Doria (family)

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Doria
Country Republic of Genoa
 Papal States
 Kingdom of Naples
 Kingdom of Sardinia
Principality of Oneglia
Lordship of Dolceacqua
Marquisate of Dolceacqua
Current region Italy
 European Union
Founded10th century
Titles
MottoAltiora peto
Cadet branchesDoria-Pamphili-Landi

The House of Doria (

Ligurian: Döia[1] [ˈdɔːja]) originally de Auria (from de filiis Auriae), meaning "the sons of Auria", and then de Oria or d'Oria, is an old and extremely wealthy Genoese family who played a major role in the history of the Republic of Genoa and in Italy, from the 12th century to the 16th century. Numerous members of the dynasty ruled the republic first as Capitano del popolo and later as Doge
.

Origins

The Battle of Meloria, 1284 a major victory of Oberto Doria followed by his brother, Lamba Doria's victory in 1298 at Curzola

According to legend, a noble Genoese lady named Auria or Oria della Volta fell in love with a noble pilgrim who was going to Jerusalem for the

Counts of Auriate
; one might then speculate that one of the Arduinici of Auriate gave origin to this family, which suddenly appears in history as a local major power in Liguria in the late 11th century.

Documentary evidence refers to two members of that family, Martino and Genuardo, in 1110; they are called filii Auriae (the sons or children of Oria). The Doria had fiefs in Sardinia from the 12th century to the 15th century, and also in Dolceacqua, Oneglia and Portofino, in the Riviera to the west of Genoa.

Notable members

Portovenere
Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria, 1606, age 22, as painted by Peter Paul Rubens
, shortly after her wedding to Giacomo Massimiliano Doria

Giudicato of Arborea and nearly conquered the whole of Sardinia
in the late fourteenth century.

Ottone Doria commanded the 5,000 or more Genoese crossbowmen hired by the French for the Battle of Crécy against the English, in August 1346. Like many of his troops, he was killed in the battle, where the Genoese ended by being attacked by both sides. Heavy rain had made their bowstrings wet and useless (unlike those of the English longbows, they could not easily be removed) so Ottone ordered a retreat. The French cavalry saw this as cowardice and attacked them, while others were slain by the English bowmen.

A remarkable member of the family is Admiral

marquis of Tursi (in the kingdom of Naples) in 1555.[2] These titles were inherited by Giovanni Andrea Doria
, son of Giannettino Doria who was a second cousin and adopted son of Andrea Doria. When Giannettino Doria was killed in 1547 during the Fieschi conspiracy against the power of Andrea Doria over Genoa, his descendants inherited the titles granted to the great admiral.

Giovanni Andrea's son Giovanni Doria was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. Other notable Dorias of the period include admiral Carlo Doria and art collector Giovanni Carlo Doria.

The family had relationships with political entities both in and out of Europe. During the attempts by the Mongol ilkhanate ruler

Cilician Armenia.[3]

Doges of Genoa

Some members of the family became doge of Genoa.

Titled branches

Members of the Doria family bore the titles of Prince of Melfi (Doria-Pamphili branch), of Princes of Centola (Doria d'Angri branch), of Counts of Montaldeo, Marquesses of Ciriè e del Maro, Marquesses of San Columbano, Lords of Oneglia, among many others. Agnatic members of the family are marchesi al cognome, that is, bear the title of marquess attached to the family name as a courtesy title.

Non-agnatic princely branches like the Colonna-Doria are still flourishing. There are also titled branches outside Italy, such as the Porrata Doria family in Spain, which rank as marquesses.

Role in the great explorations

The Doria clan helped finance the

State of São Paulo
(2019-2022).

The genoese Lodisio Doria, knight of Christ's Order, settled in the island of

Tristão Vaz. The França Doria branch is headed by the Count of Calçada, with a younger branch headed by the Viscount of Torre Bela
.

In literature

The name Doria was used in Cornelia Funke's "Inkheart" series (specifically, the book "Inkdeath") for a semi-main character who eventually fell in love with the teenage heroine.

A character in Ada Palmer's near-future sci-fi series "Terra Ignota" is named Julia Doria Pamphili, and is implied to be descended from the historical Doria family.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "TIG - Risultati". www.zeneize.net. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  2. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Doria-Pamphilii-Landi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.
  3. ^ Phillips, p. 102

References