Doris (Greece)

Coordinates: 38°41′N 22°26′E / 38.683°N 22.433°E / 38.683; 22.433
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Doris
Δωρίς
Region of
Central Greece
Major citiesThe Doric Tetrapolis
DialectsDoric

Doris (

Amphicaea
, which are the last towns in Phocis.

Geography

Doris is described by

Drymiae, which are evidently the Phocian towns elsewhere called Tithronium and Drymaea. There was an important mountain pass leading across Parnassus from Doris to Amphissa in the country of the Ozolian Locrians; at the head of this pass stood the Dorian town of Cytinium.[7]

Doris is said to have been originally called Dryopis from its earlier inhabitants the Dryopes, who were expelled from the country by

Lacedaemonians, as the chief state of Doric origin, on more than one occasion sent assistance to the metropolis when attacked by the Phocians and their other neighbours.[10]

Origin of the name

The name "Dorians" is supposed to have derived from

Naupactus
to the conquest is in accordance with the legend of their being the inhabitants of the northern shore of the gulf.

History

In the historical period the whole of the eastern and southern parts of the Peloponnese were in the possession of the Dorians. Starting at the isthmus of

Saronic gulf, Aegina was peopled by Dorians. South of the Argive territory was Laconia, and to its west Messenia, both ruled by Dorians: the river Neda, which separated Messenia from Triphylia, included under Elis in its widest sense, was the boundary of the Dorian states on the western side of the peninsula. The districts just mentioned are represented in the Homeric poems as the seats of the great Achaean monarchies, and there is no allusion in these poems to any Doric population in Peloponnesus. In fact the name of the Dorians occurs only once in Homer, and then as one of the many tribes of Crete.[13]
The silence of Homer indicates that the Dorian conquest of Peloponnesus must have taken place subsequent to the time of the poet, and consequently must be assigned to a much later date than the one usually attributed to it.

From the Peloponnesus the Dorians spread over various parts of the

Triopian promontory near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian Apollo; the prizes in those games were brazen tripods, which the victors had to dedicate in the temple of Apollo; and Halicarnassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house instead of leaving it in the temple. The hexapolis thus became a pentapolis.[14]

The Doric colonies founded numerous further colonies in historic times. Corinth, the chief commercial city of the Dorians, colonised

Chalcidice, founded by Corinth; and Selymbria, Chalcedon, and Byzantium
, all three founded by Megara.

During the invasion of Xerxes, Doris submitted to the Persians, and consequently its towns were spared.[15] Doris was one of the oldest members of the Delphic Amphictyony and, according to Thucydides, it was an important and strategic region already 25 years before the Peloponnesian War, the first time when the Phoceaens and the Lacaedemonians first clashed against each other, the former as invaders and the latter as protectors of the Doric capital Kytinion. In the 3rd century BC the Doric Tetrapolis joined the Aetolian League.[16] Subsequently, as we have already seen, they were assisted by the Lacedaemonians, when attacked by the more powerful Phocians and neighbouring tribes.[17] Their towns suffered much in the Phocian, Aetolian, and Macedonian wars, so that it was a wonder to Strabo that any trace of them was left in the Roman times. (Strab. ix. p. 427.) The towns continued to be mentioned by Pliny[18]

In the 6th century AD the ancient Voion is probably the only one of the cities of the Doric Tetrapolis still mentioned in the Synecdemus of Hierocles.

References

  1. ^ Strabo ix. p. 427; William Martin Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. pp. 72, 92.
  2. ^ Strabo x. p. 427.
  3. ^ Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. 286.
  4. ^ Pyth. i. 121.
  5. ISBN 0-19-814099-1
    .
  6. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium s. v. Ἀμφαναί.
  7. ^ Hall, Jonathan M. (2006). "Dorians: Ancient Ethnic Group". In Wilson, Nigel. Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 240–242.
  8. ^ Herodotus i. 56, viii. 31, 43.
  9. ^ Herodotus viii. 31.
  10. ^ Thucydides i. 107, iii. 92.
  11. ^ Strabo viii. p. 383; Conon, c. 27.
  12. ^ i. 7. § 3.
  13. ^ Odyssey xix. 177.
  14. ^ Herodotus i. 144.
  15. ^ Herodotus viii. 31.
  16. ^ Grainger, John D. (1999) The League of the Aitolians (Google Books).
  17. ^ Thuc. i. 107, iii. 92.
  18. ^ Pliny iv. 7. s. 13; comp. Müller Dorians, book i. c. 2; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 90, seq.

External links

38°41′N 22°26′E / 38.683°N 22.433°E / 38.683; 22.433

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