Dravyasamgraha
Dravyasamgraha | |
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द्रव्यसंग्रह | |
Nemicandra | |
Language | Prakrit |
Period | 10th Century |
Part of a series on |
Jainism |
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Dravyasaṃgraha (Devnagari: द्रव्यसंग्रह) (Compendium of substances) is a 10th-century
Author
10th century
Influence
Dravyasaṃgraha has played an important role in Jain education and is often memorized because of its comprehensiveness and brevity.
Contents and overview
According to
The six dravyas
In tine opening verse, along with the usual mangalacharana (eulogy), it is mentioned that
The various characteristics of Jiva mentioned in the definition are taken up one by one in verses 3–14. Dravyasaṃgraha classifies the embodied souls on the basis of the number of senses possessed by it: from one to five senses.[6] After this detailed description of Jivas the author proceeds to describe Ajivas—Pudgala, Dharma, adharma, Akasa and Kala, each of which is defined in verses 16–22. Among these, as per verse 23, the Jiva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, and akasa are called astikayas, the extensibles or conglomerates.[4]
Tattvas
The second part deals with the seven tattvas (fundamental principles or verities): jīva (soul), ajīva (non soul),
Moksa
The third part of Dravyasaṃgraha begins with verse 39 describing the means to attain liberation from conventional and real point of views. The three jewels of Jainism also known as
Do not be deluded, do not be attached, do not feel aversion for things which are (respectively) dear or not dear (to you), if you desire a steady mind for the attainment of extraordinary meditation.
— Dravyasamgraha—48
Do not act, do not talk, do not think at all, so that the soul is steady and is content in the self. This indeed is supreme meditation.
— Dravyasaṃgraha (56)
Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
Verses 49 to 54 of the Dravyasaṃgraha, succinctly characterizes the five Supreme Beings (Pañca-Parameṣṭhi) and their characteristics.[10][11]
Having destroyed the four inimical varieties of karmas (ghātiyā karmas), possessed of infinite faith, happiness, knowledge and power, and housed in most auspicious body (paramaudārika śarīra), that pure soul of the World Teacher (Arhat) should be meditated on.
— Dravyasaṃgraha (50)[12]
Commentaries
One of the most popular commentaries of Dravyasaṃgraha is that by Brahmadeva from around the 14th century. Other commentaries on the work include:[13]
- Balacandra (1142) – Tika on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha
- Mallisena (1292) – Commentary on Nemicandra Siddhantin's Dravyasamgraha
- Brahmadeva (1300) – Vrtti on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha
- Hamsaraja (1750) – Commentary on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha.
- Ramacandra – Commentary on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha.
See also
- Jain Agamas
- Jainism
- List of Jain texts
Notes
- ^ a b c d Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 1 of Introduction
- ^ Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xxxviii of introduction
- ^ a b Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 2 of Introduction
- ^ a b c Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xlv of introduction
- ^ Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 4
- ^ Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) p.31-32
- ^ Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) p. 101
- ^ Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 20
- ^ Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 22
- ^ Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xlv- xlvi of introduction
- ^ Jain 2013, p. 177-196.
- ^ Jain 2013, p. 177.
- ^ Potter, Prof. Karl. "Bibliography of Indian Philosophies: 10th to 14th centuries and 15th century – present (Texts whose authors can be dated)". The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. University of Washington. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
References
- Jain, Vijay K. (2013), Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha, Vikalp Printers, ISBN 9788190363952,
Non-copyright
- Acarya Nemicandra; Brahmadeva (1989), Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (ed.), Dravya-saṃgraha of Nemichandra Siddhānta-Chakravarttī, (in English, Prakrit, and Sanskrit), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ, ISBN 81-208-0634-4
- Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010), Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances, (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19), Mumbai: ISBN 978-81-88769-30-8
- श्रीमद् नेमिचन्द्र सिद्धान्तदेव जी विरचित: "श्री द्रव्यसंग्रह जी", Aadhyatmik Prayogshala