Dooars
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2013) |
| Dooars | |
|---|---|
 A tea garden in the Dooars with the Himalayas in the background | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Indomalayan realm |
| Geography | |
| Country |  India
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands |
The Dooars or Duars (
Dooars means 'doors' in
History
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
The Dooars belonged to the Kamata Kingdom under the Koch dynasty;[1] They acted as a trade route between Assam and Bhutan. Assam exports Muga, silk cloth, endi cloth, dried fish and rice and imports consisted of woollen cloth, gold-dust, rock salt, yaktails musk, ponies and blankets from Bhutan.[3]
In the early 17th-century, the combined forces of Ahoms and Koches temporarily checked the Bhutia's transgression. During this period two important Duars on the Darrang frontier, Buriguma and Killing were under Ahoms control. During the Ahom–Mughal conflicts in the mid 17th century, the Bhutias attempted to extend their authority as far as Gohain Kamal Ali.
In the reign of Ahom king
This region was controlled by the kingdom of Bhutan when
The area was divided into two parts: Western Dooars and Eastern Dooars. The Western Dooars were under the Kingdom of
Western Dooars
The Western Dooars are part of the
Eastern Dooars
The Eastern Dooars are part of the Dooars of
Kamrup Dooars
The Kamrup Dooars are part of the Dooars of Lower Assam. Dooars between Manas River and Bornadi River are called Kamrup Dooars.[9] The five Dooars under Kamrup Dooars include Bijni, Chapakhamar, Chapaguri, Banska and Gurkola.[9] Under the Bhutan government, the Kamrup Duars was under a Penlop or Provincial Governor under whom was the Jongpen or Subah.[10] Kamrup Dooars were annexed by the British East India Company in 1841.[6] Today, the area falls under the Nalbari district, Kamrup district and Baksa district of Bodoland Territorial Region.[citation needed]
Darrang Dooars
The Darrang Dooars are part of the Dooars of Lower Assam. Dooars between Bornadi River and Dhansiri River are called Darrang Dooars.[9] The three Dooars under Darrang Dooars include Killing, Buriguma and Koriapar.[9] The Koriapar Dooar was held by the chiefs of the Monpa people who were subordinate to the ruler of Tawang, who in turn were a tributary to the Tibetan government at Lhasa.[9] The Killing, Buriguma were annexed by the East India Company in 1841 and Koriapar Dooars in 1844.[9] The region today falls under the Udalguri and Sonitpur districts of Assam.[citation needed]
Geography and climate
The Dooars region politically constitutes the northern bank of the
The Dooars is dotted with many towns and cities. The largest cities in the region stretching from the Darjeeling foothills to the Arunachal Pradesh foothills are Siliguri and Jalpaiguri, which both partly lie in the Terai region rather the Dooars, geographically. This northern Bengal cities are well connected with the rest of country by road, air and railway and is the business hub of the region.
The other cities are Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Goalpara, Barpeta and Dhubri in Assam. Cooch Behar, Alipurduar, Dhupguri, Malbazar, Mainaguri, Falakata and Birpara are the major cities of the Dooars in West Bengal, and Kishanganj in Bihar.
A number of endangered animals live in the forests of the Dooars like Bengal tiger, Indian rhinoceros, Indian elephant,[11]
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.5 (90.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
38.1 (100.6) |
41.7 (107.1) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.9 (107.4) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 25.6 (78.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.8 (96.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22 (72) |
24.5 (76.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.7 (81.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24 (75) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.7 (45.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23 (0.9) |
24 (0.9) |
34 (1.3) |
76 (3.0) |
249 (9.8) |
628 (24.7) |
843 (33.2) |
589 (23.2) |
403 (15.9) |
121 (4.8) |
10 (0.4) |
11 (0.4) |
3,011 (118.5) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 132 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
69 | 65 | 54 | 63 | 79 | 88 | 90 | 88 | 87 | 80 | 70 | 68 | 75 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| Source 1: normal temperatures[12][13]Ultraviolet Index[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Extremes(India Meteorological Department[15]), Mean maximum and Mean minimum temperatures[16] | |||||||||||||
Notes
- ^ a b c Debnath, S. (2010). The Dooars in Historical Transition (PDF). Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ^ Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). "Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- ^ (Das 1998:28)
- ^ (Gogoi 2016:298)
- ^ (Phuntsho 2013:453)
- ^ a b (Das 1998:31)
- ^ (Das 1998:32)
- ^ "District Census Handbook - Jalpaiguri" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h (Das 1998:26)
- ^ (Das 1998:59)
- ^ Wildlife Times: Elephants of North Bengal Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Climate data for Siliguri". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ "Regional Meteorological Department, Kolkata". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ "Average UV Index for Siliguri". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M229. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ "Climate for Siliguri city". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
References
- Phuntsho, Karma (2013). The History of Bhutan. Penguin Books. ISBN 9781908323583.
- Das, Smriti (1998). Assam Bhutan relations with special reference to duars from 1681 to 1949 (PhD). Guwahati University. hdl:10603/67909. Archived from the originalon 16 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- Gogoi, Nityananda (2016). Historical Geography of Medieval Assam. EBH Publishers (India). ISBN 9383252707.
External links
