Dortmund
Dortmund
Düörpm (Westphalian) | |
---|---|
Clockwise from top left: Bodelschwingh Castle; Opera House; Altes Stadthaus; old market square with St. Reinold's Church; Zollern II/IV Colliery; Dortmund U-Tower; and city centre | |
Location of Dortmund within North Rhine-Westphalia Rhine-Ruhr) | |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 44001-44388 |
Dialling codes | 0231, 02304 |
Vehicle registration | DO |
Website | www |
Dortmund (German:
Founded around 882,
Since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries, the region has adapted and shifted to high-technology
Dortmund is home to many
History
Etymology
Dortmund was first mentioned in the Werden Abbey, which was built between 880 and 884. The Latin entry reads: In Throtmanni liber homo Arnold viii den nob solvit (German: In Throtmanni zahlt uns der freie Mann Arnold 8 Pfennige, and English: In Throtmanni the free man Arnold pays us 8 pfennigs).[16] According to this, there are a large number of different names, but they all go back to the same phoneme stem. Their respective use in the sources appears arbitrary and random.
In the course of time the name changed many times: trut munia 899, Thortmanni, Trutmania, Trotmunni 939, Tremonia 1152. From the 13th century on, the Dortmunde appeared for the first time, but it was not until a few centuries later that it became generally accepted.
In the Middle Ages 1389, when the city had withstood the siege of 1,200 knights under the leadership of the Archbishop of Cologne, it chose as its motto a saying that is still upheld today by traditional societies: So fast as Düörpm (High German: "as firm as Dortmund").
In the past, the city was called "Dortmond" in
Early history
The Sigiburg was a hillfort in the south of present-day Dortmund, overlooking the River Ruhr near its confluence with the River Lenne. The ruins of the later Hohensyburg castle now stand on the site of the Sigiburg. The hillfort is presumably of Saxon origin, but there is no archeological or documentary proof of this. During the Saxon Wars, it was taken by the Franks under Charlemagne in 772, retaken by the Saxons (possibly under Widukind) in 774, and taken again and refortified by Charlemagne in 775. Archaeological evidence suggests the Sigiburg site was also occupied in the Neolithic era.[17][18]
The first time Dortmund was mentioned in official documents was around 882 as Throtmanni – In throtmanni liber homo arnold[us] viii den[arios] nob[is] soluit [solvit].[4][19] In 1005 the "Ecclesiastical council" and in 1016 the"Imperial diet" met in Dortmund.[20]
Middle Ages and early modern period
After it was destroyed by a fire, the
After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the English King even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security. In 1388, the
18th, 19th and early 20th centuries
With the
During the
World War II
Under
Dortmund was the location of the Stalag VI-D prisoner-of-war camp for Polish, French, Belgian, British, Serbian, Soviet and Italian POWs with some 300 forced labour units in the city alone,[23] a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust),[24] and a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp for 800 predominantly Polish women.[25] In September 1943, the local Gestapo carried out a mass execution of 17 Polish POWs, who escaped the Oflag VI-B POW camp, but were soon captured.[26]
Bombing targets of the
The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Dortmund in April 1945. The US 95th Infantry Division attacked the city on 12 April 1945 against a stubborn German defense. The division, assisted by close air support, advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April 1945.[29]
Postwar period
Post-war, most of the ancient buildings were not restored, and large parts of the city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s. A few historic buildings such as the main churches
In 2001 a new era began for the district Hörde in Dortmund, 160 years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG. In 2005 the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area. The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2.5 million meters of ground motion and 420.000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete. On 1 October 2010, the largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated: the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See. Since 9 May 2011, the fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed.[32] In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow[11] and is the most sustainable city in Germany.[13]
On 3 November 2013, more than 20,000 people were evacuated after a 4,000-pound bomb from World War II was found. German authorities safely defused the bomb. The bomb was found after analysing old aerial photographs while searching for unexploded bombs dropped by Allied aircraft over Germany's industrial Ruhr region.[33]
Geography
Location
Dortmund is an independent city located in the east of the
The
The
, where it flows into the Rhine.Boroughs
Dortmund comprises 62 neighbourhoods which in turn are grouped into twelve boroughs (called "Stadtbezirke"), often named after the most important neighbourhood. Three boroughs cover the area of the inner city (Innenstadt-West (City centre West), Innenstadt-Nord (City centre North), Innenstadt-Ost (City centre East)) and the remaining nine boroughs make up the surrounding area (
The centre can be subdivided into historically evolved city districts, whose borders are not always strictly defined, such as:
- Stadtzentrum (City centre)
- Hafenviertel (Harbour Quarter)
- Nordmarkt (Northern market)
- Borsigplatz
- Kaiserviertel (Emperor Quarter)
- Kronenviertel (Crown Quarter)
- Kreuzviertel (Cross Quarter)
- Klinikviertel (Clinical Quarter)
- Saarlandstraßenviertel (Saarland street Quarter)
- Unionviertel (Union Quarter)
- Gartenstadt (Garden Town)
Climate
Dortmund is situated in the
Climate data for Dortmund | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
37.6 (99.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
28.6 (83.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
37.6 (99.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4 (39) |
5 (41) |
9 (48) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
21 (70) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
19 (66) |
15 (59) |
9 (48) |
5 (41) |
14 (56) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
13 (55) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
3 (37) |
1 (34) |
6 (42) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 65 (2.6) |
56 (2.2) |
53 (2.1) |
57 (2.2) |
68 (2.7) |
78 (3.1) |
93 (3.7) |
93 (3.7) |
67 (2.6) |
60 (2.4) |
71 (2.8) |
77 (3.0) |
838 (33.1) |
Average rainy days | 19 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 197 |
Source: Wetter Kontor[35] |
Demographics
Dortmund's population grew rapidly in the time of the 19th century industrialisation, when coal mining and steel processing in the city began. 1904 marks the year when Dortmund saw a population of more than 100,000 for the first time in its history. During the 19th century the area around Dortmund, called Ruhr, attracted up to 500,000 ethnic Poles, Masurians, and Silesians from East Prussia and Silesia, in a migration known as Ostflucht (flight from the east). Most of the new inhabitants came from Eastern Europe, but immigrants also came from France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Almost all their descendants today speak German as a mother tongue, and for various reasons, they do not identify with their Polish roots and traditions; often only their Polish family names remaining as a sign of their past. Not taking the fluctuation of war years into account, the population figures rose constantly to 657,804 in 1965. As a result of the city's post-industrial decline, the population fell to just under 580,000 in 2011. Today, with a population of 601.402 (2017), the City of Dortmund is the eighth largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, and Düsseldorf. It is also the largest city in the Ruhr agglomeration.
Contrary to earlier projections, population figures have been on the rise in recent years due to net migration gains. Dortmund has seen a moderate influx of younger people (18 to 25 years of age) mainly because of its universities.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1300 | 10,000 | — |
1480 | 8,000 | −20.0% |
1600 | 4,000 | −50.0% |
1700 | 3,000 | −25.0% |
1812 | 4,828 | +60.9% |
1871 | 44,420 | +820.0% |
1900 | 142,733 | +221.3% |
1910 | 214,226 | +50.1% |
1925 | 321,743 | +50.2% |
1939 | 542,261 | +68.5% |
1946 | 436,491 | −19.5% |
1950 | 507,349 | +16.2% |
1956 | 607,885 | +19.8% |
1961 | 641,480 | +5.5% |
1965 | 657,804 | +2.5% |
1970 | 642,680 | −2.3% |
1975 | 630,609 | −1.9% |
1980 | 608,297 | −3.5% |
1985 | 572,094 | −6.0% |
1990 | 599,055 | +4.7% |
1995 | 598,840 | −0.0% |
2000 | 588,994 | −1.6% |
2005 | 588,168 | −0.1% |
2011 | 571,143 | −2.9% |
2016 | 585,813 | +2.6% |
2019 | 588,250 | +0.4% |
2021 | 586,852 | −0.2% |
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. |
Nationality | Population (31 December 2022) |
---|---|
Turkey | 22,154 |
Poland | 11,388 |
Syria | 7,791 |
Ukraine | 7,368 |
Romania | 4,561 |
Greece | 4,132 |
Spain | 3,623 |
Italy | 3,569 |
Morocco | 3,421 |
Bulgaria | 3,416 |
Iraq | 2,229 |
Croatia | 2,103 |
North Macedonia | 2,034 |
Russia | 1,902 |
Portugal | 1,851 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,780 |
Serbia | 1,532 |
China | 1,304 |
Hungary | 1,284 |
Kosovo | 1,225 |
As of 2012[update], Dortmund had a population of 571,403, of whom about 177,000 (roughly 30%) were of non-German origin.[36] The table shows the number of first and second generation immigrants in Dortmund by nationality as of 31 December 2014.[40] As with much of the Ruhr area, Dortmund has sizable Turkish and South European communities (particularly Spanish), and had one of Germany's most visible Slavic populations.
Religion
As of 2014[update], the largest Christian denominations were Protestantism (49.9%) and
The Jewish community has a history dating back to Medieval times and has always ranked among the largest in Westphalia. Dortmund is home to the National Association of Jewish Communities of Westfalen-Lippe. The synagogues operate there in City center, Hörde, and Dorstfeld. Due to the growing immigration of people from Muslim countries beginning in the 1960s, Dortmund has a large Muslim community with more than 30 mosques.
In June 2019 Dortmund hosted the 37th Evangelischer Kirchentag –
Government and politics
Dortmund is one of nineteen
Dortmund is often called the Herzkammer der SPD (roughly translated as "heartland of the Social democrats"), after the politically dominant party in the city. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), mayors were installed by the Nazi Party. After World War II, the military government of the British occupation zone installed a new mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities. The first major elected by the population of Dortmund was Fritz Henßler. Since the end of the war, the SPD has held a plurality in the city council, except for the period from 1999 to 2004.
Mayor
The current Mayor of Dortmund is Thomas Westphal of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2020.
The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Thomas Westphal | Social Democratic Party | 75,565 | 35.9 | 75,884 | 52.1 | |
Andreas Hollstein | Christian Democratic Union | 54,505 | 25.9 | 69,876 | 47.9 | |
Daniela Schneckenburger | Alliance 90/The Greens | 46,015 | 21.8 | |||
Utz Kowalewski | The Left | 9,351 | 4.4 | |||
Michael Kauch | Free Democratic Party | 6,538 | 3.1 | |||
Bernd Schreyner | The Right | 6,274 | 3.0 | |||
Judith Storb | Die PARTEI | 5,019 | 2.4 | |||
Carl Hendri Draub | Independent | 2,552 | 1.2 | |||
Christian Gebel | Pirate Party Germany | 1,897 | 0.9 | |||
Detlef Münch | Free Citizens' Initiative | 1,512 | 0.7 | |||
Günther Ziethoff | Grassroots Democracy Now | 1,016 | 0.5 | |||
Dave Varghese | German Communist Party | 415 | 0.2 | |||
Valid votes | 210,659 | 99.1 | 145,760 | 99.0 | ||
Invalid votes | 1,950 | 0.9 | 1,529 | 1.0 | ||
Total | 212,609 | 100.0 | 147,289 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 451,925 | 47.0 | 451,710 | 32.6 | ||
Source: State Returning Officer Archived 27 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
City council
The Dortmund city council (Dortmunder Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 63,096 | 30.0 | 8.2 | 27 | 9 | |
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 52,241 | 24.8 | 9.4 | 22 | 7 | |
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 47,405 | 22.5 | 4.7 | 20 | 6 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 11,825 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 5 | 1 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 11,547 | 5.5 | 2.1 | 5 | 2 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 7,345 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3 | 1 | |
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) | 5,851 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3 | 3 | |
The Right (Die Rechte) | 2,369 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1 | ±0 | |
Human Environment Animal Protection (Tierschutz) | 1,995 | 0.9 | New | 1 | New | |
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | 1,848 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | |
Alliance for Diversity and Tolerance (BVT) | 1,737 | 0.8 | New | 1 | New | |
Citizens' List (Bürgerliste) | 1,359 | 0.6 | New | 1 | New | |
Free Citizens' Initiative (FBI) | 1,087 | 0.5 | New | 0 | New | |
Grassroots Democracy Now | 560 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New | |
Digital Ecological Social (DOS) | 219 | 0.1 | New | 0 | New | |
Heinz Augat – Together | 53 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
We in Dortmund | 39 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
German Communist Party (DKP) | 16 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0 | ±0 | |
Valid votes | 210,592 | 99.0 | ||||
Invalid votes | 2,047 | 1.0 | ||||
Total | 212,639 | 100.0 | 90 | 4 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 451,925 | 47.1 | 2.2 | |||
Source: State Returning Officer Archived 27 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine |
Twin towns – sister cities
Cityscape
Dortmund's city centre offers a picture full of contrasts. Historic buildings like
Thus, the city today is characterized by simple and modest post-war buildings, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example the opera house are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture.[44]
Urban districts
Unlike the Dortmund city centre, much of the inner districts around the old medieval centre escaped damage in the second world war and post war redevelopment.
Kreuzviertel
The
Even today many artists choose Kreuzviertel as their residence: Sascha Schmitz, Christina Hammer, and players of Borussia Dortmund.
Nordstadt
The northern downtown part of Dortmund called Nordstadt, situated in a territory of 14.42 km2 (5.57 sq mi) is shaped by a colorful variety of cultures. As the largest homogeneous old building area in Ruhr the Nordstadt is a melting pot of different people of different countries and habits just a few steps from the city center. The Nordstadt is an industrial urban area that was mainly developed in the 19th century to serve the Westfalenhütte steelworks, port and rail freight depot. All of the residents live in a densely populated 300 hectare area (the most densely populated residential area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with steelworks, port and railway lines acting as physical barriers cutting off the area from the city centre and other residential districts).[46]
The area has been badly affected by the deindustrialisation of these heavy industries, with the target area developing a role as the home for growing numbers of immigrants and socially disadvantaged groups partly because of the availability of cheaper (although poor quality) accommodation.[47] Nevertheless, two parks – Fredenbaumpark and Hoeschpark – are situated there. There is also much equipment for children to spend their free time. For example, the 35 meters high Big Tipi, which was brought in from the Expo 2000 in Hanover. All of that should attract families to settle in, but low prices of apartments and a variety of renting offers speak for the contrary. This developed into the youngest population of Dortmund is living and created a district with art house cinemas to ethnic stores, from exotic restaurants to student pubs.[46]
The Borsigplatz is probably one of the best known squares in Germany. Ballspielverein Borussia Dortmund was founded nearby, north-east of the main railway station. The streets radiating outward to form a star shape, the sycamore in the middle of the square and the tramline running diagonally across the square give Borsigplatz its very own flair.[48]
Kaiserviertel
The Kaiserstraßen District is located east of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg. In this district numerous magnificent buildings from the 1900s and new buildings from the 1950s are located next to the heritage-protected State Mining Office Dortmund, several Courts, Consulate and the East Cemetery. The district is characterize by the employee of the Amtsgericht, Landgericht (the first and second instances of ordinary jurisdiction) and the Prison.
Today the historical Kaiserbrunnen and the entrance sign for Kaiserstraße are important starting points for a tour to the popular shopping district. The Moltkestreet also known as the Cherry Blossom Avenue, became famous after photographers started posting pictures of blooming trees. Every spring, usually in April, the street in the Kaiserstraßen district is booming with pink blossoms and attracts tourists.
Unionviertel
The Union District is located west of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg. For a long time, the neighbourhood at the Dortmunder U and along the Rheinische Straße was marked by vacancy and social distortion due to structural change. Today it is developing an inspiring young artist scene, with more and more students thanks to cheaper apartments near the university and a vibrant gastronomy. This development benefits strongly from the new, widely visible beacon, the art and creative centre Dortmunder U, opened in 2010. Yet, for a time, it was mainly the Union Gewerbehof activists and other single stakeholders who initiated change.[49]
Hörde on Lake Phoenix
Hörde is borough in the south of the city of Dortmund. Originally Hörde was a separate town (until 1929) and was founded by the Counts of Mark in opposition to their principal enemy, the town of Dortmund. In 1388, the "Großen Dortmunder Fehde" (great feud of Dortmund) took place, where the city of Dortmund battled against the alliance of surrounding towns. The struggle ended in 1390, with defeat for Hörde and its allies of Herdecke, Witten, Bochum, Castrop, Lünen, Unna, and Schwerte. Today Hörde is a part of Dortmund with restored old buildings combined with modern architecture. The Hörder Burg (Hörde castle) was built in the 12th century and is located in the east of the town, close to the Emscher and Lake Phoenix.
Lake Phoenix was one of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe. On the area of the former blast furnace and steel plant site of ThyssenKrupp newly formed and developed a new urban resident and recreational area 3 kilometers (2 miles) from the city centre of Dortmund. The development of the Phoenix See area cost €;170 million.[50] The lake is 1.2 km long directed to east–west and 320 meters wide in north–south direction. The water surface area of 24 acres is larger than the Hamburg Alster. Lake Phoenix is a shallow water lake with a depth of 3 to 4 meters and a capacity of around 600,000 cubic meters. Attractive high priced residential areas were thus created on the southern and northern sides of the Lake. On the western lakeside, the existing district centre of Hörde is enlarged by a city port and a mixed functional urban area.
Companies with agencies and offices on the lakefront include:
- Zalando
- HSBC Trinkaus
- German Handball Association
- Handball-Bundesliga (HBL)
- Sparkassenakademie Nordrhein-Westfalen, a training organization of the Sparkassen
- Mircosonic
The finished sole is primarily fed by groundwater and unpolluted rainwater from the new building sites.[51] The River Emscher flows through an embanked riverbed without direct link to the Lake. Together with the renatured Emscher, the Lake forms a water landscape of 33 hectares, which, as a linking area, is an important element of the Emscher landscape park. The renaturation of the Emscher River is managed by the public water board Emschergenossenschaft. The financial frame is 4.5 billion Euro and the aim is to finish the main work by 2020.[52]
-
Oldtown Hörde
-
Lake Phoenix
-
Port Promenade
-
Kaiser Hill
Churches
- Reinoldikirche, a Protestant church (built in 1233–1450)
- Petrikirche , a now Protestant church (start of construction 1322). It is famous for the huge carved altar (known as "Golden Miracle of Dortmund"), from 1521. It consists of 633 gilt carved oak figures depicting 30 scenes about Easter.
- Marienkirche, a now Protestant church originally built in 1170–1200 but rebuilt after World War II. The altar is from 1420.
- Propsteikirche, Monastery of the Dominican Order in the city center (built in 1331–1353)
- St. Georg, Aplerbeck, the only Romanesque cross basilica of Dortmund
- Große Kirche Aplerbeck, a Gothic revival church
- St. Peter in Syburg suburb, the oldest church building in the city limits
- St. Patrokli, Kirchhörde, a 1954 church
- Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, a Protestant church (start of construction 1911)
- St. Margareta Chapel, a Protestant chapel built in 1348
-
Reinoldikirche
-
St. Johannes Baptist
Castles
- Haus Bodelschwingh (13th century), a moated castle
- Haus Dellwig (13th century), a moated castle partly rebuilt in the 17th century. The façade and the steep tower, and two half-timbered buildings, are original.
- Haus Rodenberg (13th century), a moated castle
- Altes Stadthaus, built in 1899 by Friedrich Kullrich
- Romberg Park Gatehouse (17th century), once a gatehouse to a moated castle. Now it houses an art gallery.
- Husen Castle, the tower house of a former castle, in the borough of Syburg
-
Moated castle Bodelschwingh
-
Bodelschwingh garden
-
Bodelschwingh bridge
Industrial buildings
The most industrial building in Dortmund are part of the Industrial Heritage Trail (
.- U-Tower, former Dortmunder Union brewery, now a museum
- Zollern II/IV Colliery, now part of the Westphalian Industrial Museum and an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH)
- Hansa Coking Plant
-
Phoenix-West coking plant
-
Port Authority
Cultural buildings
- Konzerthaus Dortmund
- Opernhaus Dortmund, opera house built in 1966 on the site of the old synagogue which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938.
- The major art museums include the Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte and the more recent Museum Ostwall.
- DASA, Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition (German: Deutsche Arbeitsschutzausstellung)
- Brewery Museum Dortmund
- Museum of Art and Cultural History
- German Football Museum
-
DASA, Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition
Other important buildings
- Florianturm (television tower Florian)
- Westfalenstadion: football ground of Borussia Dortmund, licensed until 2021 under the name Signal Iduna Park[54]
- Close to Westfalenstadion are the Westfalenhallen, a large convention centre, the site of several major conventions, trade fairs, ice-skating competitions, concerts and other major events since the 1950s.
- Steinwache memorial
High-rise structures
Dortmund tallest structure is the Florianturm telecommunication tower at 266 m or 873 ft. Other tall buildings are the churches around the city centre. A selection of the tallest office buildings in Dortmund is listed below.
- RWE Tower (100 metre-high skyscraper)
- Westnetz Hochhaus Dortmund (100 metre-high skyscraper)
- Westfalentower (88 metre-high skyscraper)
- Harenberg City-Center (86 metre-high skyscraper)
- Sparkassen-Hochhaus (70 metre-high skyscraper)
- IWO-Hochhaus(70 metre-high skyscraper)
- Ellipson (66 metre-high skyscraper)
- Volkswohl Bund Hochhaus (60 metre-high skyscraper)
-
RWE Tower
-
HCC
-
IWO Tower
-
Ellipson
Transportation
Road transport
Dortmund also serves as a major European and German crossroads for the Autobahnsystem. The
Connections to more distant parts of Germany are maintained by Autobahn routes A1 and A2, which traverse the north and east city limits and meet at the Kamener Kreuz interchange north-east of Dortmund. In combination with the Autobahn A45 to the west these form the Dortmund Beltway (Dortmunder Autobahnring).
Cycling
Cycling in Dortmund is supported by urban planners – an extensive network of cycle paths exists which had its beginnings in the 1980s. Dortmund was admitted to the German "Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle-Friendly Cities and Municipalities in NRW" (AGFS) on August 8, 2007. Dortumund is connected to a number of long-distance cycle paths and a
Rail transport
As with most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by a local, publicly owned company for transport within the city, the
The central train station (
Public transportation
For public transportation, the city has an extensive Stadtbahn and bus system. The Stadtbahn has eight lines (U41 to U47 and U49) serving Dortmund and the large suburb of Lünen in the north. The trains that run on the line are in fact lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs at 5 to 10 minute intervals. On Sundays the trains run at a 15-minute interval. In April 2008, the newly constructed east–west underground light rail line was opened, completing the underground service in the city centre and replacing the last trams on the surface.[55]
A number of bus lines complete the Dortmund public transport system. Night buses replace Stadtbahn services between 1:30 am and 7:30 am on weekends and public holidays. The central junction for the night bus service is Reinoldikirche in the city centre, where all night bus lines start and end.
The H-Bahn at Technical University of Dortmund is a hanging monorail built specifically to shuttle passengers between the university's two campuses,[56] which are now also flanked by research laboratories and other high-tech corporations and startups. A nearly identical monorail system transfers passengers at Düsseldorf Airport.[57]
Air transport
In 2019, the airport served 2,719,563 passengers[59] mainly used for low-cost and leisure charter flights. The closest intercontinental airport is Düsseldorf Airport.
Water transport
-
Interchange station Möllerbrücke
-
ICE 3 on the Dortmund Hauptbahnhof
-
Stadtbahnwagen B Light Rail Vehicle
-
Bombardier Flexity Classictram
-
Metropolrad Ruhr, City Bike
-
Hörde Bahnhof – second biggest in Dortmund
-
Dortmund Airport – Main Terminal (T2)
Economy
Dortmund has adapted since the collapse of its century long steel, coal and beer industries. The region has shifted to high technology,
Hundreds of
Dortmund is home to many insurance companies e.g.
.Dortmund is also the headquarter of Century Media Records, a heavy metal record label with offices in the United States and London. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.[63]
Tourism
Tourism in Dortmund is a fast-growing economic factor every year: new overnight records can be announced, new hotels open and new visitor magnets are added.
The majority of tourists are domestic visitors, coming from Germany. International travellers arrive from the United Kingdom,
Shopping
The
Three more shopping malls occupy the Thier-Galerie; Galeria Kaufhof and Karstadt, as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from Peek & Cloppenburg and C&A. During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to Dortmund Christmas Market, one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany. With more than 3.5 million visitors and 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree that stands 45 metres tall, it is one of the most visited and popular market in the world.[71]
In close proximity to the Dortmund concert hall lies the Brückstraßenviertel – a quarter hub especially for young people. The "Rue de Pommes Frites", which is what the Dortmund citizens have called the Brückstraße, has turned into a modern shopping promenade, geared towards a younger market.
For a long time, the Kampstraße had a shadowy existence as a parallel street to the Westenhellweg and Ostenhellweg, but it has become a grand boulevard containing specialist stores. Right next to the Kampstraße is the Kleppingstraße – a shopping street with a high concentration of gastronomy and expensive, prestigious shops like van Laack, Lindner Fashion, Marc Cain. It is located between the Ostenhellweg and Neutor to Wallring.
Port and logistics
Dortmund is one of the most important
Companies with big logistic hubs for Germany and Europe in Dortmund include:
Fairs
Dortmund is home to Germany's twelve biggest exhibition centre, Halls of Westphalia which lies near the city center next to Dortmund Airport. With around 77.000 visitors each year, Jagd & Hund is by far the largest event held there. Other important fairs open to consumers include "Intermodelbau", the world's biggest consumer fair for model making, and one of the leading fairs for youth culture "YOU". Important fairs restricted to professionals include "D.I.M" (Deutsche Immobilienmesse, German property fair), Creativa (Hobby) and InterTabac (Tabaco).[72]
-
Messe Dortmund logo
-
Main Hall
-
Rosenterassen south entrance
-
Headquarter
Federal Agency and public organisations
Dortmund is home of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Material Testing Office of North Rhine-Westphalia material and the main customs office.
Consulates
As a profoundly international city, Dortmund hosts diplomatic missions (
Courts
Several courts are located in Dortmund, including:
- Landgericht Dortmund (Regional Court Dortmund)
- Amtsgericht Dortmund (Local Court Dortmund)
- Sozialgericht Dortmund (Social Court Dortmund)
- Arbeitsgericht Dortmund (Employment Court Dortmund)
Media
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2022) |
Newspapers
Two important daily newspapers are published in and around Dortmund. The conservative Ruhr Nachrichten, also known as RN, was founded in 1949. The RN has a circulation of over 225,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the Westfälische Rundschau, was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000. The WR is published by Germany's third largest newspaper and magazine publisher Funke Mediengruppe.
Magazines
Several magazines also originate from Dortmund. The Rock . Visions is a German music magazine with a circulation of approximately 35,000.
Radio and TV
The Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR, West German Broadcasting Cologne has a sizable studio in Dortmund, which is responsible for the east Ruhr area. Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called Lokalzeit Ruhr), a 5-minute afternoon news programme, and several radio news programmes. A local broadcasting station called Radio 91.2 went "on-the-air" in the early 1990s. Sat.1 have a regional studio in Dortmund. The City stands alongside London and Paris as one of the three head offices of Global Tamil Vision and GTV-Deutschland.[79]
Two big Radio Channels of Westdeutscher Rundfunk are sending from Dortmund.
- WDR 2, featuring adult-oriented popular music, focuses strongly on national and regional news, current affairs, and sport.
- German-languagesongs.
Other radio broadcasters include Radio NRW and eldoradio*.
Film
The films Trains'n'Roses, Bang Boom Bang, Oi! Warning, Do Fish Do It?, If It Don't Fit, Use a Bigger Hammer, Guys and Balls, Goldene Zeiten, Marija and television series Tatort, Balko, Helden der Kreisklasse, and more German movies like The Crocodiles , The Rhino and the Dragonfly , Ein Schnitzel für alle, Young Light , and Radio Heimat were filmed in the city.
Education
Dortmund has 160 schools and 17 business, technical colleges teach more than 85,000 pupils. The city has a 4-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the Hauptschule, Realschule, Gesamtschule or Gymnasium (college preparatory school). The Stadtgymnasium Dortmund which was founded in 1543 as Archigymnasium is one of the oldest schools in Europe.[82] The Leibniz Gymnasium, a bilingual public school located in the Kreuzviertel district, is particularly popular with children of the English-speaking expatriate community. The school is an International Baccalaureate school.[83] The Goethe-Gymnasium was founded in 1867 as the first school offering higher education to girls in the city. It has been a NRW Sportschule, focused on sports, from 2009.
Higher education
The city is the site of several other universities, colleges and academies, which attract about 45,000 students.[40] Among them there are:
- FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Standort Dortmund: academy for management, founded in 1993.
- Fachhochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen: academy for public administration.
- International School of Management: private academy focussing on management and economics, founded in 1990.
- IT-Center Dortmund: private college founded in 2000.
- International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef – Bonn: is a private, state-recognised university of business and management.
-
Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts
-
Department of at Design Max-Ophüls-Platz
-
Department of Architecture
Research
The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities.[85][citation needed]
Livability and quality of life
In November 2017, according to a study by data of the German National Statistics Office, the National Employment Agency, Mercer, Handelsblatt, Numbeo, and Immowelt, Dortmund was ranked on position seven of the most livable cities in Germany for expats.[86] In September 2017, The New York Times praised the city of Dortmund, which has been adapting since the collapse of its century-old steel and coal industries and has shifted to high technology biomedical technology, micro systems technology and other services, as the hidden star of structural change providing a good quality of life for employees.[87] According to the 2017 Global Least & Most Stressful Cities Ranking, Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the world. It is ranked 27th out of 150, between Copenhagen and Vancouver, and is highly ranked in the categories traffic & public transport, gender equality and debt per capital.[88]
Like a Phoenix Rising from the Ashes and exemplary for structural transformation – This was the title of an article in the online version on Neue Zürcher Zeitung of the urban livability and new exceptional architecture in Dortmund.[89]
In a 2015/2016 survey centred on student life in Germany, Dortmund ranked as seventh-best.[90]
In a 2012 study of the most livable biggest cities in Germany, Dortmund ranked on position ten between Nuremberg and Stuttgart and first of all large cities in Germany due to sport, gastronomy, and shopping opportunities.[91]
In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow,[11] and in 2014 acclaimed as the most sustainable city in Germany.[13]
Culture
The city has a long tradition of music and theatre. The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called Dortmunder Philharmoniker. The first opera house was built in 1904, destroyed in World War II and opened again in 1966 as Opernhaus Dortmund. It is operated by Theater Dortmund together with other locations, including (since 2002) the Konzerthaus Dortmund. The Konzerthaus Dortmund is listed in the ECHO list as one of the 21 most outstanding concert halls in Europe.[92]
The Domicil Jazz Club is one of the "100 best jazz venues world wide" according to the American jazz magazine DownBeat.[93]
The Dortmund U-Tower, which was once a brewery, is now European centre for creative economy and the
Dortmund leading cabaret-stage is the Cabaret Queue, which is located next to Lake phoenix. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Fletch Bizzel and the theatre Olpktetal. The most important cabaret event is the RuhrHOCHdeutsch, which is one of the most successful cabaret festivals in Germany. It features artists from around the world.
Dortmund is also famous for its Christmas market, which draws well over three and a half million visitors to its 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree creation that stands 45 metres tall. The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies.
Recreation
The
.The Dortmund Zoo is the zoological garden with 28 hectares next to the Rombergpark and was founded 1953. With 1,800 animals belonging to 250 species, the Dortmund Zoo is the second largest in the Ruhr Valley. It is specialized in the keeping and breeding of South American species and is leading in the breeding of the giant anteater, the tamandua, and the giant otter.[94]
The Westfalenpark is Dortmunds's most popular inner-city park. The park is 72 hectares in size and is one of the largest urban gardens of Germany. It was first opened in 1959 as the second Bundesgartenschau (abbr. BUGA) in North Rhine-Westphalia. With the National Rosarium with 3,000 different rose varieties, theme gardens, an environmental protection centre, the German Cookbook Museum, a geological garden, cafés, and recreation areas, it provides numerous opportunities for a day of diverse activities. Dortmund's Westfalenpark is also a popular location for events in the Ruhr area- with parties, festivals, events, theatre, music, and flea and garden markets. One of the best views across the whole Ruhr valley is offered by the visitors platform and the revolving restaurant in the 209-metre-high Florian tower. Another summer attraction is the chair lift, which opened in 1959 and runs on Sundays between a "Mountain" and "Valley" station 500 metres apart.[95]
Museums
With more than 20 museums, Dortmund has one of the largest variety of museums in the Ruhr Valley, one of which, the LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II/IV Colliery, is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.[96]
The
The German Football Museum (German: Deutsches Fußballmuseum), aka DFB-Museum, is the national museum for German football. It is located close to the Dortmund Hauptbahnhof and is part of an art and culture mile between the creative center Dortmund U-Tower and the Theater Dortmund, founded to preserve, conserve and interpret important collections of football memorabilia. In its permanent exhibition, the museum presents the history of Germany national football team and the Bundesliga.
The Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte or MKK (Museum of Art and Cultural History) is a municipal museum located in an Art Deco building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and applied art, illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century. There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture, as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of surveying, with rare geodetic instruments.[97]
The Steinwache is a memorial museum of the exhibition Widerstand und Verfolgung in Dortmund 1933–1945 ("Resistance and Persecution in Dortmund 1933–1945"), which demonstrates the persecution under National Socialism with many photographs, short texts and sometimes with reports from contemporary witnesses. The museum is located in an old prison and had a reputation as Die Hölle von Westdeutschland ("The hell of western Germany"). Between 1933 and 1945 more than 66,000 people were imprisoned in the Steinwache prison.
Other important museums in Dortmund are:
- DASA – Arbeitswelt Ausstellung (Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition)
- Architecture Archive North Rhine-Westphalia
- Borusseum (Museum of Borussia Dortmund)
- LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II/IV Colliery (Germany's first technical building monument of international importance)
- Museum of natural history Dortmund
- Brewery museum
- HOESCH Museum
Not directly located in Dortmund but important for the city history:
- Henrichenburg boat lift (is a popular destination for cyclists along the canals of the northern Ruhr area).
Festivals and nightlife
Dortmund offers a variety of restaurants, bars and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around the city centre (Wallring) and in the Kreuzviertel district. After the Molotov in Hamburg and the Berghain in Berlin, the FZW (Freizeitzentrum West) in the Union district is one of the three best clubs in Germany. With 307 events in 2015, including concerts, parties, festivals, readings and football public viewings have strengthened the FZW's reputation as an "it club" in the Ruhr region.[98]
Furthermore, Dortmund is one of the main centres of the Electronic dance music and techno subculture. With the
Every year, the Juicy Beats music festival turns the Westfalenpark into a huge festival ground for pop, rap, electro, indie, alternative, reggae, and urban beats – most recently with over 50,000 visitors.
Cuisine
Traditional meals in the region are
In summer the people like to eat a Dortmunder Salzkuchen (bread buns with caraway fruits, salt, meat, and onions). Also a special meal in the winter is Reibekuchen (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce).
Dortmund had more than 550 years of brewing tradition; some of the oldest breweries in Westphalia are founded around the Old Market in Dortmund. Dortmund is known for its pale lager beer called Dortmunder Export or Dortmunder; it became popular with industrial workers and was responsible for Dortmunder Union becoming Germany's largest brewery and Dortmund having the highest concentration of breweries in Germany. Popular and traditionally beer brands are Dortmunder Actien Brauerei, Bergmann Bier, Kronen, Union, Brinkhoff's, Dortmunder Hansa, Hövels, Ritter, Thier, and Stifts.[100]
"Stösschen" is a beer in a small glass "Stösschen" 0.2 litres and can be drunk in about two draughts. The idea of a Stößchen came about in the 19th century, when people would have to wait at the level crossing to cross the Nordstadt Railway Line that divided the city centre from the Nordstadt district. A local innkeeper realised the potential of serving quick drinks to waiting people, and thus began a Dortmund tradition.[101]
The Dortmunder Tropfen
Sports
Dortmund calls itself Sportstadt (City of Sports). The city is the home of the biggest handball association in the world, the German Handball Association (German: Deutscher Handballbund) (DHB), and the German professional handball league Handball-Bundesliga (HBL). Furthermore, Dortmund is home of the Olympic centre of Westphalia.
The city is home of many sports clubs, iconic athletes and annually organises several world-renowned sporting events, such as the Ruhrmarathon and the Sparkassen Chess-Meeting.
Football
Dortmund is home to the sports club Borussia Dortmund, one of the most successful clubs in German football history. Borussia Dortmund are former Bundesliga champions, most recently in 2011–12.[103] Borussia Dortmund won the UEFA Champions League and the Intercontinental Cup in 1997, as well as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1966. 'Die Borussen' are eight-time German Champions and have won five German Cups. Borussia Dortmund play at Westfalenstadion, currently known as Signal Iduna Park. It was built for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and also hosted some matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It is Germany's largest football stadium, with a maximum capacity of 81,359 spectators.[104]
Handball
Borussia Dortmund has a women's handball team playing in the first
Table tennis
Borussia Dortmund also has a table tennis team, playing in the second Bundesliga.
American football
The Dortmund Giants, established on 22 May 1980, is an American football team from Dortmund. The official name of the club is 1. Dortmunder Footballclub Dortmund 1980 "Giants" e.V. The club spent the 1994 season in the 2. Bundesliga before dropping for two seasons to the third tier Regionalliga West. Five more 2. Bundesliga seasons followed from 1997 to 2001, the final one in a combined team with the Bochum Cadets as the Dortmund B1 Giants.[105] After a five-season spell in the Regionalliga, the club finished the 2014 season without a win and had to return to the Oberliga once more.[105][106][107]
Ice hockey
Eisadler Dortmund is the city's ice hockey club that plays in Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen, an indoor sporting arena at the Strobelallee. They played in 2016/17 in the Oberliga, the third level of ice hockey in Germany.
Basketball
The city's basketball team is SVD 49 Dortmund, which plays in the respective national second division.
Baseball
The city's baseball club Dortmund Wanderers plays in the first Bundesliga.
Other sports
The Sparkassen Chess-Meeting has been hosted in Dortmund since 1982.
Besides, Dortmund owns an all-weather racecourse named Galopprennbahn Dortmund.
Twin towns – sister cities
Dortmund is twinned with:
Notable people
Born before 1900
- Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus (1772–1823), publisher, founder of the publishing house "F. A. Brockhaus" and editor of Brockhaus Encyclopedia
- William Middendorf (1793–1853), theologian and educator
- Emil Anneke (1823–1888), revolutionary and American journalist, and lawyer
- Wilhelm Lübke (1826–1893), art historian
- Henry C. Berghoff (1856–1925), lawyer, businessman and politician
- Adolf Schmal (1872–1919), Austrian sportsman
- Wilhelm Canaris (1887–1945), admiral and chief of the military intelligence service
- Richard Drauz (1894–1946), executed as a war criminal. He headed up the NSDAP in the Heilbronn district.
- Friedrich Schubert, (1897–1947), World War II Nazi war criminal; executed
Born 1901–1950
- Walter Haenisch (1905–1938), author and communist, victim of Stalinism
- Walter Blume (1906–1974), lawyer and SS officer
- Fritz Henle (1909–1993), photographer
- Albrecht Brandi (1914–1966), naval officer
- Heinz Stahlschmidt(1919–2010), sergeant and fire fighter
- Dieter Wellershoff (1933–2005), admiral, Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
- Gerhard Cyliax (1934–2008), football player
- Elga Andersen (1935–1994), actress and singer
- Hans Tilkowski (1935–2020), football goalkeeper and coach
- Dieter Fenske (born 1942), inorganic chemist
- Christine Haidegger (1942–2021), Austrian writer
- Annegret Richter (born 1950), sprinter
- Hermann Spieckermann (born 1950), Protestant theologian
Born after 1950
- Klaus Niedzwiedz (born 1951), racing driver and television presenter
- Beate West-Leuer (born 1951), professor, psychotherapist, consultant and coach
- Eve Stratford (born 1953), Playboy Club Bunny, victim of unsolved murder in London in 1975
- Ulla Burchardt (born 1954), politician (SPD)
- Klaus Segbers (born 1954), political scientist and professor
- Antony Theodore (born 1954), poet, educator and social worker
- Susanne Kippenberger (born 1957), journalist and writer
- Achim Peters (born 1957), obesity specialist
- Barbara Havliza (born 1958), politician (CDU) and judge
- Dietmar Bär (born 1961), actor
- Stefan Heinig (born 1962), director and shareholder
- Martin Zawieja (born 1963), weightlifter
- Ralf Husmann (born 1964), writer, producer and author
- Vincent Mennie(born 1964), Scottish footballer
- Matthias Kohring (born 1965), media and communications scientist
- Marco Werner (born 1966), racing driver
- André Erkau (born 1968), director and screenwriter
- Florian Schwarthoff (born 1968), hurdler, bronze medallist in 110m hurdles at the 1996 Olympic Games
- Yasemin Şamdereli (born 1973), film director and screenwriter
- Kevin Grosskreutz(born 1988), football player
- Marco Reus (born 1989), football player
- Lina Magull (born 1994), football player
References
- ^ Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.
- Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- ^ "Bevölkerung in Zahlen 2022". statistikportal.dortmund.de. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ a b Wikimedia Commons: First documentary reference to Dortmund-Bövinghausen from 882, contribution-list of the Werden Abbey (near Essen), North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- ^ a b "Support – Main Menu". Backtonormandy.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4
- ^ "Tourismus: Über 860.000 Tourist*innen besuchten Dortmund in 2019 – Erneuter Zuwachs bei Übernachtungszahlen – Alle Nachrichten – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de". Dortmund.de.
- ^ Schmidt, Dirk (18 February 2020). "Tourismus: +4,5 % mehr Übernachtungen im Ruhrgebiet". Ruhr.today.
- ^ "Smart City Index 2019" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ^ "Dortmund | Create Your Future Digital Business". Digitalhublogistics.com. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d "2thinknow Innovation Cities Global 256 Index". 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ "Icapitel Europe 2019, Finalist". Ec.europa.eu. 20 February 2019.
- ^ a b c "Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Deutschlands nachhaltigste Großstädte 2014"". Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ "Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Digitalste Stadt Deutschlands 2018"". Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "Flughafen Dortmund stellt 2019 deutlichen Passagierrekord auf". Airliners.de.
- ISBN 3-611-00397-2, S. 24–25 (Reihe Dortmunder Leistungen, Band 2)
- ^ Detlef Rothe Rekonstruktion der Sächsischen Wallburg Sigiburg, citing Werner Rolevinck and the Royal Frankish Annals [1]
- ^ Biographie, Deutsche. "Widukind – Deutsche Biographie". Deutsche-biographie.de.
- ^ Rudolf Kötzschke (ed.): Die Urbare der Abtei Werden a. d. Ruhr (= Publikationen der Gesellschaft für rheinische Geschichtskunde XX: Rheinische Urbare). Bd. 2: A. Die Urbare vom 9.-13. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1908, Nachdruck Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 3: B. Lagerbücher, Hebe- und Zinsregister vom 14. bis ins 17. Jahrhundert, Bonn 1908, Nachdruck Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 4, I: Einleitung und Register. I. Namenregister. Hrsg. von Fritz Körholz, Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 4, II: Einleitung, Kapitel IV: Die Wirtschaftsverfassung und Verwaltung der Großgrundherrschaft Werden. Sachregister. Hrsg. von Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1958
- ^ a b Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Ring 1995.
- ^ "Ruhrkampf - Her mit der Kohle! - SPIEGEL ONLINE". Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ "Lager für Sinti und Roma Dortmund". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ "Dortmund (Hüttenverein)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 246
- ^ "Historisches Centrum Hagen : Chronik 1945" (in German). Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ A. Schildt, Die Sozialgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 1989/90, Munich: Oldenbourg, 2007
- ^ Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946 (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 171.
- ^ "The Zollern Colliery". LWL Industrial Museum. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ Hennings 1990.
- ^ "Lake Phoenix". Stadt Dortmund. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ "4,000-pound, World War II bomb forces mass evacuation in Germany". CBS News. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Geografie & Klima – Stadtporträt – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de". 15 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Klima Deutschland, Dortmund – Klimadiagramm, Klimatabelle – WetterKontor". Wetterkontor.de. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Dortmund 2012: Mehr Einwohner, mehr Studierende, mehr Übernachtungen – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal". Dortmund.de. 31 December 2012. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Volmerich, Oliver (31 May 2013). "Dortmund hat weniger Einwohner als angenommen". Derwesten.de. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
- ^ Volmerich, Oliver (11 November 2016). "Dortmund zählt wieder mehr als 600.000 Einwohner". Derwesten.de. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^ "Statistisches Jahrbuch 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ a b http://dev.statistik.dortmund.de/project/assets/template1.jsp?col=2&content=me&smi=10.2.4&tid=66334[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Statistische Jahrbücher". Stadtportal Dortmund. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
- ^ "Kirchentag 2019". Stadtportal Dortmund.
- ^ "Dortmunder Städtepartnerschaften". dortmund.de (in German). Dortmund. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "Wiederaufbau – 20. Jahrhundert – "heute" – Stadtgeschichte – Stadtportrait – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de". Dortmund.de. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ "Mietspiegel und Immobilienpreise von Dortmund | Capital". Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ a b "Die Stadt im Wiederaufbau". Dortmund.de.
- ^ "Dortmund Boosts Efforts to Integrate Bulgarian and Romanian Immigrants - SPIEGEL ONLINE". Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ "BVB 09 – Back to our History – 1909 – Borussia Dortmund – bvb.de". Bvb.de.
- ^ "ecce – european centre for creative economy: Kreativ.Quartiere Ruhr". E-c-c-e.de.
- ^ "Phoenix Lake". Eglv.de. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ "Phoenix-See – Leisure & Culture – dortmund.de". Dortmund.de.
- ^ "webpage Environment Ministry". Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "What is the Industrial Heritage Trail?". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
- ^ "Aktuelle Finanznachrichten und Börseninfos direkt von der Quelle". Dgap.de.
- ^ "Neuer U-Bahn-Tunnel: keine Straßenbahn mehr in Dortmunder City". Oliver Volmerich. 25 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ "H-Bahn – Route map". Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ "H-Bahn – Sky-Train Düsseldorf". Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ "Arriving by car – Dortmund Airport". Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ "2,7 Millionen Passagiere am Flughafen Dortmund". aeroTELEGRAPH (in Swiss High German). 6 January 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ "The new Dortmund – space for change". Stadt Dortmund – City of Dortmund Economic Development Agency. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
- ^ "The new Dortmund – space for change". Stadt Dortmund – City of Dortmund Economic Development Agency. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ "MHP UNDER TOP 10 MOST RECOMMENDED IT SERVICE PROVIDERS". Wirtschaftsblatt. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ "Is this the next big major label acquisition? – Music Business Worldwide". 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Dortmund Tourism 2017". Stadt Dortmund.
- ^ "Ruhr Tourism". ruhr-tourismus. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "Dortmund Tourism 2017". IT NRW Statistic, Economic and Development Agency. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "Ergebnisse der Studie 'Wirtschaftsfaktor Tourismus in Dortmund'" (PDF) (in German). dortmund-tourismus.
- ^ "Things to Do in Dortmund". tripvisitor.
- ^ "Beliebteste Einkaufsstraßen in Deutschland – Statistik". Handelsdaten.de. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ^ "DORTMUNDtourismus - Hellweg". Dortmund-tourismus.de.
- ^ "Weihnachtsmärkte: Köln ist Publikumsmagnet : Topnews". Topnews.de. Archived from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "The new Dortmund – space for change". Stadt Dortmund – City of Dortmund Economic Development Agency. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ "Consolato d'Italia – Dortmund". consdortmund.esteri.it.
- ^ "Griechisches Generalkonsulat". Cylex-Branchenbuch Deutschland.
- ^ "ᐅ Öffnungszeiten: Honorarkonsulat der Volksrepublik Bangladesch – Brackeler Hellweg 119 in Dortmund". Oeffnungszeitenbuch.de.
- ^ "Das Konsulat von Ghana in Dortmund – Deutschland". Botschaft-konsulat.com.
- ^ a b Winterberg, Michael. "Konsulate in Dortmund Konsulat Info konsulate.de". Konsulate.de.
- ^ "Honorarkonsulat Slowenien". Hk-slowenien-nrw.de.
- ^ "Sivalingam Rasan – Unionviertel". 15 July 2015.
- ^ "Reform für WDR 4 und WDR 2". DJV-NRW Journal (in German). Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ "Relaunch: WDR 4 mit mehr internationalen Hits und regionaler Nähe". RADIOSZENE (in German). 20 March 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ Rostra, Sonderausgabe vom 27. Oktober 1979
- ^ "International Baccalaureate school". IB Index. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ^ "Aktuelle Meldungen". TU Dortmund. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012.
- ^ "Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015". Nature Index. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ "RANKING GERMANY'S TOP CITIES 2017". Frankfurt expats. 8 November 2017.
- ^ "In Germany, Blue-Collar Jobs Provide Bulwark to Populism". The New York Times. 21 September 2017.
- ^ "BUSINESS TRAVELLER Revealed: The world's least stressful cities". CNN. November 2017.
- ^ "Phoenix ohne Asche, Phhoenixsee". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. March 2016.
- ^ "Beliebte Studentenstädte: Wo es sich am besten leben, lernen und feiern". 25 November 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via RP Online.
- ^ "Lebensqualität deutscher Großstädte" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2014.
- ^ "European Concert Hall Organisation (ECHO)". Concerthallorganisation.eu. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
- ^ "domicil Dortmund · Live Music Club & Bar · Jazz, World Music, Avantgarde – About us [in english]". Domicil-dortmund.de.
- ^ "Top 10 Arten – Tiere im Zoo – Zoo Dortmund – Freizeit & Kultur – Stadtportal dortmund.de". Dortmund.de.
- ^ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 419
- ^ "ERIH Entry:LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II/IV Colliery". European Route of Industrial Heritage. 2014. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
- ^ "Kurzporträt – Das Museum – Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte – Museen – Freizeit, Kultur, Tourismus". Dortmund.de.
- ^ Schoo, Jana (19 January 2016). "Rangliste: FZW gehört zu den besten Clubs der Republik". Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
- ^ Volmerich, Oliver (21 July 2008). "Feucht, fröhlich, friedlich". Ruhr Nachrichten, Dortmunder Zeitung. pp. DOLO1x1., in German language
- ^ "Dortmund Pub Guide :: the best beer bars, pubs and brewpubs". Europeanbeerguide.net. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Dortmund". Thebeergeek.com.
- ^ "Brennerei – Krämer Shop". August-kraemer.de.
- ^ "BVB 09 – Back to Our History". Retrieved 10 November 2017.
- ^ "Fakten & Kurioses". Signal Induna Park official website. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
- ^ a b Football History Archived 28 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in German) Historic American football tables from Germany, accessed: 28 September 2015
- ^ Regionalliga tables & results (in German) football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015
- ^ Oberliga tables & results (in German) football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015
Bibliography
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 437. .
- G. Hennings & K.R. Kunzmann (1990). "Priority to local economic development: industrial restructuring and local development responses in the Ruhr area – the case of Dortmund". In Walter B. Stöhr (ed.). Global Challenge and Local Response: Initiatives for Economic Regeneration in Contemporary Europe. United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-0-7201-2064-6.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Dortmund". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 215+. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. .
- Dortmund travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website (in German)