Donna Haraway
Donna Haraway | |
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Denver, Colorado | |
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Awards | cyborg feminism, cyborg imagery, primatology , cross species sociality |
Donna J. Haraway is an American professor
Haraway has taught
Biography
Early life
Donna Jeanne Haraway was born on September 6, 1944, in
Education
Haraway majored in zoology, with minors in philosophy and English at the
Later work
Haraway was the recipient of several scholarships. In 1999, Haraway received the Society for Social Studies of Science's (4S) Ludwik Fleck Prize. In September 2000, Haraway was awarded the Society for Social Studies of Science's highest honor, the J. D. Bernal Award, for her "distinguished contributions" to the field.[17] Haraway's most famous essay was published in 1985: "A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the 1980s"[18] and was characterized as "an effort to build an ironic political myth faithful to feminism, socialism, and materialism".
In Haraway's thesis, "Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective" (1988), she means to expose the myth of scientific objectivity. Haraway defined the term "situated knowledges" as a means of understanding that all knowledge comes from positional perspectives.[19] Our positionality inherently determines what it is possible to know about an object of interest.[19] Comprehending situated knowledge "allows us to become answerable for what we learn how to see".[20] Without this accountability, the implicit biases and societal stigmas of the researcher's community are twisted into ground truth from which to build assumptions and hypothesis.[19] Haraway's ideas in "Situated Knowledges" were heavily influenced by conversations with Nancy Hartsock and other feminist philosophers and activists.[21]
Her book Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science (1989) critically focuses on primate research through a feminist lens in order to understand how heterosexual ideology is reflected in primatology.
Currently,[as of?] Haraway is an American professor emerita in the history of consciousness and feminist studies departments at the University of California, Santa Cruz, United States.[22] She lives North of San Francisco with her partner Rusten Hogness.[23] Haraway has stated that she tries to incorporate collective thinking and all perspectives into her work: "I notice if I have cited nothing but white people, if I have erased indigenous people, if I forget non-human beings, etc. ... You know, I run through some old-fashioned, klutzy categories. Race, sex, class, region, sexuality, gender, species ... I know how fraught all those categories are, but I think those categories still do important work."[24]
Major themes
"A Cyborg Manifesto"
In 1985, Haraway published the essay "Manifesto for
Cyborg feminism
In her updated essay "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century", in her book Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (1991), Haraway uses the cyborg metaphor to explain how fundamental contradictions in feminist theory and identity should be conjoined, rather than resolved, similar to the fusion of machine and organism in cyborgs.[25][27][28] The manifesto is also an important feminist critique of capitalism by revealing how men have exploited women's reproduction labor, providing a barrier for women to reach full equality in the labor market.[29]
Primate Visions
Haraway also writes about the
My hope has been that the always oblique and sometimes perverse focusing would facilitate revisions of fundamental, persistent western narratives about difference, especially racial and sexual difference; about reproduction, especially in terms of the multiplicities of generators and offspring; and about survival, especially about survival imagined in the boundary conditions of both the origins and ends of history, as told within western traditions of that complex genre.[31]
Haraway's aim for science is "to reveal the limits and impossibility of its 'objectivity' and to consider some recent revisions offered by feminist primatologists".[32] Haraway presents an alternative perspective to the accepted ideologies that continue to shape the way scientific human nature stories are created.[33] Haraway urges feminists to be more involved in the world of technoscience and to be credited for that involvement. In a 1997 publication, she remarked:
I want feminists to be enrolled more tightly in the meaning-making processes of technoscientific world-building. I also want feminist—activists, cultural producers, scientists, engineers, and scholars (all overlapping categories) — to be recognized for the articulations and enrollment we have been making all along within technoscience, in spite of the ignorance of most "mainstream" scholars in their characterization (or lack of characterizations) of feminism in relation to both technoscientific practice and technoscience studies.[34]
Make Kin not Population: Reconceiving Generations
Haraway created a panel called "Make Kin not Babies" in 2015 with five other feminist thinkers. The panel's emphasis was on moving human numbers down while paying attention to factors, such as the environment, race, and class. A key phrase of Haraway's is "Making babies is different than giving babies a good childhood."[24] She and another panelist, Adele Clarke, later published the book Making Kin not Population: Reconceiving Generations, addressing the growing concern of the increase in the human population and its consequences on our environment.[35]
Speculative fabulation
Speculative fabulation is a concept that is included in many of Haraway's works. It includes all of the wild facts that will not hold still, and it indicates a mode of creativity and the story of the Anthropocene. Haraway stresses how this does not mean it is not a fact. In Staying with the Trouble, she defines speculative fabulation as "a mode of attention, theory of history, and a practice of worlding," and she finds it an integral part of scholarly writing and everyday life.[36] In Haraway's work she addresses a feminist speculative fabulation and its focusing on making kin instead of babies to ensure the good childhood of all children while controlling the population.[24] Making Kin not Population: Reconceiving Generations highlights practices and proposals to implement this theory in society.[35]
The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness
The companion Species Manifesto is to be read as a “personal document”. This work was written to tell the story of cohabitation, coevolution and embodied cross-species sociality.[37] Haraway argues that humans ‘companion’ relationship with dogs can show us the importance of recognizing differences and ‘how to engage with significant otherness'.[38] The link between humans and animals like dogs can show people how to interact with other humans and nonhumans. Haraway believes that we should be using the term "companion species" instead of "companion animals" because of the relationships we can learn through them.[39]
Critical responses to Haraway
Haraway's work has been criticized for being "methodologically vague"[40] and using noticeably opaque language that is "sometimes concealing in an apparently deliberate way".[41] Several reviewers have argued that her understanding of the scientific method is questionable, and that her explorations of epistemology at times leave her texts virtually meaning-free.[41][42]
A 1991 review of Haraway's Primate Visions, published in the
In 2017, ArtReview named Haraway the third most influential person in the contemporary art world, stating that her work "has become part of the art world’s DNA".[44]
Publications
- Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in Twentieth-Century Developmental Biology, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0-300-01864-6
- Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science, Routledge: New York and London, 1989. ISBN 978-0-415-90294-6
- Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, New York: Routledge, and London: ISBN 978-0-415-90387-5
- Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.FemaleMan©Meets_OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience, New York: Routledge, 1997 (winner of the ISBN 0-415-91245-8
- How Like a Leaf: A Conversation with Donna J. Haraway, ISBN 978-0-415-92402-3
- The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness, Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2003. ISBN 0-9717575-8-5
- When Species Meet, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007. ISBN 0-8166-5045-4
- The Haraway Reader, New York: Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0415966892.
- ISBN 978-0-8223-6224-1
- Manifestly Haraway, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0816650484
- Making Kin not Population: Reconceiving Generations, Donna J. Haraway and Adele Clarke, Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2018. ISBN 9780996635561.
See also
- Cyborg anthropology
- Postgenderism
- Postmodernism
- New materialisms
- Sandy Stone
- Techno-progressivism
- Feminist technoscience
- Judith Butler
Citations
- ^ Vasseghi, Laney. "Haraway, Donna". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- S2CID 143725752.
- ^ "Donna Haraway". The European Graduate School. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ "Feminist cyborg scholar Donna Haraway: 'The disorder of our era isn't necessary'". The Guardian. 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ Kunzru, Hari. "You Are Cyborg", in Wired Magazine, 5:2 (1997) 1-7.
- ^ Randolph, Lynn (2009). "Modest Witness". lynnrandolph.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "4S Prizes | Society for Social Studies of Science". www.4sonline.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
- ^ "Science, Knowledge, and Technology Award Recipient History". American Sociological Association. 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ "Yale Graduate School honors four alumni with Wilbur Cross Medals". Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 2017-10-24. Archived from the original on 2022-10-11. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Haraway, Donna J., How Like a Leaf: Donna J. Haraway an interview with Thyrza Nichols Goodeve. Routledge, 2000, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Haraway, Donna J., How Like a Leaf: Donna J. Haraway an interview with Thyrza Nichols Goodeve. Routledge, 2000, pp. 8-9.
- ISSN 0021-1753.
- ^ Haraway, How Like a Leaf (2000), pp. 12, 175
- ^ Haraway, How Like a Leaf (2000), p. 18.
- ^ Library of Congress, Catalog of Copyright Entries Third Series: 1973: January–June
- ^ Haraway, Donna Jeanne, Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in Twentieth-Century Developmental Biology. Yale University Press, 1976.
- ^ "4S Prizes | Society for Social Studies of Science". www.4sonline.org. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
- ^ Haraway, Donna H., "A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the 1980s" https://egs.edu/faculty/donna-haraway (Socialist Review, no. 80)
- ^ S2CID 144207669.
- S2CID 39794636.
- ^ "Feminist cyborg scholar Donna Haraway: 'The disorder of our era isn't necessary'". The Guardian. 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
- ^ "Donna J Haraway". feministstudies.ucsc.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-03-17. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
- ^ Haraway, Donna J., How Like a Leaf: Donna J. Haraway an interview with Thyrza Nichols Goodeve. Routledge, 2000, pp. 2-3.
- ^ S2CID 152133541.
- ^ ISBN 978-0415903875.
- ISBN 9781118663219.
- ISBN 978-0-340-59662-3.
- ISBN 9781118663219.
- ^ Ferguson, Anne and Hennessy, and Rosemary and Nagel Mechthild. “Feminist Perspectives on Class and Work.” Edited by Edward N Zalta, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 2019, https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=feminism-class .
- ^ Carubia, Josephine M., "Haraway on the Map", in Semiotic Review of Books. 9:1 (1998), 4-7.
- ISBN 978-0-415-90294-6
- ^ Russon, Anne. "Deconstructing Primatology?", in Semiotic Review of Books, 2:2 (1991), 9-11.
- ^ Elkins, Charles, "The Uses of Science Fiction", in Science Fiction Studies, 17:2 (1990).
- ISBN 0-415-91245-8.
- ^ ISBN 9780996635561.
- S2CID 149969329.
- JSTOR 10.5749/j.ctt1b7x5f6.
- S2CID 144472509.
- ^ Vasseghi, Laney (2022-02-25). "Donna Haraway". Centre de Cultura Contemporania de Barcelona. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07.
- ISBN 9780198036500.
- ^ .
- ^ S2CID 30428707.
- S2CID 84915418. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
I see Primate Visions as a challenge.
- ^ "Donna Haraway". ArtReview. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
External links
- Donna Haraway Faculty Webpage at UC Santa Cruz, History of Consciousness Program
- Donna Haraway: Storytelling for Earthly Survival, a film by Fabrizio Terranova