumes its northward course along Jingshan East Street, turning west along Jingshan Back Street, thus leaving all of Jingshan in Xicheng to the west.[3]
At Di'anmen Inner Street it turns north again, following the east–west line that formally divided Beijing in the mid-15th century. After a short turn to the west at the Bell and Drum Towers along Gulou West Street, it resumes its northward course along Jiugulou Street, which it follows north for several kilometers, past the 2nd Ring Road to Andeli Street North, where it turns west. At the street's end, the edge of Rendinghu Park, it follows the park edge to the northeast.[3]
The boundary turns east at Huangsi Street, following the rear property lines of buildings on the north side. It crosses the street again a block east of Gulou Outer Street, where it follows the northern edge of Liuyin Park. From the park's northeastern corner it goes due east to Andingmen Outer Street, where it turns north.[3]
It continues north across the 3rd Ring Road for a kilometer to Jian'an East Road, where it turns east, just south of Yuan Dadu City Wall Ruins Park. This is the district's northernmost section, bordering on Chaoyang. After 500m, it zigzags south, southeast and then west again along local streets to Shenggu Middle Road. There it turns south and crosses the Ring Road again, continuing on Xiaohangzhuang North Street. Another zigzag takes it along Xiaohangzhuang, Xinghua, and Qingniangou roads to Heipingli East Street, where it turns south, to turn east again along Heiplingli North Street.[3]
At Jiaolin Alley it turns south again, following another irregular path through the neighborhoods here to just east of Minwang Hutong. At the river paralleling the Second Ring Road on its north, it turns east briefly to follow that, cross under the Airport Expressway along Xiangheyuan Middle Street. A short section detours north to take in some of the buildings on the north side of Xiangheyuan Road, after which it returns to what is now Xiangheyuan North Street.[3]
Turning southeast along Zuojiazhuang West Street, the boundary turns to follow the north bank of the Landmark River eastward at the Chunxiu Road intersection. The river bends to the east and then southeast, where a short tributary comes in 200 m west of Chunxiu. It follows that back to Chunxiu at its intersection with Dongzhimen Outer Street.[3]
Rejoining Chunxiu, the boundary stays with it for another 1 km (0.62 mi) to
From that point the boundary largely follows the ring road south, with a few diversions to take in all of the exit ramps at the Jianguomen Street interchange and some open land at the Tonghui River to its south.
It then follows Yongdingmen, Tianqiao, and Qianmen streets due north back to the southern end of Tian'anmen Square. There it turns west briefly, then goes up the square's west road between the China Numismatic Museum and the Great Hall of the People. At the square's north end is West Chang'an Avenue.[3]
Buildings and geography
Like most of Beijing, the district is consistently level, with an elevation of 30–50 metres (98–164 ft) above sea level, reflecting the city's location on the North China Plain.[5] There are a few significant bodies of water, all lakes in parks—Liuyin Lake in that park and Youth Lake in Qingnianhu Park, both in the district's northern portion, and Dragon Lake in Longtan Park at the district's southeast corner. On the west central edge is the moat surrounding the Forbidden City. The Nanchang River, heavily channelized from its days as the once-walled city's north moat, flows across the district's north, with the South Moat paralleling the 2nd Ring Road along its southern boundary. Along the southern edge of the Forbidden City another small stream, the Changpu River, flows above ground for a kilometer.
Much of the district is densely developed, with major streets following a
The most significant non-park
Architecture in the district varies greatly. It ranges in form from the small one and two-story ancient stone houses in the
History
Dongcheng's history dates back over a millennium, long predating the city's current boundaries. Settlement of the area between the city's inner and outer walls began during the Liao dynasty in the 10th century C.E., when small hamlets began to form outside the northeastern corner of what was then the city (now the Forbidden City). Growth continued through the Jin dynasty, which succeeded the Liao in the 12th century.[12]
Under the Jin, the area first became known as the northeastern part of the capital, then known as Zhongdu. When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty later in the century, he rebuilt the city and renamed it Dadu. As part of that project, the future Dongcheng district's boundaries were first officially drawn, although they were different from today's.[12]
The
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the area began to become a desirable residence for both government officials and the merchants who sold to them, due to its proximity to the palace. They built themselves the siheyuan courtyard-style houses that remain a valued part of the district's cultural heritage. The Qings stationed four divisions of their army in the district, which was officially at the time part of Daxing County (now a district south of the city).[12]
The overthrow of the Qings and the establishment of the
Four decades later, the
Secondly, many of the wealthy siheyuan residents fled to
Often many poorer residents found themselves displaced, unable to afford the luxury housing that replaced their demolished homes. In the 1990s it was estimated that 40% of Beijing's Old City, which includes Dongcheng, had been demolished; some predictions suggest that if demolition continues at its current pace, eventually 90% of the Old City will be gone.[15] Efforts by preservationists to protect the hutongs were only partly successful, and developers and officials often ignored them. A battle over the city's proposed redevelopment of South Chizi Street, alongside the Forbidden City's southeast corner, at first attracted attention due to its high-visibility location, but ultimately only nine of over 200 siheyuans in the blocks east of the street escaped demolition. They have been replaced by architecturally sympathetic new construction that is among the most expensive housing in the city.[16]
Government
Dongcheng is run by several committees. The District Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is its local organization. The District People's Congress is responsible for most major decisions, as well as implementing national and local laws and regulations. Its members, all appointed by the CCP, elect their leadership and local officials. The People's Government, composed of several local commissions, makes local laws and enforces administrative policy. Lastly, the district committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference serves an advisory function. All four committees are headed by chairs, appointed by the CCP to five-year terms.[17]
While most of China's major government bodies are headquartered in the neighboring Xicheng District, there are a hundred lesser ones in offices throughout Dongcheng. Two major agencies in the district are the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), which occupies a large building on Dongsi Street, and the China Maritime Safety Administration, on Jianguomen Inner Avenue.[18][19] The Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau is also headquartered in Dongcheng,[20] as is the China International Development Cooperation Agency (China Aid).[21]
Economy
In 2017, the regional GDP of the district was 392.07 billion yuan,[22] with GDP per capita at 321.4 thousand yuan.
Owing to its many tourist attractions, much of Dongcheng's economy is in the
While most of Beijing's major corporate buildings are located in the city's central business district in the Chaoyang District to Dongcheng's north and east, some are within the district. China National Petroleum Corporation and subsidiary PetroChina share one headquarters facility just inside the district at the Chaoyangmen intersection along the 2nd Ring Road.[26][27] Air Koryo has an office in the Swissôtel Beijing in Dongcheng District.[28]
Beijing's current
Administrative divisions
The district contains 17 subdistricts:[30]
Name | S ) |
Hanyu Pinyin |
Population (2010)[31] | Area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jingshan Subdistrict | 景山街道 | Jǐngshān Jiēdào | 40,308 | 1.64 |
Donghuamen Subdistrict | 东华门街道 | Dōnghuámén Jiēdào | 61,366 | 5.35 |
Jiaodaokou Subdistrict | 交道口街道 | Jiāodàokǒu Jiēdào | 49,196 | 1.45 |
Andingmen Subdistrict | 安定门街道 | Āndìngmén Jiēdào | 44,358 | 1.76 |
Beixinqiao Subdistrict | 北新桥街道 | Běixīnqiáo Jiēdào | 82,273 | 2.62 |
Dongsi Subdistrict | 东四街道 | Dōngsì Jiēdào | 43,731 | 1.53 |
Chaoyangmen Subdistrict | 朝阳门街道 | Cháoyángmén Jiēdào | 36,702 | 1.24 |
Jianguomen Subdistrict | 建国门街道 | Jiànguómén Jiēdào | 57,170 | 2.70 |
Dongzhimen Subdistrict | 东直门街道 | Dōngzhímén Jiēdào | 46,018 | 2.07 |
Hepingli Subdistrict | 和平里街道 | Hépínglǐ Jiēdào | 112,058 | 5.02 |
Qianmen Subdistrict | 前门街道 | Qiánmén Jiēdào | 12,924 | 1.10 |
Chongwenmenwai Subdistrict | 崇文门外街道 | Chóngwénménwài Jiēdào | 48,817 | 1.12 |
Donghuashi Subdistrict | 东花市街道 | Dōnghuāshì Jiēdào | 52,775 | 1.92 |
Longtan Subdistrict | 龙潭街道 | Lóngtán Jiēdào | 56,257 | 3.06 |
Tiyuguan Road Subdistrict | 体育馆路街道 | Tǐyùguǎnlù Jiēdào | 40,303 | 1.84 |
Tiantan Subdistrict | 天坛街道 | Tiāntán Jiēdào | 50,304 | 4.03 |
Yongdingmenwai Subdistrict | 永定门外街道 | Yǒngdìngménwài Jiēdào | 84,693 | 3.33 |
Transport
Metro
Dongcheng is currently served by nine metro lines of the Beijing Subway:
- Jianguomen 2
- Guloudajie 8
- Tiantandongmen
- Chaoyangmen 2
- Guangqumenwai
- Dongzhimen 2 Capital Airport
- Jingtai
- Beixinqiao 5
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Throughout Dongcheng are many of Beijing's public schools. Some of its high schools have been added to
Beijing No. 25 Middle School has a dual Chinese-Canadian diploma program.[35]
The Beijing Dongcheng Huimin Elementary School (北京市东城区回民小学) serves the local Hui population.[36]
Post-secondary schools
From its founding in the early 20th century to the
Shortly after the university moved, Mao established the Central Academy of Drama, the only institution of higher education currently in the district. Many accomplished Chinese actors have graduated from it, and it is considered one of the best drama schools in China, East Asia and Asia. It is located on Dongmianhua Hutong, a short distance west of Nanluoguxiang.[37]
Visitor attractions
Some of the well-known areas in Dongcheng District are:
- Forbidden City
- Zhongshan Park
- Tiananmen
- Tiananmen Square
- Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
- National Museum of China
- Legation Quarter
- Qianmen
- Wangfujing
- Yonghe Temple
- Temple of Confucius
- Guozijian(Imperial College)
- Temple of Earth
- St. Joseph's Catholic Church (Dong Tang)
- Drum Tower & Bell Tower
- Great Leap Brewing
- National Art Museum of China
- Zhihua Temple
- Youth Science & Technology Museum (Qingshaonian Kejiguan)
- Donghuamen Night Market
- Temple of Heaven
- Longtan Park
- Qingnianhu Park
- Huashi
- Chaonei No. 81
Twin cities
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See also
References
- ^ a b "Tourism and Culture". Dongcheng District People's Government. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ ISBN 9789814163026. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dongcheng All-in-One Tourism Map (Map) (in Chinese and English). Dongcheng District. 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
- ^ a b Beijing District Map (Map). 1:440,000. China Online Tours. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ "Geography and Climate". Dongcheng District. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
- ^ "Temple of Heaven Park". Lonely Planet. 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ "Contacts". Russian Embassy in China. 2000–2014. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ ACME Mapper (Map). Cartography by Google Maps. ACME Corporation. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ a b ACME Mapper (Map). Cartography by Google Maps. ACME Corporation. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ ACME Mapper (Map). Cartography by Google Maps. ACME Corporation. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ ACME Mapper (Map). Cartography by Google Maps. ACME Corporation. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Overview". Dongcheng District People's Government. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ISBN 9781568989686. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ISBN 9780226709819. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ^ , Campanella, 150–51
- ^ , Campanella, 153–59
- ^ a b "About Dongcheng District". City of Beijing. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
- ^ "English Archived 2009-09-06 at the Wayback Machine." Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved on June 9, 2009. "北京市东城区东四西大街155号."
- ^ "Home Archived January 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." China Maritime Safety Administration. Retrieved on January 17, 2012. "11#, Jianguomennei Avenue, Beijing, China 100736" - Address in Chinese Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市建国门内大街11号"
- ^ "Home Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine" (English). Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. Retrieved on November 21, 2014. "Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau No.9, Dongdajie, Qianmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing" Address in Chinese Archived 2017-05-31 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市公安局 地址:北京市东城区前门东大街9号 邮政编码:100740"
- ^ "Contact Us". China International Development Cooperation Agency. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
Office address: No. 82 Dong'anmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- ^ http://tjj.beijing.gov.cn/nj/qxnj/2018/zk/indexch.htm "Regional Yearbook of Beijing,2018"
- ^ "Contact Us". Beijing Hotel. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
- ISBN 9781741798463.
- ^ McCrohan and Eimer, 86–87.
- ^ "Contact Us." China National Petroleum Corporation. Retrieved on July 8, 2010.
- ^ "Contact Us Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine." PetroChina. Retrieved on July 8, 2010. "Address: 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, P.R.China."
- ^ "Contact Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine." Air Koryo. Retrieved on August 6, 2009.
- ^ "Decree of Dongcheng District People's Government of Beijing Municipality Encouraging Measures of Dongcheng District on Facilitating Development of Leading Industries and Headquarters Enterprises". Dongcheng District People's Government. 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
- ^ 2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码:东城区 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
- Beijing No.166 High school. Archived from the originalon May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
北京市东城区灯市东口同福夹道3号
- ^ 北京汇文中学 (in Chinese). Beijing Huiwen Middle School. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
- Beijing No.5 High School. 2010. Archived from the originalon May 20, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
- ^ "Introduction of the school" (). Beijing No. 25 Middle School. Retrieved on October 15, 2015. "55 Dengshikou Dajie Beijing, China 100006" - Chinese address Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市东城区灯市口大街55号"
- ^ Home page (Archive). Beijing Dongcheng District Huimin Elementary School. Retrieved on January 10, 2014. "名称:北京市东城区回民小学 地址:北京市东城区朝内大街124号 邮编:100010"
- ^ "The Central Academy of Drama" (in Chinese). Central Academy of Drama. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
东城校区地址:北京市东城区东棉花胡同39号
Further reading
- Lonely Planet Beijing, 10th Edition (Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet Publications, 2007), 133–137.
- Calum MacLeod, "Beijing bulldozes its old neighborhoods: Some decry loss; others cheer change", USA Today, May 27, 2010, p. A7.